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Literature and Journalism
REFERENCE American Heritage Dictionary of English Language Fourth Edition. New York
Houghton 2009.
American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy Third edition New York Houghton Mifflin
Co. 2006
Glencoe Literature; The Readers Choice Columbus Glencoe/McGraw–Hill 2003
Hudson,W.H An Introduction to the Study of Literature. Harrap 1963
Ousby, I. Cambridge Guide to Literature in English Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1996.
Hornsby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English. OUP 2005
MASENO UNIVERSITY
FACULTY : ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE
UNIT CODE: ALI 805
UNIT TITLE: LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM
TASK: Difference between Literature and...show more content...
There is nothing wrong with the Nigerian land or climate or water or air or anything else.
He uses literary techniques like alliteration (simply and squarely), and repetition of the word wrong
to create emphasis.
Clarke says that literature and journalism have different criteria for the truth. The ethics of
journalism indicate that the main distinction between literature and journalism is based on the
contents. Journalists must present facts– whether they are using the genre of narrative journalism or
any other journalistic genre. Journalists are required to research their stories (Hvid, 2000).
Journalism must be true whereas writers of literature are allowed to lie. What the journalist writes
must be true in the sense that it can be documented by reference to a named source or actual
circumstances. For instance what Barrack Obama wrote in Dreams from My Father is true and can
be documented. It is a story about his life; the places and even people mentioned in the book are real.
Fiction writers invent and make up stories. Literature does not have to be true to any outside reality,
Hvid adds. In literature, the setting, characters, events and action are all in the writer's imagination
in as much as they may reflect reality. Sometimes the setting and characters can be out of this world,
for example in stories of fantasy that involves the mention of the supernatural as well as in science
fiction. Journalists must research their
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Essay about Elements of Journalism
Every day journalists face the stereotype of being ruthless, untrustworthy, and down right wrong.
However, what people don't realize is that in the beginning this was not the case and even in today's
society journalists are making a solid effort to fight that stereotype that so many bad journalists have
left. One of the ways that journalists are trying to fight back is through instituting the nine elements
of journalism: journalism's first obligation is to the truth, its first loyalty is to citizens, its essence is a
discipline of verification, its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover, it
must serve as an independent monitor of power, it must provide a forum for public criticism and
compromise, its must...show more content...
In the author's note Suskind gives us insight into how he collect his information and the process in
which he went through to put it all together. Suskind leaves himself open for questions and shares
the details of his journey with Cedric. No reporter in their right mind would be this open if they were
attempting to hide behind a false truth.
Journalism's first loyalty is to citizens. Kovach and Rosensteil give a perfect explanation of what
being loyal to the public means. ."..that the coverage is not self–interested or slanted for friends." In
order for journalism to serve its purpose it must be unbiased. Being an unbiased reporter means
looking at the situation from all angles and then integrating those angles in the story to give the
audience a 3D look at the story. As journalists we must fight against eliminating any angle that
would affect the story in any way. Suskind did an amazing job of showing all sides of the story. We
get to Cedric through the eyes of those that love him and those that don't, those that want him to
succeed and those that long for him to fail. Suskind goes above and beyond that most of these are
not mere glimpses but in–depth accounts with no sugarcoating.
The essence of journalism is a discipline of verification. Kovach and Rosensteil state that verification
is what separates journalism from entertainment, propaganda, fiction, or art.
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Journalism Bias
The Effects of Journalism Bias in America
A quarter of all young adults in America are cannibals. While this statement is true, it is wildy
misleading. The undoctored statistic is roughly 25% of young adults in America bite their nails. It is
technically not incorrect to depict nail biters as cannibals, but this type of misleading manipulation
completely changes the meaning of the data. Rephrasing polls or surveys while retaining the same
data is just one of the many ways journalists use deception to mold the news into their desired bias.
An increase in journalism bias has coincided with the political polarization of America, and the links
between the two are frequent. With media as most Americans only way to stay educated on our
nation's issues, any flaws in reporting will have proliferating effects on the millions of Americans
watching. Since the dawn of media journalism, a bias has existed. Due to shifts within the networks
and liberal leaning education, this bias has grown into an uncontrollable beast that contributes to the
harsh political polarization of America. The creation and prosperity of a widespread journalism bias
is becoming more prevalent, resulting in an extremely partisan public and without addressing the
change, it will soon become a dilemma with no foreseeable method to reverse or correct the damage.
Background
The media has been used over the past 60 years by writers, producers, actors, and executives to
promote their ideology and mold Americans into
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My Passion For Journalism
When I was just a young, inexperienced kindergartner I always thought differently than the
children around me. I always had a thirst to discover how things work; I felt it was imperative that
I find out new things about government, science, cars, culture, religion, geopolitics and the world
around me. I was never afraid to ask questions to my wiser elders. Frankly, I would have done
anything to gain more information and knowledge, even if it meant an adult scoffing me because
the topics I desired to converse about were too advanced for my age.
As I got into middle school, I found my passion for journalism. I saw how closely my father would
follow the news, specifically issues in the Middle East, the land he had once lived in and
eventually fled due to war and poverty. My father's love of broadcast journalism inspired me to
want to follow the news as well. I enjoyed television and radio news; however, print was my
preferred medium. Since we did not have a newspaper subscription at home, I would bike to my
friend's house and he would hand me the Detroit Free Press after his father completed his morning
reading. I was always thrilled to open up the somewhat crumpled and out of order newspaper to
see what was going on in my community and around the globe. Once I became a freshman in high
school, I was headstrong that journalism would be my future career path. I knew it was an industry
that was suffering greatly and I knew journalists did not get paid well; but it did not
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The Importance Of Journalism
As a vital outlet for information, journalism is one of the most crucial tools that people are afforded.
However, journalism is trending in the wrong direction, as journalists feed readers low–quality
stories, and completely abandon the ideals that made journalism irreplaceable. In order to regain its
standing and respect within society, journalism must adhere to the SPJ Code of Ethics. If journalists
continue to desert the standards that allow it to be so respected, it will eventually regress to a point
where it is no longer a necessity. Neglecting these rules leads to inaccurate stories, along with bias
and false information. "The Edelman Trust...has seen public confidence drop to all–time lows,"
(Gilmore 2). The distrust around journalism grows daily, as readers acknowledge that the way
stories are written and how they are being reported is not proper or ethical. Journalists are supplied
with the tools and ability to create news in an ethical way, but it is the job of these reporters to take
advantage of this, and distinguish themselves from the current state of journalism.
Perhaps the biggest reason journalism needs change is the fact that there is no longer a focus to
report the truth, subsequently leading to inaccurate news. It has become more common for
journalists and the companies they work for to push the stories that draw the largest crowd, even
going so far as to distort stories to make them appear more fascinating. "Some of these platforms
encourage clickbait,"
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In a contemporary society, the role of journalism is a varied one that covers many different aspects
of people's lives. As more and more outlets spring up around the world, many more stories are able
to be covered by different outlets, and this means that journalism takes on a more and more
important role in a contemporary society. Much of our lives centre on political and social
happenings, and journalistic outlets are the public's way of finding all the information on these event.
Journalism also provides us with a way of finding out which of these stories are important and
deserve our attention, and which stories can be ignored. The important role of journalism can be
well observed in the recent coverage of the Trans–Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) in both
New Zealand and around the world. This is a ground breaking economic deal, and holds a great
deal of importance for the 800 million citizens of the countries involved, as well as the rest of the
world. With worldwide coverage of this deal, it is inevitable that different types of reporting
occurs, and that different outlets will provide different accounts. With so many different journalism
outlets around the world and locally, many have to have a way of standing out from the crowd.
This means that some extremely different coverage of very similar stories can occur. However it
can also simply be down to different ownership, differing political views, and different
socio–economic environments. Two outlets with
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Online Journalism : A New Form Of Journalism
The arrival of new media has significantly and drastically transformed the concept of journalism.
Traditional journalism promotes authenticity, reliable sourcing and valid evidence through major
media companies and the use of gate–keeping. This classic process is what provides factual
information to their following about current world issues which also creates a trust with their
audience. Citizen journalism is a new form of journalism that allows the general public to publish
online. Citizen journalists are given the opportunity to produce content that would normally only be
possible for professionally educated journalists otherwise. Now, publishing news–worthy stories
globally has been accessible for both classes of journalism as a result of new media. New media
has fundamentally changed the production of news regarding recent and important events as well as
the way we acquire it. It has permanently redefined the role of journalism by significantly improving
the process of news distribution for both traditional as well as citizen journalism.
Traditional journalism has benefitted from new media by utilizing social networking to remain
relevant globally. Social media has become prominent in today's society as this generation
significantly relies on the internet to obtain their news. Traditional journalists maintain their
standards by providing reliable material, filtering specific information being displayed to the public
with the process of gatekeeping to determine which
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Why Is Journalism Important? Essay
Why is journalism important? With the reference to the literature, critically assess the role of
journalism in a democratic society.
The responsibility of the awkward question has to be asked by someone and the journalist is the one
who craves this duty. They are the ones who grab the challenge with both hands and seek for the
truth. This is the essence of journalism and why it matters so much to free society. It's offerings of
informative answers in plain English make it accessible to all. In a democracy where politicians
believe their own spin and freely offer their viewpoint on current issues it is crucial for journalists
to actively seek information and knock on closed doors to reveal what is really happening.
However, this applies...show more content...
Journalism is also required to scrutinise government and big business. In his book The Universal
Journalist (2007) David Randell says that good reporters should: "...afflict the comfortable" and
"scrutinise the action and inaction of governments, elected representatives and public services." In
the case of government it is critical they are held to account for their actions so that they are
reminded of who's interests they are meant to represent. In many cases journalism applies restraints
on government. By alerting people to various amendments and bills that are planned for discussion
in the houses of government public opinion can be expressed in favour or opposition and limit the
actions of those in power as well as dictate policy in many cases. This is one of the reasons that
journalism is known as the Fourth Estate. Due to the power it wields the collective nature of
journalists is ranked after the institutions of Lord Spiritual (Clergymen of the House of Lords), Lords
Temporal (Life peers of the House of Lords) and Commons (MPs in the House of Commons). Lord
Macaulay, a nineteenth century poet and politician, said on the matter: "The gallery in which
reporters sit has become a fourth estate of the realm." (Cole.P. 2005.)
As many members of the public are not permitted, or just do not have the time to sit in Parliament,
attend council meetings or listen to committee reports they must rely on the media to communicate
the facts to them. Looking at business the
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The Importance Of Journalism
Journalism plays a major role in aiding democracy and helping it function. It can shape the way we
view policies or how we view a particular candidate. Unfortunately, this can be sometimes forgotten
or overlooked in the midst of partisan debate, government shutdowns and the new insurgence of
"fake news". If we were able to put the absurdity of these issues to the side and focus on the real
impact of true raw journalism, we can open our eyes and mind to the impact news has on all our
political views. Let us look at the impact and effects that journalism is currently having on last year's
election and the political climate around the world. One could say that journalism provides the
public with governmental transparency and provides checks...show more content...
So, without the help of an investigative journalist this would have never been known to the public
and would have never caused chance in school policies.
The case was also similar when an investigative reporter revealed the conditions at a factory in
China producing the lovely Apple products we all seem to not be able to function without or live.
An investigative report revealed the harsh, at times deadly conditions under which Chinese
workers assembling iPhones and iPads live and work; the low pay and high turnover at Apple's
retail stores; the lengths to which Apple went to reduce its tax bill, and the shortsightedness of its
conclusion that Apples couldn't be manufactured in America (Duhigg) The finds by this
investigative report caused outrage and backlash on the Chinese and Apple from its loyal
customers. This would eventually cause an increase in wages for factory workers and better
working conditions. Workers within these factories begin to have rights and were no longer being
treated as cheap labor. , asked competitors to help curb excessive overtime in China, and reached out
to advocacy groups it once rebuffed. It publicly identified its suppliers for the first time. Apple also
announced after the scandal that it would invest $100 million to manufacture some computers in the
United States (Spaeth). Although the $100 million dollar investment in the US jobs was years later,
the real winner was the Chinese workers who now were
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Journalism Essay
Journalism
Today the term journalism is applied to prestigious publications such as The New York Times, and to
television news operations such as 60 Minutes and NBC Nightly News. " First amendment rights and
the democratic political environment of the united states have contributed to the uninhibited growth
of the news media in public and private communication."1 the world of journalism has changed
dramatically from the colonial days. When newspapers were just channels or devices of commercial
and political information.
SKILLS AND/OR APTITUDES
With the new changes in technology, it has changed the nature of the journalism industry, making it
vividly sophisticated and requiring a wide range of skills. There are four significant...show more
content...
Journalist should be ready to support, contradict, or explain the on–site reporting of a news event.
Part of becoming a good journalist is learning how to research and review until your eyes begin to
water. Journalist are always researching, whether it is talking on the phone with at least 2–20 people
a day, or interviewing 5 people a day. Respected journalists never trust anything until they can see
research, and find the answer for themselves. To be a successful journalist you must be willing to
spend long hours of researching, writing, and must be innovative, creative and aggressive.
Journalism is a demanding a job and very competitive many skills are necessary to be successful in
this field, but with time and effort it could be accomplished.
EDUCATION
Education is the key to making it somewhere important in this world; education is something no
one can take from you and is also necessary to become a journalist. To become a journalist you will
definitely need a high school diploma and at least 4 years of college. Half of the editors who hire
newcomers prefer journalism graduates, meanwhile the other half prefer people who have a broad
and deep knowledge of various subjects. How long you stay in school depends on where you
would like to work. Many reporters at the white house and other prestigious places went to school
beyond the normal four years. If
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International Journalism Essay
International Journalism
International news coverage in the United States has declined dramatically in the last two decades,
leaving the American public lacking in awareness of the world's diversity and beauty. This is
unacceptable. The public has access to many forms of media–radio, network and cable television,
newspapers, magazines and the Internet–yet lack a basic literacy in international issues. The media
no longer provides comprehensive coverage of world news. However, as a far–reaching medium,
American news media has an obligation to educate as well as inform the nation's populations.
Therefore, despite a post–Cold War political calm, competitive media markets, and fewer foreign
correspondents, news mediums must forge a...show more content...
Likewise, network news sliced the minutes of its world coverage as people began turning the
channel (See Appendix A).
The reduction of international stories in American news coincided with a general change toward
consumer–driven journalism. What began as basic good business, news sources strove to give
customers what they want by putting more weight in polls. However, this need to please for profits
has since overshadowed all else. Media venues like Internet news, news magazines, reformed
newscasts are born by the minute, all seeking to tap into profitable audiences (Dennis, Merrill,
p.221). Journalistic quality and content has taken the back seat to the shrewdly delivered big boom
stories of violence, tragedies, celebrities–stories that can be packaged with colorful graphics and
photos–stories that catch readers' eyes and get them to buy.
Editors, faced with the facts that readers don't purchase or watch international stories, have cut
back coverage to give room for more splashy stories. Editor of Media Industry Newsletter, Steven
Cohen, complied the following list of some of the worst selling magazine covers in 1994:
Newsweek, "Bosnia's Anne Frank," February 28; New Yorker, Yasir Arafat, May 16; U.S. News &
World Report, Nelson Mandela, May 9; Business Week, "China: How Much Change?" June 9
(Hohenberg, p88). Given such statistics, and increasingly competitive media venues, news sources
have sacrificed international
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Essay on journalism
When journalism is chosen as a career, society tends to have a stereotypical image of a group of
photographers chasing celebrities. If not, then an image of an anonymous person writing biased
comments about current affairs, trying to manipulate the truth. However, their real work earns them
every cent they deserve unlike the heartless lawyers who earns millions for defending criminals. The
work of journalism, on the hand, consists of interviewing and attending events in all conditions in
order to gather news and information for public interest. This is followed by further research into the
background information then assessing suitability of reports and articles for public. The process is
much more difficult than expected, especially with...show more content...
Some other requirements may be learnt in further education after senior high school, such as
understanding laws of defamation, contempt and copyright.
To find a career in journalism, two options are provided but both require a pass in the year 12 HSC
with preferably good results in English. The first option would be to study a degree at university
for three years followed by a one year graduate cadetship, which is on–the–job training by
professional journalists. The other alternative is undertaking a three year cadetship to gain experience
and training under supervision of senior journalists. Although this is more common than study at
university, there is a large competition for cadetships.
One of the reasons for competition of cadetships may be due to the income being the biggest
attraction of journalism. Although most enters the career due to passion or natural talents, there is
no doubt that the income would be an incentive. This is only reasonable as journalism can be seen
as a risky job, especially during the research of information. If there was any danger, income would
be the main compensation. As common sense, money is essential for survival and the average
income of journalism is adequate. According to the Bureau of Statistics a rational amount of
journalists may earn the same or more income than doctors and lawyers under different
circumstances. Even though the income for journalist is appealing,
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Basics Journalism
The term "journalism" has taken on many definitions in the past two decades. It is no longer about
television, print and radio content, but the digitalization of content. Today's journalists are expected
to go beyond traditional journalistic practices. They need to know how to be experts in digital
reporting and publishing. By providing tips on how to organize data digitally, build websites, build
an audience, create video, audio and photographed content, editing and publishing this content,
Briggs covers all areas of digital journalism. Briggs book, consisting of 11 chapters, is divided into
three sections including basics, multimedia storytelling and editing/decision making in journalism.
UNIT 1: BASICS OF JOURNALISM
News companies started using digital technologies nearly 20 years ago. This required professionals
in the industry to change their traditional practices and evolve to the new way of producing content.
This change has not been immediate, but according to Briggs, online technologies allow us to gather
information better, communicate better and create better journalism.
All journalists should have a basic understanding of web design including HTML, CSS and XML
coding. Those who know learn how do this have control over how information is displayed and
distributed on the Web.
All journalists should have a blog. A blog should consist of a good headline, several links, photos
and screen shots. Bloggers should also read and comment on other people's blogs in
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My Interest In Journalism
My interest in journalism starts not only from my passion for reading and writing, but from my
personality; I like to be aware of what's happening around me. Journalists never fail to update me,
and the world, of current events: it is a constant stream of information to the public. Journalism
covers a vast variety of subjects like current events and sports to the Kardashians and dogs who
sing. Journalists are able to take any story and give it to the people; they allow people to see
international problems and provide them with possible answers.
"These insights and abilities to construct, codify, and communicate stories stirs my interest in
journalism." Or if you are wanting to reference your own "things" you could say something like,
"Journalism's effects on me and my own potential to affect others through my work drives me to
pursue the journalism field." This is one thing that excites me about journalism: the potential of my
own work, and the knowledge I obtain suddenly available to the public.
As a child, storytelling opened a new world of imagination, this eventually sparked my interest in
journalism. Listening to and observing my teacher read each line, it was magical to me. Now,
reading a mixture of newspapers and articles about world events has intensified my thoughts of
international events and the public domain. BBC and Daily Mail, two of my favorite news stations,
are two major news broadcasters that report everyday world problems. These UK–based stations have
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Journalism And Culture Of Journalism
Journalism and culture are dominant, impactful pillars of society, sharing an inextricable
relationship. Yet, the extent and influence of this relationship resists absolute categorisation, given
its symbiotic nature, and fluid parameters. To assert journalism exclusively or exhaustively reflects
culture would be flawed, as systemic social, political, and financial factors also shape cultural
definitions. Equally, to posit journalism does not impact cultural perceptions would be erroneous, due
to journalism's agenda–setting role. Additionally, the pluralistic, contradictory cultural landscape
dictates relationships between journalism and culture are innately elusive. Realistically, definitions of
this relationship can be neither absolute, nor finite, but instead must develop alongside cultural
evolutions, recognising underlying nuances. Accordingly, this essay aims to demonstrate that, while
journalism does express a culture in which it resides, it does not representatively express the entire
culture in which it resides. Instead, journalistic cultural expressions overwhelmingly reinforce
dominant, male–centric cultures, from which journalism benefits, and to which it contributes. Thus,
rather than wholly expressing cultures, journalism expresses a dominant culture, thereby
undermining and underrepresenting marginalised sub–cultures, and representing narrow fragments
of broader cultures.
To substantiate these claims, three overarching topics will be addressed. Firstly,
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Essay On Yellow Journalism
Yellow journalism was a major issue in the late 1890s during the Spanish–American War. The
purpose of yellow journalism is to use headlines and report sensational events that draws the
attention of the audience in order to sell more newspapers, even if the facts used were not legitimate.
Yellow journalism came to an end with the development of objective journalism, which reports facts
that are not biased. With the rise of social media, yellow journalism and "fake news" are making a
comeback and becoming a "norm" in modern society. The rise of social media is contributing to the
amount of yellow journalism and fake news that is occurring, which is ultimately leading to party
polarization. Yellow journalism originated in the 19th century...show more content...
Objective journalism originated in response to yellow journalism. Objective journalism is
reporting facts rather than opinions and presents both sides of the partisan debate. Objective
journalism became the new norm of society and ultimately eliminated most of yellow journalism.
With the development of cable television and FM radio, the news began to take a more partisan
role and led to the increase of party polarization, which is the further divide between Republicans
and Democrats. With the rise of social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, the creation of "fake
news" is becoming imminent. Today, news organizations are using the tactics of yellow
journalism in politics to gain the attention of the audience and provide false facts that produce a
major response from the viewers. Ideas and propaganda material are able to spread faster and to a
wider range of people through social media. Much of this material is "fake news" that usually
discredits one of the political parties, Republicans or Democrats. With the wide spread of this
negativity toward one party, the opposing party strengthens its ideals and ultimately leads to
increased party polarization. The journal, Correlating Political Polarization and Spread of
Misinformation, by Manoel Horta Ribeiro, claims that social media is contributing to an increase in
party polarization due to the increasing
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Essay on journalism
A journalist is someone who works in the news gathering business, such as a
photographer, editor or reporter. Journalism is all around us. It dominates television and
surrounds us in the vast publishing industry of popularization. Journalism influence our
perspectives on issues concerning us. In other words, its undeniable that journalism has
a deep impact on our lives.
There are two sides to journalism – good journalism and bad journalism.
According to K. Minogue, the journalist has the power to mould the information they receive into
"propaganda" or they could just report the news with additions of both side of the story. Journalism
could even cause a political uproar like uncovering the Watergate scandal that forced...show more
content...
A dishonest journalist would face
charges by the court.
Being independent would mean that there is no government influence in the media.
The Singapore Press Holding (SPH), the leading newspaper publisher in
Singapore, is a private holding company. However, the Singapore government has a
system of controlling every media outlet through annual licensing requirements. Several
foreign news organizations have been fined in Singapore like The Economist magazine.
It seems to Bill Kovach, a journalist and writer for forty years and the founding director of the
Committee of Concerned Journalists and its programs that the government and journalism work hand
in hand together. He states,
Without journalism, without a steady, reliable flow of independent information without which the
creation, care and continuation of a public opinion would not be possible – self government would
disappear. Journalism and self government will rise or fall together. ( Kovach B , 2002 )
Thus, I believe that the publishers in Singapore should not a be totally independent of the
government as through journalism, it would help to increase understanding between the government
and the public.
Defending the principle of tight regulation of the media, at a meeting with journalists in December
(2004), Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore Minister Mentor, said,
The role of journalists in Singapore is that of contributing to the nation's development and is not
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Essay on Objectivity in Journalism
Objectivity in Journalism
Merriam Webster defines objectivity as expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived
without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations. Objectivity, as defined by the
school of media ethics, means standing so far from the community that you see all events and all
viewpoints as equally distant and important, or unimportant for that matter. It is employed by giving
equal weight to all viewpoints––or, if not, giving all an interesting twist, within taste. The result is a
presentation of facts in a true non–partisan manner, and then standing back to "let the reader decide"
which view is true.
By going about it this way, we are defining objectivity not by the way we go about...show more
content...
If the ideal of objectivity is hard to grasp, then perhaps better words are fair, impartial, neutral or
balanced. It is the last concept of balance that is in practice each day for journalists. Each story a
journalist writes must present the facts accurately and provide a balanced view of both sides of the
issue. For example, if a journalist finds accurate information about the mayor stealing funds from the
public, the mayor must be given the opportunity to respond and explain the circumstances.
The notion that journalists must maintain "objectivity" is a relatively new concept. The early
American publishers were involved in politics and helped bring about the Revolution. Thomas Paine
is admired for his words on freedom for the common man, and in motivating the colonies to rebel
against the British Redcoats. Thomas Paine wrote, "These are the times that try men's souls. The
summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country;
but he that stands it NOW, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."
I love the Internet as a journalistic platform, but I certainly see that it has as many flaws as traditional
journalism. When I see the constant barrage of attacks from political partisans on the right and the
left accusing journalists of being partial to the other side, If the journalists are getting attacked from
both sides, it probably means
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Citizen Journalism Essay
Citizen journalism is the concept of average citizens playing an active role in the media. Blogging,
social networks and participatory news sites have helped to contribute to the growth of citizen
journalism. The idea of reporting instantly from any place at any time has grown to become a key
tool in journalism today.
A blog is a regular informal entry by an individual commenting on news stories or describing an
event. They can range in any topic from fashion to politics. A blogger can remove or add an entry
at any time with the use of the internet. Also bloggers do not have any editing or boundaries when it
comes to their pieces. Many newspapers have embraced the idea and use it as a tool to gain
perspective and gather information.
In...show more content...
Blogs cover more than the traditional news stories of crime and politics they go as far to cover
fashion, sports, hobbies and home and gardening. This is another reason why they are so popular.
Bloggers tend to reach out to a specific audience and make it easier to grasp the attention. They
want to relate to people specifically because a traditional press focuses on a broader audience.
Discovered by the Technorati State of the Blogosphere 2010 there has been a significant growth in
mobile blogging. Twenty five percent of bloggers are already engaged in mobile blogging and 40
percent of bloggers who use smart phones said that it changed the way they blog because it
encourages them to post shorter, more spontaneous posts.
Mom and women bloggers are another increasing trend in blogging today. Most of them blog
about brands and gender related issues. Most people see the mom blog as a way to get advice on
every day things such as family and cooking. It also is convenient because moms can stay at home
and blog. Women bloggers focus on their audience by publicizing major gender related issues and
advocating for equality. Igniting the interest of politicians, companies and the media to harness the
buying and voting power, women and mom bloggers are more popular than ever.
The changes of blogging are creating a positive medium not only for readers but for journalism as a
whole. It gives a different perspective on issues and also gives all issues a
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Reflection On Journalism
Taking the J1010 course offered many different perspectives of the journalism profession that I did
not know beforehand. Based on the materials presented in class and in the online lessons this
semester, my current career interests have changed compared to my interests at the beginning of the
semester. There were many lectures in this course that were interesting to me. In particular, a lecture
that stands out in my mind from taking this course is Professor Brian Kratzer's photojournalism
lecture. Prior to this class, I had never considered myself taking on a job dealing with the graphic or
design portion of journalism; I had always pictured myself strictly taking part in the writing aspect of
the profession. Professor Kratzer's lecture inspired me to consider branching out into
photojournalism classes next year, and to also imagine myself having a job focused on
photojournalism. I have always known that pictures are a major part of journalism, but seeing the
examples of pictures his past students had taken increased my interest on the subject. What initially
draws me to photojournalism is the fact that story–telling is still attainable and just as effective
through pictures. I still want to be involved with the writing process somehow in a future job, but
photojournalism is now an interest area that I am strongly considering. I am also planning on
minoring in art, so merging journalism and art would be helpful when seeking out a more artistic job
in the field. Another
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Journalism Essay

  • 1. Literature and Journalism REFERENCE American Heritage Dictionary of English Language Fourth Edition. New York Houghton 2009. American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy Third edition New York Houghton Mifflin Co. 2006 Glencoe Literature; The Readers Choice Columbus Glencoe/McGraw–Hill 2003 Hudson,W.H An Introduction to the Study of Literature. Harrap 1963 Ousby, I. Cambridge Guide to Literature in English Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1996. Hornsby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English. OUP 2005 MASENO UNIVERSITY FACULTY : ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT : LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE UNIT CODE: ALI 805 UNIT TITLE: LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM TASK: Difference between Literature and...show more content... There is nothing wrong with the Nigerian land or climate or water or air or anything else. He uses literary techniques like alliteration (simply and squarely), and repetition of the word wrong to create emphasis. Clarke says that literature and journalism have different criteria for the truth. The ethics of journalism indicate that the main distinction between literature and journalism is based on the contents. Journalists must present facts– whether they are using the genre of narrative journalism or any other journalistic genre. Journalists are required to research their stories (Hvid, 2000). Journalism must be true whereas writers of literature are allowed to lie. What the journalist writes must be true in the sense that it can be documented by reference to a named source or actual circumstances. For instance what Barrack Obama wrote in Dreams from My Father is true and can be documented. It is a story about his life; the places and even people mentioned in the book are real. Fiction writers invent and make up stories. Literature does not have to be true to any outside reality, Hvid adds. In literature, the setting, characters, events and action are all in the writer's imagination in as much as they may reflect reality. Sometimes the setting and characters can be out of this world, for example in stories of fantasy that involves the mention of the supernatural as well as in science fiction. Journalists must research their
  • 2. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Essay about Elements of Journalism Every day journalists face the stereotype of being ruthless, untrustworthy, and down right wrong. However, what people don't realize is that in the beginning this was not the case and even in today's society journalists are making a solid effort to fight that stereotype that so many bad journalists have left. One of the ways that journalists are trying to fight back is through instituting the nine elements of journalism: journalism's first obligation is to the truth, its first loyalty is to citizens, its essence is a discipline of verification, its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover, it must serve as an independent monitor of power, it must provide a forum for public criticism and compromise, its must...show more content... In the author's note Suskind gives us insight into how he collect his information and the process in which he went through to put it all together. Suskind leaves himself open for questions and shares the details of his journey with Cedric. No reporter in their right mind would be this open if they were attempting to hide behind a false truth. Journalism's first loyalty is to citizens. Kovach and Rosensteil give a perfect explanation of what being loyal to the public means. ."..that the coverage is not self–interested or slanted for friends." In order for journalism to serve its purpose it must be unbiased. Being an unbiased reporter means looking at the situation from all angles and then integrating those angles in the story to give the audience a 3D look at the story. As journalists we must fight against eliminating any angle that would affect the story in any way. Suskind did an amazing job of showing all sides of the story. We get to Cedric through the eyes of those that love him and those that don't, those that want him to succeed and those that long for him to fail. Suskind goes above and beyond that most of these are not mere glimpses but in–depth accounts with no sugarcoating. The essence of journalism is a discipline of verification. Kovach and Rosensteil state that verification is what separates journalism from entertainment, propaganda, fiction, or art. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Journalism Bias The Effects of Journalism Bias in America A quarter of all young adults in America are cannibals. While this statement is true, it is wildy misleading. The undoctored statistic is roughly 25% of young adults in America bite their nails. It is technically not incorrect to depict nail biters as cannibals, but this type of misleading manipulation completely changes the meaning of the data. Rephrasing polls or surveys while retaining the same data is just one of the many ways journalists use deception to mold the news into their desired bias. An increase in journalism bias has coincided with the political polarization of America, and the links between the two are frequent. With media as most Americans only way to stay educated on our nation's issues, any flaws in reporting will have proliferating effects on the millions of Americans watching. Since the dawn of media journalism, a bias has existed. Due to shifts within the networks and liberal leaning education, this bias has grown into an uncontrollable beast that contributes to the harsh political polarization of America. The creation and prosperity of a widespread journalism bias is becoming more prevalent, resulting in an extremely partisan public and without addressing the change, it will soon become a dilemma with no foreseeable method to reverse or correct the damage. Background The media has been used over the past 60 years by writers, producers, actors, and executives to promote their ideology and mold Americans into Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. My Passion For Journalism When I was just a young, inexperienced kindergartner I always thought differently than the children around me. I always had a thirst to discover how things work; I felt it was imperative that I find out new things about government, science, cars, culture, religion, geopolitics and the world around me. I was never afraid to ask questions to my wiser elders. Frankly, I would have done anything to gain more information and knowledge, even if it meant an adult scoffing me because the topics I desired to converse about were too advanced for my age. As I got into middle school, I found my passion for journalism. I saw how closely my father would follow the news, specifically issues in the Middle East, the land he had once lived in and eventually fled due to war and poverty. My father's love of broadcast journalism inspired me to want to follow the news as well. I enjoyed television and radio news; however, print was my preferred medium. Since we did not have a newspaper subscription at home, I would bike to my friend's house and he would hand me the Detroit Free Press after his father completed his morning reading. I was always thrilled to open up the somewhat crumpled and out of order newspaper to see what was going on in my community and around the globe. Once I became a freshman in high school, I was headstrong that journalism would be my future career path. I knew it was an industry that was suffering greatly and I knew journalists did not get paid well; but it did not Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. The Importance Of Journalism As a vital outlet for information, journalism is one of the most crucial tools that people are afforded. However, journalism is trending in the wrong direction, as journalists feed readers low–quality stories, and completely abandon the ideals that made journalism irreplaceable. In order to regain its standing and respect within society, journalism must adhere to the SPJ Code of Ethics. If journalists continue to desert the standards that allow it to be so respected, it will eventually regress to a point where it is no longer a necessity. Neglecting these rules leads to inaccurate stories, along with bias and false information. "The Edelman Trust...has seen public confidence drop to all–time lows," (Gilmore 2). The distrust around journalism grows daily, as readers acknowledge that the way stories are written and how they are being reported is not proper or ethical. Journalists are supplied with the tools and ability to create news in an ethical way, but it is the job of these reporters to take advantage of this, and distinguish themselves from the current state of journalism. Perhaps the biggest reason journalism needs change is the fact that there is no longer a focus to report the truth, subsequently leading to inaccurate news. It has become more common for journalists and the companies they work for to push the stories that draw the largest crowd, even going so far as to distort stories to make them appear more fascinating. "Some of these platforms encourage clickbait," Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. In a contemporary society, the role of journalism is a varied one that covers many different aspects of people's lives. As more and more outlets spring up around the world, many more stories are able to be covered by different outlets, and this means that journalism takes on a more and more important role in a contemporary society. Much of our lives centre on political and social happenings, and journalistic outlets are the public's way of finding all the information on these event. Journalism also provides us with a way of finding out which of these stories are important and deserve our attention, and which stories can be ignored. The important role of journalism can be well observed in the recent coverage of the Trans–Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) in both New Zealand and around the world. This is a ground breaking economic deal, and holds a great deal of importance for the 800 million citizens of the countries involved, as well as the rest of the world. With worldwide coverage of this deal, it is inevitable that different types of reporting occurs, and that different outlets will provide different accounts. With so many different journalism outlets around the world and locally, many have to have a way of standing out from the crowd. This means that some extremely different coverage of very similar stories can occur. However it can also simply be down to different ownership, differing political views, and different socio–economic environments. Two outlets with Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Online Journalism : A New Form Of Journalism The arrival of new media has significantly and drastically transformed the concept of journalism. Traditional journalism promotes authenticity, reliable sourcing and valid evidence through major media companies and the use of gate–keeping. This classic process is what provides factual information to their following about current world issues which also creates a trust with their audience. Citizen journalism is a new form of journalism that allows the general public to publish online. Citizen journalists are given the opportunity to produce content that would normally only be possible for professionally educated journalists otherwise. Now, publishing news–worthy stories globally has been accessible for both classes of journalism as a result of new media. New media has fundamentally changed the production of news regarding recent and important events as well as the way we acquire it. It has permanently redefined the role of journalism by significantly improving the process of news distribution for both traditional as well as citizen journalism. Traditional journalism has benefitted from new media by utilizing social networking to remain relevant globally. Social media has become prominent in today's society as this generation significantly relies on the internet to obtain their news. Traditional journalists maintain their standards by providing reliable material, filtering specific information being displayed to the public with the process of gatekeeping to determine which Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Why Is Journalism Important? Essay Why is journalism important? With the reference to the literature, critically assess the role of journalism in a democratic society. The responsibility of the awkward question has to be asked by someone and the journalist is the one who craves this duty. They are the ones who grab the challenge with both hands and seek for the truth. This is the essence of journalism and why it matters so much to free society. It's offerings of informative answers in plain English make it accessible to all. In a democracy where politicians believe their own spin and freely offer their viewpoint on current issues it is crucial for journalists to actively seek information and knock on closed doors to reveal what is really happening. However, this applies...show more content... Journalism is also required to scrutinise government and big business. In his book The Universal Journalist (2007) David Randell says that good reporters should: "...afflict the comfortable" and "scrutinise the action and inaction of governments, elected representatives and public services." In the case of government it is critical they are held to account for their actions so that they are reminded of who's interests they are meant to represent. In many cases journalism applies restraints on government. By alerting people to various amendments and bills that are planned for discussion in the houses of government public opinion can be expressed in favour or opposition and limit the actions of those in power as well as dictate policy in many cases. This is one of the reasons that journalism is known as the Fourth Estate. Due to the power it wields the collective nature of journalists is ranked after the institutions of Lord Spiritual (Clergymen of the House of Lords), Lords Temporal (Life peers of the House of Lords) and Commons (MPs in the House of Commons). Lord Macaulay, a nineteenth century poet and politician, said on the matter: "The gallery in which reporters sit has become a fourth estate of the realm." (Cole.P. 2005.) As many members of the public are not permitted, or just do not have the time to sit in Parliament, attend council meetings or listen to committee reports they must rely on the media to communicate the facts to them. Looking at business the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. The Importance Of Journalism Journalism plays a major role in aiding democracy and helping it function. It can shape the way we view policies or how we view a particular candidate. Unfortunately, this can be sometimes forgotten or overlooked in the midst of partisan debate, government shutdowns and the new insurgence of "fake news". If we were able to put the absurdity of these issues to the side and focus on the real impact of true raw journalism, we can open our eyes and mind to the impact news has on all our political views. Let us look at the impact and effects that journalism is currently having on last year's election and the political climate around the world. One could say that journalism provides the public with governmental transparency and provides checks...show more content... So, without the help of an investigative journalist this would have never been known to the public and would have never caused chance in school policies. The case was also similar when an investigative reporter revealed the conditions at a factory in China producing the lovely Apple products we all seem to not be able to function without or live. An investigative report revealed the harsh, at times deadly conditions under which Chinese workers assembling iPhones and iPads live and work; the low pay and high turnover at Apple's retail stores; the lengths to which Apple went to reduce its tax bill, and the shortsightedness of its conclusion that Apples couldn't be manufactured in America (Duhigg) The finds by this investigative report caused outrage and backlash on the Chinese and Apple from its loyal customers. This would eventually cause an increase in wages for factory workers and better working conditions. Workers within these factories begin to have rights and were no longer being treated as cheap labor. , asked competitors to help curb excessive overtime in China, and reached out to advocacy groups it once rebuffed. It publicly identified its suppliers for the first time. Apple also announced after the scandal that it would invest $100 million to manufacture some computers in the United States (Spaeth). Although the $100 million dollar investment in the US jobs was years later, the real winner was the Chinese workers who now were Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Journalism Essay Journalism Today the term journalism is applied to prestigious publications such as The New York Times, and to television news operations such as 60 Minutes and NBC Nightly News. " First amendment rights and the democratic political environment of the united states have contributed to the uninhibited growth of the news media in public and private communication."1 the world of journalism has changed dramatically from the colonial days. When newspapers were just channels or devices of commercial and political information. SKILLS AND/OR APTITUDES With the new changes in technology, it has changed the nature of the journalism industry, making it vividly sophisticated and requiring a wide range of skills. There are four significant...show more content... Journalist should be ready to support, contradict, or explain the on–site reporting of a news event. Part of becoming a good journalist is learning how to research and review until your eyes begin to water. Journalist are always researching, whether it is talking on the phone with at least 2–20 people a day, or interviewing 5 people a day. Respected journalists never trust anything until they can see research, and find the answer for themselves. To be a successful journalist you must be willing to spend long hours of researching, writing, and must be innovative, creative and aggressive. Journalism is a demanding a job and very competitive many skills are necessary to be successful in this field, but with time and effort it could be accomplished. EDUCATION Education is the key to making it somewhere important in this world; education is something no one can take from you and is also necessary to become a journalist. To become a journalist you will definitely need a high school diploma and at least 4 years of college. Half of the editors who hire newcomers prefer journalism graduates, meanwhile the other half prefer people who have a broad and deep knowledge of various subjects. How long you stay in school depends on where you would like to work. Many reporters at the white house and other prestigious places went to school beyond the normal four years. If Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. International Journalism Essay International Journalism International news coverage in the United States has declined dramatically in the last two decades, leaving the American public lacking in awareness of the world's diversity and beauty. This is unacceptable. The public has access to many forms of media–radio, network and cable television, newspapers, magazines and the Internet–yet lack a basic literacy in international issues. The media no longer provides comprehensive coverage of world news. However, as a far–reaching medium, American news media has an obligation to educate as well as inform the nation's populations. Therefore, despite a post–Cold War political calm, competitive media markets, and fewer foreign correspondents, news mediums must forge a...show more content... Likewise, network news sliced the minutes of its world coverage as people began turning the channel (See Appendix A). The reduction of international stories in American news coincided with a general change toward consumer–driven journalism. What began as basic good business, news sources strove to give customers what they want by putting more weight in polls. However, this need to please for profits has since overshadowed all else. Media venues like Internet news, news magazines, reformed newscasts are born by the minute, all seeking to tap into profitable audiences (Dennis, Merrill, p.221). Journalistic quality and content has taken the back seat to the shrewdly delivered big boom stories of violence, tragedies, celebrities–stories that can be packaged with colorful graphics and photos–stories that catch readers' eyes and get them to buy. Editors, faced with the facts that readers don't purchase or watch international stories, have cut back coverage to give room for more splashy stories. Editor of Media Industry Newsletter, Steven Cohen, complied the following list of some of the worst selling magazine covers in 1994: Newsweek, "Bosnia's Anne Frank," February 28; New Yorker, Yasir Arafat, May 16; U.S. News & World Report, Nelson Mandela, May 9; Business Week, "China: How Much Change?" June 9 (Hohenberg, p88). Given such statistics, and increasingly competitive media venues, news sources have sacrificed international Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Essay on journalism When journalism is chosen as a career, society tends to have a stereotypical image of a group of photographers chasing celebrities. If not, then an image of an anonymous person writing biased comments about current affairs, trying to manipulate the truth. However, their real work earns them every cent they deserve unlike the heartless lawyers who earns millions for defending criminals. The work of journalism, on the hand, consists of interviewing and attending events in all conditions in order to gather news and information for public interest. This is followed by further research into the background information then assessing suitability of reports and articles for public. The process is much more difficult than expected, especially with...show more content... Some other requirements may be learnt in further education after senior high school, such as understanding laws of defamation, contempt and copyright. To find a career in journalism, two options are provided but both require a pass in the year 12 HSC with preferably good results in English. The first option would be to study a degree at university for three years followed by a one year graduate cadetship, which is on–the–job training by professional journalists. The other alternative is undertaking a three year cadetship to gain experience and training under supervision of senior journalists. Although this is more common than study at university, there is a large competition for cadetships. One of the reasons for competition of cadetships may be due to the income being the biggest attraction of journalism. Although most enters the career due to passion or natural talents, there is no doubt that the income would be an incentive. This is only reasonable as journalism can be seen as a risky job, especially during the research of information. If there was any danger, income would be the main compensation. As common sense, money is essential for survival and the average income of journalism is adequate. According to the Bureau of Statistics a rational amount of journalists may earn the same or more income than doctors and lawyers under different circumstances. Even though the income for journalist is appealing, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Basics Journalism The term "journalism" has taken on many definitions in the past two decades. It is no longer about television, print and radio content, but the digitalization of content. Today's journalists are expected to go beyond traditional journalistic practices. They need to know how to be experts in digital reporting and publishing. By providing tips on how to organize data digitally, build websites, build an audience, create video, audio and photographed content, editing and publishing this content, Briggs covers all areas of digital journalism. Briggs book, consisting of 11 chapters, is divided into three sections including basics, multimedia storytelling and editing/decision making in journalism. UNIT 1: BASICS OF JOURNALISM News companies started using digital technologies nearly 20 years ago. This required professionals in the industry to change their traditional practices and evolve to the new way of producing content. This change has not been immediate, but according to Briggs, online technologies allow us to gather information better, communicate better and create better journalism. All journalists should have a basic understanding of web design including HTML, CSS and XML coding. Those who know learn how do this have control over how information is displayed and distributed on the Web. All journalists should have a blog. A blog should consist of a good headline, several links, photos and screen shots. Bloggers should also read and comment on other people's blogs in Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. My Interest In Journalism My interest in journalism starts not only from my passion for reading and writing, but from my personality; I like to be aware of what's happening around me. Journalists never fail to update me, and the world, of current events: it is a constant stream of information to the public. Journalism covers a vast variety of subjects like current events and sports to the Kardashians and dogs who sing. Journalists are able to take any story and give it to the people; they allow people to see international problems and provide them with possible answers. "These insights and abilities to construct, codify, and communicate stories stirs my interest in journalism." Or if you are wanting to reference your own "things" you could say something like, "Journalism's effects on me and my own potential to affect others through my work drives me to pursue the journalism field." This is one thing that excites me about journalism: the potential of my own work, and the knowledge I obtain suddenly available to the public. As a child, storytelling opened a new world of imagination, this eventually sparked my interest in journalism. Listening to and observing my teacher read each line, it was magical to me. Now, reading a mixture of newspapers and articles about world events has intensified my thoughts of international events and the public domain. BBC and Daily Mail, two of my favorite news stations, are two major news broadcasters that report everyday world problems. These UK–based stations have Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Journalism And Culture Of Journalism Journalism and culture are dominant, impactful pillars of society, sharing an inextricable relationship. Yet, the extent and influence of this relationship resists absolute categorisation, given its symbiotic nature, and fluid parameters. To assert journalism exclusively or exhaustively reflects culture would be flawed, as systemic social, political, and financial factors also shape cultural definitions. Equally, to posit journalism does not impact cultural perceptions would be erroneous, due to journalism's agenda–setting role. Additionally, the pluralistic, contradictory cultural landscape dictates relationships between journalism and culture are innately elusive. Realistically, definitions of this relationship can be neither absolute, nor finite, but instead must develop alongside cultural evolutions, recognising underlying nuances. Accordingly, this essay aims to demonstrate that, while journalism does express a culture in which it resides, it does not representatively express the entire culture in which it resides. Instead, journalistic cultural expressions overwhelmingly reinforce dominant, male–centric cultures, from which journalism benefits, and to which it contributes. Thus, rather than wholly expressing cultures, journalism expresses a dominant culture, thereby undermining and underrepresenting marginalised sub–cultures, and representing narrow fragments of broader cultures. To substantiate these claims, three overarching topics will be addressed. Firstly, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Essay On Yellow Journalism Yellow journalism was a major issue in the late 1890s during the Spanish–American War. The purpose of yellow journalism is to use headlines and report sensational events that draws the attention of the audience in order to sell more newspapers, even if the facts used were not legitimate. Yellow journalism came to an end with the development of objective journalism, which reports facts that are not biased. With the rise of social media, yellow journalism and "fake news" are making a comeback and becoming a "norm" in modern society. The rise of social media is contributing to the amount of yellow journalism and fake news that is occurring, which is ultimately leading to party polarization. Yellow journalism originated in the 19th century...show more content... Objective journalism originated in response to yellow journalism. Objective journalism is reporting facts rather than opinions and presents both sides of the partisan debate. Objective journalism became the new norm of society and ultimately eliminated most of yellow journalism. With the development of cable television and FM radio, the news began to take a more partisan role and led to the increase of party polarization, which is the further divide between Republicans and Democrats. With the rise of social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, the creation of "fake news" is becoming imminent. Today, news organizations are using the tactics of yellow journalism in politics to gain the attention of the audience and provide false facts that produce a major response from the viewers. Ideas and propaganda material are able to spread faster and to a wider range of people through social media. Much of this material is "fake news" that usually discredits one of the political parties, Republicans or Democrats. With the wide spread of this negativity toward one party, the opposing party strengthens its ideals and ultimately leads to increased party polarization. The journal, Correlating Political Polarization and Spread of Misinformation, by Manoel Horta Ribeiro, claims that social media is contributing to an increase in party polarization due to the increasing Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Essay on journalism A journalist is someone who works in the news gathering business, such as a photographer, editor or reporter. Journalism is all around us. It dominates television and surrounds us in the vast publishing industry of popularization. Journalism influence our perspectives on issues concerning us. In other words, its undeniable that journalism has a deep impact on our lives. There are two sides to journalism – good journalism and bad journalism. According to K. Minogue, the journalist has the power to mould the information they receive into "propaganda" or they could just report the news with additions of both side of the story. Journalism could even cause a political uproar like uncovering the Watergate scandal that forced...show more content... A dishonest journalist would face charges by the court. Being independent would mean that there is no government influence in the media. The Singapore Press Holding (SPH), the leading newspaper publisher in Singapore, is a private holding company. However, the Singapore government has a system of controlling every media outlet through annual licensing requirements. Several foreign news organizations have been fined in Singapore like The Economist magazine. It seems to Bill Kovach, a journalist and writer for forty years and the founding director of the Committee of Concerned Journalists and its programs that the government and journalism work hand in hand together. He states, Without journalism, without a steady, reliable flow of independent information without which the creation, care and continuation of a public opinion would not be possible – self government would disappear. Journalism and self government will rise or fall together. ( Kovach B , 2002 ) Thus, I believe that the publishers in Singapore should not a be totally independent of the government as through journalism, it would help to increase understanding between the government and the public.
  • 19. Defending the principle of tight regulation of the media, at a meeting with journalists in December (2004), Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore Minister Mentor, said, The role of journalists in Singapore is that of contributing to the nation's development and is not Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Essay on Objectivity in Journalism Objectivity in Journalism Merriam Webster defines objectivity as expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations. Objectivity, as defined by the school of media ethics, means standing so far from the community that you see all events and all viewpoints as equally distant and important, or unimportant for that matter. It is employed by giving equal weight to all viewpoints––or, if not, giving all an interesting twist, within taste. The result is a presentation of facts in a true non–partisan manner, and then standing back to "let the reader decide" which view is true. By going about it this way, we are defining objectivity not by the way we go about...show more content... If the ideal of objectivity is hard to grasp, then perhaps better words are fair, impartial, neutral or balanced. It is the last concept of balance that is in practice each day for journalists. Each story a journalist writes must present the facts accurately and provide a balanced view of both sides of the issue. For example, if a journalist finds accurate information about the mayor stealing funds from the public, the mayor must be given the opportunity to respond and explain the circumstances. The notion that journalists must maintain "objectivity" is a relatively new concept. The early American publishers were involved in politics and helped bring about the Revolution. Thomas Paine is admired for his words on freedom for the common man, and in motivating the colonies to rebel against the British Redcoats. Thomas Paine wrote, "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it NOW, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." I love the Internet as a journalistic platform, but I certainly see that it has as many flaws as traditional journalism. When I see the constant barrage of attacks from political partisans on the right and the left accusing journalists of being partial to the other side, If the journalists are getting attacked from both sides, it probably means Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 21. Citizen Journalism Essay Citizen journalism is the concept of average citizens playing an active role in the media. Blogging, social networks and participatory news sites have helped to contribute to the growth of citizen journalism. The idea of reporting instantly from any place at any time has grown to become a key tool in journalism today. A blog is a regular informal entry by an individual commenting on news stories or describing an event. They can range in any topic from fashion to politics. A blogger can remove or add an entry at any time with the use of the internet. Also bloggers do not have any editing or boundaries when it comes to their pieces. Many newspapers have embraced the idea and use it as a tool to gain perspective and gather information. In...show more content... Blogs cover more than the traditional news stories of crime and politics they go as far to cover fashion, sports, hobbies and home and gardening. This is another reason why they are so popular. Bloggers tend to reach out to a specific audience and make it easier to grasp the attention. They want to relate to people specifically because a traditional press focuses on a broader audience. Discovered by the Technorati State of the Blogosphere 2010 there has been a significant growth in mobile blogging. Twenty five percent of bloggers are already engaged in mobile blogging and 40 percent of bloggers who use smart phones said that it changed the way they blog because it encourages them to post shorter, more spontaneous posts. Mom and women bloggers are another increasing trend in blogging today. Most of them blog about brands and gender related issues. Most people see the mom blog as a way to get advice on every day things such as family and cooking. It also is convenient because moms can stay at home and blog. Women bloggers focus on their audience by publicizing major gender related issues and advocating for equality. Igniting the interest of politicians, companies and the media to harness the buying and voting power, women and mom bloggers are more popular than ever. The changes of blogging are creating a positive medium not only for readers but for journalism as a whole. It gives a different perspective on issues and also gives all issues a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 22. Reflection On Journalism Taking the J1010 course offered many different perspectives of the journalism profession that I did not know beforehand. Based on the materials presented in class and in the online lessons this semester, my current career interests have changed compared to my interests at the beginning of the semester. There were many lectures in this course that were interesting to me. In particular, a lecture that stands out in my mind from taking this course is Professor Brian Kratzer's photojournalism lecture. Prior to this class, I had never considered myself taking on a job dealing with the graphic or design portion of journalism; I had always pictured myself strictly taking part in the writing aspect of the profession. Professor Kratzer's lecture inspired me to consider branching out into photojournalism classes next year, and to also imagine myself having a job focused on photojournalism. I have always known that pictures are a major part of journalism, but seeing the examples of pictures his past students had taken increased my interest on the subject. What initially draws me to photojournalism is the fact that story–telling is still attainable and just as effective through pictures. I still want to be involved with the writing process somehow in a future job, but photojournalism is now an interest area that I am strongly considering. I am also planning on minoring in art, so merging journalism and art would be helpful when seeking out a more artistic job in the field. Another Get more content on HelpWriting.net