Undang-undang perlembagaan.

1. PENJAWAT
AWAM
Per 132 & 135

2. Terminologi
• Perkhidmatan awam – public service
• Interpretation Act "public office" is defined as an
office in any of the public services.
• A public officer (penjawat awam) means “a person
lawfully holding, acting in or exercising the functions
of a public service”.

3. Apa itu Perkhidmatan Awam
Majlis Angkatan
Tentera
Perkhidmatan
Kehakiman dan
Perundangan
Perkhidmatan Awam
Persekutuan
Suruhanjaya Pasukan
Polis
Perkhidmatan
Bersama
Perkhidmatan Awam
Negeri
Suruhanjaya
Perkhidmatan
Pendidikan

4. Bukan Perkhidmatan Awam
Anggota pentadbiran Persekutuan @ Negeri (Kabinet &
EXCO Negeri)
Yang diPertua DN,Yang diPertua DR,TimbalanYang
dipertua DN/DR,Yang diPertua/Timbalan DUN, ahli-ahli
Majlis Parlimen @ DUN
Hakim Mahkamah Persekutuan, Mahkamah Rayuan dan
MahkamahTinggi
Jawatan mana-mana Suruhanjaya/Majlis yang
ditubuhkan oleh Perlembagaan Persekutuan/Negeri
Jawatan Diplomatik yang ditetapkan olehYdPA melalui
perintah

5. Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad & Ors v Datuk
Seri Mohd Najib binTun Haji Abdul Razak
[2017] MLJU 1941
• Is the Prime Minister a public officer?
[48] It is critically important to keep in mind that
under the Interpretation Acts, there is only one
meaning assigned to the words “public office”, and
that is “an office in any of the public services”. In
the face of this meaning, it will be stretching the
imagination to suggest that the Prime Minister of
Malaysia is a federal officer in the general public
service of the Federation.
Diikut dalam, Tony Pua Kiam Wee v Dato' Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun
Hj Abdul Razak & Anor - [2018] 8 MLJ 43

6. Kebebasan Penjawat Awam
Suruhanjaya Reid:
40. The first essential for ensuring an efficient administration is
that the political impartiality of the public service should be
recognised and safeguarded. ….best secured by recognising the
service as a corporate body owing its allegiance to the Head of
the State and so retaining its continuous existence irrespective
of changes in the political complexion of the government of the
day. The public service is necessarily and rightly subject to
ministerial direction and control in the determination and
execution of government policy, but in order to do their job
effectively, public servants must feel free to tender advice to
Ministers, without fear or favour, according to their views of the
merits of a case…

7. Samb…
41. One of the most essential ingredients of a
contented and efficient service is that promotions
policy should be regulated in accordance with
publicly recognised principles. The Service must
feel confident that promotions will be determined
impartially on the basis of official qualifications,
experience and merit..
42. Similarly, a reasonably security of tenure and
an absolute freedom from the arbitrary
application of disciplinary provisions are
essential foundations of a public service…

8. Tempoh memegang Jawatan
• “selama diperkenankan olehYdPA” bagi Persekutuan
• “selama diperkenankan oleh Raja atauYang di-Pertua Negeri” bagi
Negeri
• Governmant of Malaysia v Mahan Singh [1975] 2 MLJ 155
• YdPA mempunyai kuasa untuk memecat jika penjawat awam
didapati tidak membawa kebaikan kepada kepentingan awam.
• Suffian LP:
• “government employment being for the good of the public, it must
not continue when it is no longer for the public good; it is essential
for the public good that the Crown should not be hampered in
dismissing a servant whose continuance in office it deems
detrimental to the best interests of the State and its good
government, by any fear of suits in reprisal; indeed such continuance
in office may be a danger to the community.”
• “a pensionable public officer has no right, no lien, no title to his post”

9. Pengarah PelajaranWP & Ors v LootTingYee
[1982]1 MLJ 68 (FC)
Permohonan kajian semula kehakiman terhadap arahan pertukaran keTerengganu
atas alasan arahan dibuat secara mala fide.
Salleh Abas FJ
2 prinsip asas berhubung undang-undang berkaitan penjawat awam:
i. Jawatan dipegang atas perkenanYdPA; dan
ii. Kelayakan serta syarat perjawatan adalah ditetapkan oleh Baginda, sebagai
tambahan dan tertakluk kepada undang-undang yang dibuat oleh Parlimen.
Tiada sekatan kepada kuasa tersebut, namun Perlembagaan mengenakan tatacara
yang perlu diikuti.
“...a civil servant holds office during pleasure, not only the length of his service
is subject to pleasure but the time and place of his service is also subject to
pleasure. The only difference is that as regards to dismissal and reduction in
rank procedural safeguards contained in Art 135 must be observed, whereas in
case of transfer and other matters no such safeguards nee d be followed. ‘”
Seperti kes Mahan Singh, kuasa penamatan perkhidmatan yang dilaksana oleh
YdPA tidak boleh dipertikai, walaubagaimanapun dalam kes Mahan Singh MP
melihat samada pliding ada mengambarkan mala fide dan ini tidak ada
didalam pliding.

10. TIDAKTERPAKAI KEPADA
Peguam Negara
Anggota kakitangan peribadiYdPA
@ Raja @YdPN
Negeri Melaka & PP:Yang dipertua
JHEA, Setiausaha JHEA, Mufti, Kadi
Besar @ Kadi

11. Sekatan bagi pembuangan kerja/penurunan
pangkat Per 135
(1)Tidak boleh dilakukan oleh seorang yang
berpangkat lebih rendah daripada pihak
berkuasa yang pada masa pembuangan @
penurunan pangkat, mempunyai kuasa
untuk melantik anggota yang sama
pangkatnya.
(2) Hendaklah diberi “peluang yang
menasabah untuk didengar”

12. Peluang yang menasabah untuk didengar
boleh diketepikan jika
(a) Pertuduhan jenayah
telah dibuktikan;
(b) Hal tersebut tidak
semunasabahnya dapat
dilaksanakan, hendaklah
direkodkan;
(c) Atas keperluan
kepentingan keselamatan
Persekutuan atau mana-
mana bahagiannya hal ini
tidak suaimenfaat
diadakan;
(d) Jika terdapat perintah
tahanan, pengawasan, kediaman
terhad, buang negeri telah dibuat
terhadapnya @ jika apa-apa
bentuk sekatan @ opengawasan
dengan bon @ selainnya telah
dikenakan dibawah undang-
undang keselamatan Persekutuan
@ mana-mana bahagiannya
berhubungan dengan
keselamatan Persekutuan @
mana-mana bahagiannya,
pencegahan jenayah, tahanan
pencegahan, kediaman terhad,
buang negeri, imigresen @
perlindungan wanita dan gadis.

13. Peluang yang menasabah untuk
didengar
• Hak untuk didengar
(audi alteram partem)
• Setiap orang
hendaklah diberi
peluang untuk
menyatakan kes bagi
membela diri
• Larangan berat
sebelah (nemo judex
in causa sua)
• Seseorang tidak boleh
menjadi pengadil bagi
kesnya sendiri.

14. Hak
untuk
didengar
Hak untuk
hadir
perbicaraan
Dimaklumkan
dakwaan
Diberi peluang
menjawab dakwaan

15. Larangan bersikap berat sebelah
Surinder
Singh
Kanda
Tiada
unsur
berat
sebelah
Kuasa
memecat.
Kuasa
memecat
dilaksana
oleh pihak
yang betulAdakah hajk
untuk
didengar telah
diberikan
dengan
menasabah?
Hak
berkenaan
telah diberi
dengan
menasabah
Adakah
terdapat unsur
berat sebelah
ketika
prbicaraan kes
disiplin?

16. Surinder Singh Kanda
• the Commissioner of Police after 31st August,
1957, still had the power to appoint superior police
officers and therefore there was nothing in Article
135(1) which affected his power under section 45
of the Police Ordinance to dismiss such officers in
general and Inspector Kanda in particular
Kuasa
memecat
terletak kepada
Suruhanjaya
Polis
• Mahkamah mendapati Pl
mempunyai pengetahuan
mengenai prosiding kerana
beliau adalah terlibat dengan
siasatan. Ms 128-129 I & A
Hak untuk
didengar telah
diberikan

17. • whether there was any real likelihood of Mr. Strathairn being
prejudiced in any way by having sight of the report of the Board
of Inquiry I would repeat some of what I have said in relation to
Inspector Kanda. Mr. Strathairn was a Police Officer and having
reached the position of being Chief Police Officer in the State of
Penang it is safe to assume that he was a Police Officer of very
long experience and one very familiar with the organisation and
ways of the Police Force, even although as he himself admitted
in evidence this was the first occasion on which he had acted as
Adjudicating Officer in a case of this sort. By reason of having
seen the statements made before the Board of Inquiry, which it
was necessary he should see by reason of the nature of the
procedure at a Police Orderly Room and having seen the charges
on which he was instructed to adjudicate he would have been
well aware of the contents of the Board's report even if he had
not seen it. Some of the actual words used by the Board are
perhaps peculiar. The actual words, however, are of little
importance. To any experienced Police Officer, to Mr. Strathairn
and to Inspector Kanda alike, given the statements and given the
charges it was as clear as a pike-staff that the Board had formed
the opinion that Inspector Kanda had played a leading part in an
attempt to produce what would have been a miscarriage of
justice.That in the nature of things was unavoidable.
Tiada
bias

18. Bagaimana berat sebelah boleh berlaku
• Apabila ada unsur permusuhan;
• Darashan Singh v Farid Kamal Hussain (Sued on
Behalf and for the Board of Members and Kelab
Sukan Pulau Pinang) [2005] 3 MLJ 502
• Apabila ada hubungan kekeluargaan.
• Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang v Syarikat
Bekerjasama-sama Serbaguna Sungai Gelugur
denganTanggungan. [1999] 3 MLJ 1

19. MetramacCorporation Sdn Bhd (formerly known as Syarikat
Teratai KG Sdn Bhd) v Fawziah Holdings Sdn Bhd;Tan Sri Halim
Saad & Che Abdul Daim Hj Zainuddin (interveners) [2007] 5 MLJ 501
• Samada kenyataan yang dibuat oleh HMR ketika
perbicaraan di MR mengambarkan sikap berat sebelah.
• Richard Malanjun CJ (S&S): ‘a departure from the
standard of even-handed justice which the law requires
from those who occupy judicial office or those who are
commonly regarded as holding a quasi-judicial office,
such as an arbitrator. The reason for this clearly is that
having to adjudicate between two or more parties; he
must come to his adjudication with an independent mind,
without any inclination or bias towards one side or other
in the dispute.’ — per Lord Thankerton in the English case
of Franklin v Minister of Town & Country Planning [1948]
AC 87

20. TERIMA KASIH