4. Primary survey
A : can talk, not tender along C-spine
B : Spontaneous breathing, equal breath sound, CCT negative
C : BP 189/84 mmHg, PR 102 bpm, no external bleeding
D : E4V5M6, pupil 2 mm RTLBE
E : tender, swelling and deformity left forearm, limit ROM left elbow, AW 2 cm
at lateral side of left forearm
5. Adjunct to primary survey
▪ NSS iv rate 120 ml/hr
▪ Hct stat 46%
▪ Retain foley, NG
▪ FAST neg at 23.50
▪ On wooden splint Lt. forearm
6. Secondary survey : History
A : ปฏิเสธประวัติแพ้ยา แพ้อาหาร
M : ปฏิเสธประวัติใช้ยาประจา
P : ปฏิเสธประวัติโรคประจาตัว
L : NPO 18.00 น.
E : ขับรถกระบะแซงรถกระบะอีกคันด้วยความเร็วประมาณ 100 km/hr แล้วเสียหลักตกข้าง
ทาง รถพลิกคว่า ไม่สลบ จาเหตุการณ์ได้ไม่มีศีรษะกระทบกระแทก มีอาการเจ็บบริเวณ
แขนซ้าย ขยับแขนไม่ได้แขนซ้ายผิดรูป
7. Secondary survey :
Examination
▪ Head & Maxillofacial :
No wound, no facial deformity, no ecchymosis
▪ C-spine & Neck :
No wound, can move neck, C-spine not tender
▪ Chest :
Clear and equal breath sounds, CCT negative
▪ Abdomen & pelvis :
AW wound at umbilicus and pelvic area, no distension, bowel sound positive, soft,
not tender, PCT negative
8. Secondary survey :
Examination
▪ Musculoskeletal :
tender, swelling and deformity left forearm, limit ROM left elbow, AW 2 cm at lateral side
of left forearm, full ROM of Lt. wrist and fingers, Radial pulse 2+, capillary refill <2 sec,
normal pinprick sensation, mild tender at Lt. paravertebral
▪ Neurologic :
GCS : E4V5M6,
CN : pupils 3 mm RTLBE, full EOM, no facial palsy
Motor : grade V all except Lt arm cannot evaluate
▪ Perineum/Rectum :
no ecchymosis
18. Diagnosis
▪ Close fracture at proximal ulna with radial head
posterior dislocation Lt forearm
= Monteggia fracture
Bado Classification Type II
▪ Blunt abdominal injury
26. Epidermiology
▪ Rare in adult
▪ More common in children with peak incidende
between 4-10 years of age
27. Presentation
▪ Pain and swelling at elbow joint
▪ Limit ROM due to dislocation
▪ PIN neuropathy
▪ Radial deviation of hand with wrist extension
▪ Weakness of thumb extension
▪ Weakness of MCP extension
28. Imaging
▪ Radiographs
▪ AP and lateral view of elbow, wrist, and forearm
▪ CT scan
▪ Helpful in fractures involving coronoid, olecranon, and
radial head
30. Type I
- Fracture ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head
(most common in children and young adult)
- Direct blow to posterior aspect of elbow
31. Type II
- Fracture ulna with posterior dislocation of the radial head (70-
80% of adult Monteggia fracture)
- Longitudinal direction force on partially flexed elbow
32. Type III
- Fracture ulna with lateral dislocation of the radial head
- Varus stress on extended elbow
33. Type IV
- Fracture ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head
with radial shaft fracture
35. Associated injury
▪ Olecranon fracture/dislocation
▪ Radial head fracture
▪ Coronoid fracture
▪ tear of the annular ligament
▪ LCL injury
36. Treatment : pediatrics
▪ Non- Operative
▪ Closed reduction of ulna and radial head dislocation and long arm
casting for 6 weeks
Indication : Bado type I-III
type I,III - immobilize in 110o of flextion and full supination
type II - immobilize in 70o of flextion and full supination
37. Treatment : pediatrics
▪ Operative
▪ Plating of ulna + reduction of radial head ± annular ligament
repair/reconstruction
Indication :
1. Bado type I-III with
- radial head is not stable following reduction
- ulna length not stable (unable to maintain ulna length)
2. Acute Bado type IV
3. open fracture
38. Treatment : adult
▪ Operative
▪ ORIF of ulna ± Open reduction of radial head
Indication :
1. open or unstable fracture
2. comminuted fracture
3. most Monteggia in adults are treated surgically
39. Complication
▪ PIN or radial nerve palsy from anterior displacement of radial
head
-Spontanrous recovery in usual
▪ Non-union
▪ radiohumeral ankylosis
▪ radioulnar synostosis
▪ Recurrent radial head dislocation
60%
Fx site มี ant angulation, radial head ant dislocation
Type นี้มักมี PIN palsy ร่วมด้วย
posterior interosseous nerve may be wrapped around neck of radius, preventing reduction
15%
Post angulation
20%
Fx ulna metephysis
reduction:I,III - achieved w/ forarm in full supination, & longitudinal traction; - then elbow is gently flexed to > 90 deg to relax biceps; - radial head is gently repositioned by direct manual pressure anteriorly on the bone; - following reduction, radial head will be stable if left in flexion; - angulated ulnar shaft is reduced by firm manual pressure;
Reduced II by applying traction to forearm w/ the forearm in full extension; - immobilization is continued until there is union of the ulna; - this ordinarily requires 6-10 wks depending on the age of pt;
PIN ;
เกิดได้มากถึง 10% ใน acute injury, Tx: Obs 2-3 Mo หายเองได้ ถ้าไม่ดีขึ้นทำ nerve conduction study