The Maturation of LCA as a Basis for Sustainability Metrics across the Organization
•
0 gefällt mir•423 views
Discussions about life cycle assessment (LCA) usually center around either its tremendous promise for helping us make sense of the very complex questions posed by sustainability issues, or its occasional failure to live up to that promise - and the frustrations surrounding the resources required along with the limited issue LCA is competent to address. The sustainability community has learned a tremendous amount in recent years and one can now see a coming-of-age of LCA-based approaches that are more practical, more focused and more scientifically advanced than what was available just a few short years ago. This session will focus both on explaining these developments to the participants with a set of expert speakers, as well as offering active feedback. In particular, the session will look at how LCA has been maturing beyond its core and reliable applications, such as product carbon foot-printing, into applications that address many more types of questions with more reliable information. The themes to be presented will focus on how LCA has matured in dimensions of the subjects on which it is focused, the issues it is addressing, and the scale on which it is happening.
Empfohlen
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Ähnlich wie The Maturation of LCA as a Basis for Sustainability Metrics across the Organization
Ähnlich wie The Maturation of LCA as a Basis for Sustainability Metrics across the Organization (20)
Mehr von Sustainable Brands
Mehr von Sustainable Brands (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
The Maturation of LCA as a Basis for Sustainability Metrics across the Organization
- 1. The Maturation of LCA as a Basis for Sustainability Metrics Across the Organization Jon Dettling, Quantis @jondettling Cynthia Cummis, SASB @worldresources Greg Norris, Harvard Catherine Benoît, New Earth Elsa Olivetti, MIT Terry Swack, Sustainable Minds @sustainablemnds Susan Murphy, PE International @pe_experts Emmanuelle Aoustin, Quantis International @Quantis_intl Tom Gloria, Industrial Ecology Consultants @tgloria
- 2. Science-based target setting TAG // Stock-taking webinar // September 2014
- 3. Science-based target setting - refresher TAG // Stock-taking webinar // September 2014 To raise the ambition of corporate GHG reduction targets to support a transition to a low carbon economy and keep the planet below a 2 degree temperature rise www.sciencebasedtargets.org goal Enable science-based GHG reduction targets to become standard business practice for businesses objective expecte doutcom es • By the end of 2015 a group of leading multinational companies will have set science-based emissions reduction targets. • This initiative will also demonstrate to policy-makers the scale of ambition among leading companies to reduce their emissions and act as a positive influence on international climate negotiations.
- 4. Science-based target setting -where we are TAG // Stock-taking webinar // September 2014 UNGC joins the initiative as outreach partner Initial Consultation Workshop (London) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug www.sciencebasedtargets.org Project Kick-off Commissioning of Ecofys as technical consultant Conformation of Technical Advisory Group TAG – 1st Webinar Introduction TAG – 2nd Webinar Methodological Principles TAG – 3rd Webinar Initial Feedback Round Initial Consultation Workshop (Washington D.C) Work on methodology report and outreach strategy
- 5. Science-based targe setting -overview TAG // Stock-taking webinar // September 2014 1. 2ºC scenario 2. Value-added approach 3. Sectoral Ca rbon Inte nsity (tCO2 / USD) 2ºC Carbon Budget 2010 2050 decarbonisation approach www.sciencebasedtargets.org Global Emissions Time GDP 2ºC emissions tra je ctory Ca rb on Inte nsity Sec tor i Carbon Intensity Sector j Ca rbon Intensity Sector k 2ºC Ca rbon Budge t 2010 2050 Global Emissions Time In 2050, 41 to 72% lower emissions than in 2010. 10 – 18% per decade (compared to 2010) based on IPCC AR5 Generic decarbonisation pathway based on 2ºC carbon budget and expected economic growth Sector-specific decarbonisation pathway based on 2ºC carbon budget, expected sector activity and mitigation potential
- 6. Sectoral decarbonisation approach (SDA) -Coverage TAG // Stock-taking webinar // September 2014 Services / Commerc ial buildings Other transport Aviation Rail passenger transport Heavy road passenger transport Light road passenger transport Other Industry Pulp & Paper Chemicals & Petrochemicals Aluminium Iron & Steel Cement Power generation www.sciencebasedtargets.org AFOLU, 24% Buildings, 6% Transport, 14% Industry, 21% Other energy, 10% Elec tric ity and heat, 25% Agriculture soils Agriculture Land -use change Services / Commerc ial buildings Residenc ial buildings Other transport Aviation Rail passenger transport Heavy road passenger transport Light road passenger transport Other Industry Pulp & Paper Chemicals & Petrochemicals Aluminium Iron & Steel Cement Oil & Gas produc tion / Coal mining Energy industry, own use Heat Power generation IPCC Sectors Detailed Sectoral Breakdown SDA Coverage Ay About 60% of the global GHG emissions are covered by the SDA methodology. • Fossil fuel extraction and production not covered • Emissions from the residential sector (buildings) not covered • LULUCF emissions not covered (in version 1)
- 7. Handprinting of Benefits In Addition to Footprinting of Impacts 24 September 2014 Gregory A. Norris Co-Director, Sustainability and Health Initiative for NetPositive Enterprise Harvard School of Public Health
- 8. LCA Has Taught Us: Every product has a footprint. Many, in fact. CO2 Water Toxics Biodiversity Slavery And more…
- 9. We produce, buy and use products every day…
- 10. You’ll NEVER get your footprint to Zero.
- 11. Footprints are Half of the Story.
- 12. We Also Have Handprints
- 13. NetPositive: Give More than You Take
- 14. Handprints: Built on an LCA Foundation Same Impact Dimensions as Footprints – Environmental: Global warming, etc. – Social: Human rights, etc. Supply Chain and Life Cycle Scope Includes impacts outside your footprint Footprint Perspective: Shared Responsibility: rife with “multi-counting” → Nobody owns a Footprint Handprint Perspective: Shared Credit → Nobody owns a Handprint
- 15. A Handprint Means Changing BAU. What is Business as Usual? For an Individual: Last year's consumption, repeated. For a Business: Supplying this year's demand with last year's production and products.
- 16. Step 1: Reduce Your Footprint Pro's Nobody better than you to do it Learn about footprint reduction Wisdom of the ages recommended e.g., “charity begins at home”, etc. Con's Limited by the size of your footprint Generally faces diminishing returns
- 17. Your footprint Humanity's Footprint Don't constrain the good you can do by the harm you're currently causing
- 18. Step 2: Help Anyone/Everyone Reduce Theirs! Pro's Much bigger sandbox More more low-hanging fruit Wisdom of the ages recommends E.g., “don't hide it under a bushel...” Your footprint Humanity's Footprint
- 19. Step 3: Think Outside the Foot Restorative / generative action is unbounded. What Else is possible? Everyone's Footprint Your Footprint Clean up a beach, Plant a tree, Build a playground or school
- 21. Taking LCA into the social sustainability space September 24 2014 – Sustainable Brands Catherine Benoit Norris VP Social Sustainability New Earth
- 22. Supply Chain Risks Prevalence of issues and exploitation of workers is getting worse not better (Impactt, 2013) Increase in trade of intermediary inputs (WEF, 2012, WTO, 2013) Fires and building collapses in Bangladesh garment factories in past two years highlight how exposed companies are to labor and human rights risks. Companies from all sectors have specific risks to manage based on their supply chain geography and their sourcing of inputs.
- 23. Invitations and Requirements to Manage and Report Supply Chain Risks UN Business and Human Rights (Ruggie) Framework – Requiring Human Rights Due Diligence GRI G4 - reporting - Introducing the reporting on supply chain significant and potential negative Labour Rights and Human rights Impacts DJSI - ESG rating (Formalized process to identify supply chains sustainability Risks) ISO 26000 - Management - Due diligence and promoting SR in Value Chain California Transparency Act - Disclosing efforts to prevent, stop and mitigate child and forced labour in supply chain Dodd Franck Act/ Conflict minerals - Presence of conflict minerals in products and reasonable country of origin inquiry to understand and disclose aspects of the minerals in their supply chain
- 24. LCA = Methods + Models + Data
- 25. Social LCA Methods Why are methods needed? To enable the assessment of risks and performances throughout the value chain Social LCA requires its own Life Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment methods. Dynamic field with multiple methods published in LCA journals Initiatives providing multistakeholder or targeted stakeholder input
- 26. Social LCA Models Why are models needed? To inform about the supply chain activities, linkages and location Social LCA require geographic location information: •Global IO models (WIOD, GTAP, Exiopol) •Model including higher number of countries: GTAP
- 27. Social LCA Data Why are data needed? To support assessments by providing generic and site-specific information that will allow to identify hotspots and assess performances Social LCA requires its own data First comprehensive Social LCA data source: Can be used in Sima Pro – Open LCA and is being tested in GaBi
- 28. Socially Extending Environmental LCAs Process LCA: Augment foreground processes with worker-hours per unit of output Link foreground processes to SHDB for life cycle social risk assessment Process SHDB Input/Output LCA: Convert from original sectors (e.g., NAICS, ISIC) to GTAP
- 29. Labor Rights and Decent Work Human Rights Health and Governance safety Community Social Hotspots Database Applying LCA methods integrating social impacts enables capturing the full spectrum of sustainability issues across the full value chain Categorie s Themes Freedom of Association Child Labor Forced Labor Excessive working time Wage Assessment Poverty Migrant labor Unemployment Labor Laws Indigenous Rights High Conflicts Gender Equity Human Health Issues Injuries and Fatalities Toxics and Hazards Legal System Corruption Hospital Beds Drinking Water Sanitation Children Out of School Smallholder vs Commercial Farms
- 30. Some of the SHDB users
- 31. Used SHDB to study supply chains, and compared results with simpler “country-of-origin-based” assessment. “Our analysis underscores the importance of a life cycle-based approach to understanding and managing social risk in support of policies for socially sustainable development.”
- 32. Social LCA in education ENVR E-153 Social Responsibility in Product Supply Chains A semester long distance and on-campus class designed for students to develop the necessary skills to conduct Social Life Cycle Assessment •Social LCA becoming part of many LCA/ sustainable manufacturing/ design classes •International Life Cycle Academy (Barcelona) offers 3 days on-site course •New Earth offers 2 days online course
- 33. Thank you! New Earth – Social Hotspots Database project catherine@socialhotspot.org www.socialhotspot.org
- 34. Slide 34 Streamlined Assessment of Electrical and Electronic Products: Development of a Product Attribute to Impact Algorithm (PAIA) Method Elsa Olivetti, Natalia Duque Ciceri, Lynn Reis, Melissa Zgola, Siamrut Patanavanich, Huabo Duan, Randolph Kirchain Project manager: Suzanne Greene Materials Systems Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems Division
- 35. Product Attribute to Impact Algorithm (PAIA): The Basic PAIA Concept SliSdleid 3e5 35 Inputs Results Product Type Attributes Notebook 15 “ Screen 250 GB Hard drive Number of ports … • Minimum user input, attributes which are – Important • Significant effect on results • Viewed as critical by stakeholder – Knowable (Measurable at “low” cost) Type Laptop Class 15 “ Screen 250 GB Hard drive 6 Layer PWB … Product Type Impacts MJ Energy Kg CO2 Gal H2O … Product Attribute to Impact Algorithm
- 36. SliSdleid 3e6 36 Realizing Quantitative Streamlined LCA: Tradeoff between Comprehensiveness and Specificity Comprehensiveness Specificity Idealized Goal Results precise Resource intensive Omissions indefensible Results accurate Targeted resources Significant uncertainty Scree ning
- 37. SliSdleid 3e7 37 Realizing Quantitative Streamlined LCA: Even with high uncertainty, targeted data & input meets goal Comprehensive, uncertain assessment Comprehensive, uncertain assessment Comprehensive, uncertain assessment Printed wiring boards Capacitors Bulb technology Data Refinement Priorities Uncertainty in Result Sufficiency Specificity Initial Result Targeted Data Refinement Targeted User Input
- 38. Slide 38 Example of Screening Approach: Run analyses with more generalized category Cast Iron Increased Variation Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems Division Olivetti, 2013 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Iron Cast Iron Cast Iron Cast Iron Sand Casted Iron Pig Iron Pig Iron Iron Increased Specificity and Cost Level 5 Level 4 Level 3
- 39. Comprehensive Probabilistic Screening: Analysis breakdown by LC phase SliSdleid 3e9 39 95% of statistical trials indicate that 90% of the impact attributed to * transport phase Matls & Mfg and Use phase
- 40. Comprehensive Probabilistic Screening: Analysis of Components (Matls & Mfg.) SliSdleid 4e0 40 95% of trials indicate that 75% of the impact attributed to LCD, Mainboard, and Chassis
- 41. Slide 41 Developing Attribute to Impact Algorithms Estimating Printed Wiring Board Area Area Thickness RAM HDMI Product Attributes Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems Division
- 42. Slide 42 Tablet tool example Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems Division
- 43. Slide 43 Evaluating Model Performance How good is good enough? Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems Division Probability density A Probability density B Example: FS = 10% μ GWP (kgCO2e) A μB Probability FS FS = False Signal Rate