Cancer of Larynx- Easy ppt for Nurses Definition & picture Risk factors Clinical manifestations Assessment & diagnostic methods Medical management Surgical Management -Radical prostatectomy Radiation therapy Hormone therapy Other therapies Thank you

1. Cancer of the Larynx
SWATILEKHA DAS, RN
B.Sc (H)Nursing, M.Sc (MSN)
ASST. PROFESSOR

2. Cancer of the Larynx
Cancer of the larynx accounts for approximately
half of all head and neck cancers. Almost all
malignant tumors of the larynx arise from the
surface epithelium and are classified as
squamous cell carcinoma.

4. Risk factors
• Risk factors include male gender, age 60 to 70
years, tobacco use (including smokeless),
alcohol use, vocal straining, chronic laryngitis,
occupational exposure to carcinogens,
nutritional deficiencies (riboflavin), and fam-
ily predisposition.

5. Clinical manifestations
• Hoarseness, noted early with cancer in glottic
area; harsh, raspy, low-pitched voice.
• Persistent cough; pain and burning in the throat
when drinking hot liquids and citrus juices.
• Lump felt in the neck.
• Late symptoms: dysphagia, dyspnea, unilateral
nasal obstruction or discharge, persistent
hoarseness or ulceration, and foul breath.
• Enlarged cervical nodes, weight loss, general
debility, and pain radiating to the ear may occur
with metastasis.

6. Assessment and Diagnostic
Methods
• Physical examination of the head and neck
• Indirect laryngoscopy
• Endoscopy, virtual endoscopy, optical imaging,
CT, MRI, and PET scanning (to detect
recurrence of tumor after treatment)
• Direct laryngoscopic examination under local
or general anesthesia
• Biopsy of suspicious tissue

7. Management
• Treatment options include surgery, radiation
therapy, and chemotherapy, or combinations.

8. Surgical management
• Surgical procedures for early stage tumors
may include transoral endoscopic laser
resection, classic open vertical hemi-
laryngectomy for glottic tumors, or classic
horizontal supra-glottic laryngectomy.

10. • Other surgical options include the
following:
– Vocal cord stripping—used to treat
dysplasia, hyperker-atosis, and leukoplakia
and is often curative for these lesions
– Cordectomy—for lesions limited to the
middle third of the vocal cord
– Laser surgery—for treatment of early glottic
cancers

11. Cont.
– Partial laryngectomy—recommended in
early stages of glottic cancer with only one
vocal cord involved; high cure rate
– Total laryngectomy—can provide the
desired cure in most advanced stage IV
laryngeal cancers, when the tumor extends
beyond the vocal cords, or for cancer that
recurs or persists after radiation therapy

12. • Speech therapy when indicated:
esophageal speech, artificial larynx
(electrolarynx), or tracheoesophageal
puncture.

13. Artificial Larynx