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1. Android
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
BY ABHIANDROID

2. Table of contents
• About Android
• History andVersion
• Software Stack
• Core Building Blocks
• Android Emulator
• Installing software
• Setup Eclipse
• DalvikVM
• AndroidManifest.xml
• R.java
• Questions & Answers

3. About Android
• Android is a software package and linux based operating system for
mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones.
• It is developed by Google and later the OHA (Open Handset Alliance).
Java language is mainly used to write the android code even though
other languages can be used.
• The goal of android project is to create a successful real-world
product that improves the mobile experience for end users.
• It is open-source.
• Anyone can customize the Android Platform.
• There are a lot of mobile applications that can be chosen by the
consumer.
• It provides many interesting features like weather details, opening
screen, live RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds etc.

4. Android History
• Initially, Andy Rubin founded Android Incorporation in Palo Alto,
California, United States in October, 2003.
• In 17th August 2005, Google acquired android Incorporation. Since then,
it is in the subsidiary of Google Incorporation.
• The key employees of Android Incorporation are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,
Chris White and Nick Sears.
• Originally intended for camera but shifted to smart phones later because
of low market for camera only.
• Android is the nick name of Andy Rubin given by coworkers because of
his love to robots.
• In 2007, Google announces the development of android OS.
• In 2008, HTC launched the first android mobile.

5. Android versions
Version Code name API Level
1.5 Cupcake 3
1.6 Donut 4
2.1 Eclair 7
2.2 Froyo 8
2.3 Gingerbread 9 and 10
3.1 and 3.3 Honeycomb 12 and 13
4.0 Ice Cream Sandwitch 15
4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 Jelly Bean 16, 17 and 18
4.4 KitKat 19
5.0 Lollipop 21

6. Android Software Stack
• linux kernel
• native libraries (middleware),
• Android Runtime
• Application Framework
• Applications

7. Android Core Building Blocks
• The core building blocks or fundamental components of android
are:
• activities
• Views
• Intents
• Services
• content providers
• Fragments
• AndroidManifest.xml.

8. Android Emulator
• Android Emulator is used to run, debug and test the android
application. If you don't have the real device, it can be the best
way to run, debug and test the application.
• It uses an open source processor emulator technology called
QEMU.
• The emulator tool enables you to start the emulator from the
command line.
• In case of Eclipse IDE, you can createAVD byWindow menu >AVD
Manager > New.
• In the given image, you can see the android emulator, it displays
the output of the hello android example.

9. Installing software
• Android supports java, c++, c# etc. language to develop android
applications. Java is the officially supported language for android.
All the android examples of this site is developed using Java
language and Eclipse IDE.
• Here, we are going to tell you, the required softwares to develop
android applications using Eclipse IDE.
• There are two ways to install android: by ADT Bundle, by Setup
Eclipse Manually.

10. Setup Eclipse
• Install the JDK
• Download and install the Eclipse for developing android
application
• Download and Install the android SDK
• Intall the ADT plugin for eclipse
• Configure the ADT plugin
• Create the AVD
• Create the hello android application

11. Dalvik Virtual Machine | DVM
• The DalvikVirtual Machine (DVM) is an android virtual machine
optimized for mobile devices. It optimizes the virtual machine for
memory, battery life and performance.
• The Dex compiler converts the class files into the .dex file that run
on the DalvikVM. Multiple class files are converted into one dex
file.
• The javac tool compiles the java source file into the class file.
• The dx tool takes all the class files of your application and
generates a single .dex file. It is a platform-specific tool.
• The Android Assets PackagingTool (aapt) handles the packaging
process.

12. Dalvik Virtual Machine | DVM

13. AndroidManifest.xml
• The AndroidManifest.xml file contains information of your
package, including components of the application such as
activities, services, broadcast receivers, content providers etc.
• It is responsible to protect the application to access any protected
parts by providing the permissions.
• It also declares the android api that the application is going to use.
• It lists the instrumentation classes.The instrumentation classes
provides profiling and other information's.These information's are
removed just before the application is published etc.
• This is the required xml file for all the android application and
located inside the root directory.

14. R.Java
• Android R.java is an auto-generated file by aapt (Android Asset
PackagingTool) that contains resource IDs for all the resources of
res/ directory.
• If you create any component in the activity_main.xml file, id for
the corresponding component is automatically created in this file.
This id can be used in the activity source file to perform any action
on the component.
• If you delete R.jar file, android creates it automatically.

15. For step by step learning of Android App
Development visit http://abhiandroid.com
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