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ACONCAGUA PROVINCIAL PARK
HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT
Exits Extrategies: Managing Human Waste in the Wild
July 30-31, August 1, 2010
Sebastian Rossi
Agustina Barros
P.Betancourt P.Betancourt
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
Aconcagua Provincial Park
Aconcagua
Provincial Park
Campsites
Localities
Peaks
Railway
Highway
Rivers
Natural Protected
Area System
Mendoza,
Argentina
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
Villalba et al, (2003)
Andes Centrales
de Chile-Argentina
Climate
•Cold and dry (above 4000m below 0°C)
•Freezing days all year round
•Strong winds (200 km/h)
•Water
•Mountain rivers
•Under ground water
•Glacier lakes
•Wetlands in meadows
Climate
•Cold and dry (above 4000m below 0°C)
•Freezing days all year round
•Strong winds (200 km/h)
•Water
•Mountain rivers
•Under ground water
•Glacier lakes
•Wetlands in meadows
Geology and Soils
U- shaped valleys, moraine deposits
Mountain glaciers
Thin soils, sandy loam
Meadows soils: rich in organic matter
Geology and Soils
U- shaped valleys, moraine deposits
Mountain glaciers
Thin soils, sandy loam
Meadows soils: rich in organic matter
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
Weather Forecast (July) Base Camp and High Altitude
Campsites (2010) Source: weatherforecast.com
Horcones Lake
Mulas and Canada
campsites
•>30.000 day
visitors
•8000
mountaineers
and trekkers
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
+ 250 private and
Park personnel
=120 days
+ 7000 mules
trampling
+ 250 private and
Park personnel
=120 days
+ 7000 mules
trampling
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
Human Waste Management Zones
2400-3000m
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
4500m-6962m
3000-3500m
3500-4500m
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
CAMPSITE SEASON # DAYS TOTAL
Horcones
Day visitors 30000 1 30000
Climbers & Trekkers 7000 1 7000
Park rangers 6 90 540
37540
liters of water 12
liters of sewage
discharges 450480
Confluencia
Day visitors 0 0 0
Climbers & Trekkers 5550 3 16650
private personnel 10 90 900
Park rangers 3 90 270
17820
liters of waater 12
liters of sewage
discharges 213840
Pampa de
Leñas
Day visitors 0 0 0
Climbers & Trekkers 1028 2 2056
private personnel 5 90 450
Park rangers 2 90 180
2686
liters of waater 12
liters of sewage
discharges 32232
P. Mulas & P.
Argentina &
High Altitude
Campsites
Day visitors 0 0 0
Climbers & Trekkers 4548 4 18192
private personnel 57 90 5130
Park rangers 9 90 810
24132
liters of waater 0.93
liters of sewage
discharges 22500
Front country toilets
•leaching field is in a alpine meadow
•water extraction and pollution in a fragile ecosystem – priority
conservation area
•Visitor Centre
•30.000 visitors
•700 people day
•Toilets, shower and dishwasher
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
MEADOWS
(2%)
MEADOWS
(2%)
septic tank pit
Low altitude toilets
toilets, shower and dishwashes exits
connected to the septic tank.
•chemical products (liquids) affect
the pit absorption capacity= new
pits constructed
• lixiviation to the soil
• pollution of under ground water
and river
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
1
2
3
4
Toilets base camps
P.Betancourt
Toilets high altitude
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
1 hour= USD 1500
Total= USD 315.540
Human waste= USD 25500 = 10%
NO3 (mg/l) December= 6.30
February= 27.70
NO3 (mg/l) = Not detected Campsite
Control
• percolation of urine and
some faecal matter on
permafrost soil
•relative high cost
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
Toilets high altitude
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
•nutrient enrichment from faecas matter and
urine scalds
•parasite diseases
• weeds invasion
MulesHuman wasteCampsitesTourismFeaturesIntroduction
THANKS!
sebadrossi@yahoo.com.ar
huincabarros@yahoo.com.ar

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Agustina Barros + Sebastian Rossi - Aconcagua National Park, Human Waste Management

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. 70.000 hecteres in total, declared in 1983, two main valleys Horcones and Vacas, 4500m altitudinal difference. Aconcagua Provincial Park is located in the Central Andes of Argentina, South America. The Park includes the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Mt. Aconcagua 6962 m, which attracts mountaineers and trekkers from all around the globe. It was declared protected area in 1983 and has park ranger’s presence since 1990. With an altitudinal range of more than 4500 m, it covers 70,000 hectares of the High Andes Ecoregion. It is characterized by a cold, dry climate with snow cover for more than 7 months of the year. Above 4100 m temperatures are below 0 °C all year round. There are two main valleys in the Park (Horcones and Vacas) and a total of 12 campsites from 2400 m up to 6300 m. All campsites are only accessed by foot, with transport of equipment and food done mainly by mules. All logistics, waste evacuation and rescue operations are undertaken by helicopter.
  2. Freezing days all year round above and below 4000m
  3. 5 main zones, the first 3 ones in the alpine zone. 7 months full snow covered. 2 main valleys Vacas and Horcones. Most visited Horcones. Infraestructure at the entrance and at campsites. More than 10 km between campsite to campsite. Control at the sites not along the trails. Trekkers up to 3500. No infrastructure above 6300. Nival zone start at 4500m.