Real-Time Middleware Experts Bring Real-Time Monitoring to the Smart Grid
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The document discusses NASPInet, a system that provides situational awareness for next-generation power grids. It uses RTI's middleware to exchange different classes of data in real-time with varying priorities. Implementing NASPInet requires solving challenges like scalability, low latency, and fault tolerance. The middleware acts as a layer between applications and the network, handling connections, failures, and controlling communication quality of service.
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Real-Time Middleware Experts Bring Real-Time Monitoring to the Smart Grid
- 1. The Real-Time Middleware Experts Bringing Real-Time Monitoring to the Grid Supreet Oberoi Vice President, Engineering
- 2. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
- 3. Smart Grid is more than just enabling Smart Meters in your home Making the Grid resilient and efficient are the other key goals
- 4. NASPInet provides Situational Awareness to the next-generation Grid (1/2) © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
- 5. NASPInet provides Situational Awareness to the next-generation Grid (2/2) © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
- 7. NASPInet requires exchange of different classes of data with different priorities © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
- 8. Implementing NASPInet requires solving complex distributed system challenges • Scalability • Low Latency • Fault Tolerance • Quality of Service • Security • Heterogeneity © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
- 9. What & Why is Middleware? • What? – Middleware is a layer between application and network stack – It presents a more powerful API to the application • Why? – Simpler conceptual model – Handle connections, failures, translations – Control communications “Quality of Service” (QoS) © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Application Middleware Network stack Application Middleware Network stack Application Middleware Network stack
- 10. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL The DDS Standard • OMG Data Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems • Vendor independent – API for portability – Wire protocol for interoperability • Multiple vendors • Transparent connectivity – C, C++, Java, .NET (C#, C++/CLI) – Windows, Linux, Unix, embedded, real- time • Data-centric architecture Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Wire Protocol (RTPS) Middleware DDS API Cross-vendor portability Cross-vendor interoperability
- 11. Data-Centric Smart Bus © 2008 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 11 Connection Oriented • Multi-hop • Hard-wired • Brittle • Hard to evolve Smart Data Bus Standardized Data Services QoS Controlled Communication Source: [modified] Raytheon Keynote Presentation September 2006 at DDS Information Day, Anaheim , CA Data Oriented • Peer-to-peer • Loosely coupled • Scalable • Evolvable
- 12. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL “Global Data Space” Simplicity Source (Key) Latitude Longitude Altitude UAV1 37.4 -122.0 500.0 UAV2 40.7 -74.0 250.0 UAV3 50.2 -0.7 2000.0 Persistence Service Persistence Service Essentially a virtual, decentralized global database
- 13. Data Reader “Market” Domain Participant Data Writer “Market” Domain Participant DDS communications model • Participants scope the global data space (domain) • Topics define the data-objects (collections of subjects) • Writers publish data on Topics • Readers subscribe to data on Topics • QoS Contracts control information flow • Listeners notify the application of events Listener Offered QoS Listener Got new data Requested QoS New subscriber !
- 14. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL DDS middleware for Real-Time Applications • Real-time middleware experts – 300+ unique design wins – $500B of mission-critical designs – 98% customer satisfaction • Successful designs in: – Defense – Finance – Unmanned vehicles – Simulation – Industrial automation – Medical – Transportation
- 15. What Does Middleware Do? © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
- 16. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Ship Self-Defense System The Ship Self Defense System is the “last line of defense” SSDS coordinates high- speed radars, targets defensive missiles, and directs 1000+ rounds/sec at incoming cruise missiles SSDS is in sea trial now Middleware reliably delivers messages in microseconds
- 17. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL DDG 1000 Ship Communication DefenseDefense Raytheon Total Shipboard Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI) for US Navy DDG 1000 destroyer Coordinates and manages complex, diverse onboard hardware and software systems RTI connects 200+ computers, 8000 applications, 79k readers/writers, 11m matches Middleware extends scalability in real time
- 18. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Predator Ground Control Station Defense General Atomics Aeronautical Systems developed advanced cockpit ground control stations (GCSs) for unmanned aircraft systems such as Predator® Required real-time data distribution for acquisition, analysis, and response of remote controlled aircraft RTI selected for proven software & services. This application was delivered in under 14 months, significantly faster than with alternative software or building their own. Middleware speeds development
- 19. Automotive Safety The VW Driver Assistance & Integrated Safety system provides steering assistance when swerving to avoid obstacles, detects when the lane narrows or passing wide loads, and helps drivers to safely negotiate bends. RTI middleware coordinates all the sensors and automotive systems. It bridges high speed networking to the CAN bus
- 20. NASA KSC Launch Control © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL The Constellation program will replace the Space Shuttle. It will be the next generation of American manned spacecraft. RTI delivered 300k instances, at 400k msgs/sec with 5x the required throughput, at 1/5 the needed latency NASA used an RTI Architecture Study to leverage RTI’s extensive experience to lower risk.
- 21. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Grand Coulee Dam, Columbia River, WA Largest single electricity producer in the US: 6.8 Giga Watts output 3.5x more than Hoover Dam Pilot program for 12 other US hydro retrofits Implementing extremely available system No single points of failure N-way redundant software Data centric architecture allows Easy bring up/ bring down Fast reaction to change
- 22. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Growing Adoption • DISA: DISR mandated • Navy: Open Architecture, FORCEnet • Air Force, Navy and DISA: NESI • Army: FCS / SoSCOE • Air traffic control Europe …plus over 300 individual projects
- 23. © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL RTI Leadership • Market Leader – Over 70% DDS market share1 – Largest embedded middleware vendor of all types2 • Standards Leader – OMG Board of Directors – Co-chair DDS SIG – Chair DDS committee • Maturity Leader – 12+ years of commercial availability – Diverse industries: defense, finance, medical, industrial control, power generation, communications – 300+ commercial customers, 100+ research projects – 100,000+ licensed copies – U.S. DoD Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 8/9 1Embedded Market Forecasters 2VDC Analyst Report
- 24. QUESTIONS? © 2009 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Currently, the grids are being run by aging SCADA systems with primitive communication protocols, and little or no communication between the generational plants. There is poor monitoring, poor metrics, and no real concept of distributed control…. Without human operators, there is no way to manage and monitor the grid..
- “Synchrophasor” technology will improve the situation. By collecting the phase angle differences from various locations of the grid at the SAME instant, we can monitor the state of the grid and take corrective action in real time by letting the operator know where the grid is going unstable. NASPI seeks to improve the power system reliability and visibility. The NASPI community has put together the NASPInet initiative which is an effort to develop an data communications infrastructure for the electric grid. From the maintaining low-latency for coast-to-coast data transmission to supporting a network where thousands of sensors will exchange information in real time, the NASPInet initiative is perhaps one of the most demanding project in developing a real-time distributed system. At the heart of the NASPInet architecture is a Phasor Measurement Unit, or the PMU. This simple device receives a GPS clock signal and voltages and currents from the electric power system. The measured values are then time-stamped, and are called synchrophasors since they are time-synchronized phasor values. The word phasor indicates a measurement of both the signal magnitude and the angle.The PMU data does not provide new ways to remedy a fault in the grid, but provides high-fidelity information before the occurrence of the event for the operator to take corrective action.
- Figure 3: PMU data for an event that occurred on February 7, 2010. The frequency excursions captured by the PMUs helped capture more accurate information about the event (Courtesy naspi.org)
- A Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) correlated the phasor data from a number of PMUs and PDCs by time and feeds it as a single stream to other applications. PDCs allow us to capture wide-area disturbances, improve system security, and coordinate substation visualization. The Phasor Gateway in NASPInet lexicon controls access to all signals from its substations. Think of it as a router that enables NASPI network to access data from within the organization by verifying cyber security, access rights, data integrity, among other things. The Phasor Gateway is extremely critical because it also manages traffic format, timing compatibility, and setting traffic priority according to classes of data.
- NASPInet will enable exchange of different classes of data with different priorities. For example, NASPInet will enable exchange of large-volume historical data with high reliability but with not strict end-to-end latency needs. On the other hand, NASPInet can mandate strict latency needs on exchange of PMU data while allowing some samples to be lost. To do this, NASPI defines classes of data, which indicate the type of contract a publisher and a subscriber need to have when exchanging that class of data.