1. Computer Programming
in
C++
(PRACTICAL#04)

2.  Objective : To become familiar with Operators in C++
 Operators : Are the symbols that perform operations / calculations on operands.
 Expression : any arrangement of variables, constants and operators that specifies a
computation.
 Example : sum = num1+num2;
 Three categories of operators :
 Binary Operators : act or operate on two operands.
 Unary Operators act or operate on one operand
 Ternary Operators act or operate on three operands

3.  Arithmetic Operators
Operators Result
+ Addition
__ Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Remainder or Modulus

4. Arithmetic Assignment Operators
 C++ provides several assignment operators for
abbreviating assignment expressions.
 For example, you can abbreviate the statement
c = c + 3;
 with the addition assignment operator, +=, as
c += 3;

5. Compound Assignment Operators
Operator Example Expression Result
+= var1+=var2 var1 is assigned the value that is the sum of var1 and var2
_= var1-=var2 var1 is assigned the value that is the value of var2 subtracted
from the value of var1
*= var1*=var2
/=
%=

6. Arithmetic Operator Example
class ArthemticOperator {
void main() {
int a = 4, b = 2, c;
c = a + b;
cout<<“Addition: “<<+c;
c = a – b;
cout<<“Subtraction: ”<<c;
 c = a * b;
 cout<<“Multiplication: ”<<c;
 c = a / b;
 cout<<“Division: ”<<c;
 c = a % b;
 cout<<“Modulus: ”<<c;
 }

7. Increment & Decrement Operators
 Increment & Decrement Operators : C++ provides two unary operators for
adding 1 to or subtracting 1 from the value of a numeric variable.

8. Increment & Decrement Operators
Operator Example Expression Result
++ var1=++var2 var1 is assigned the value of var2+1.
++ var1=var2++ var1 is assigned the value of var2. var2 is incremented by 1.
-- var1= --var2
-- var1=var2--

9. Preincrementing and postincrementing
Example // main method begins execution of C++ program
void main() {
int c;
c = 5;
cout<<c ; // print 5
cout<<c++ ;
cout<<c <<endl;
c = 5;
cout<< c;
cout<< ++c ;
cout<< c ;
} // end method main

10. Operator Precedence
Precedence Operators
Highest ++, -- (used as prefixes)
*, / , %
+, -
=,*=, /=,%=,+=,-=
&,^,|
&&,||
Lowest ++, -- (used as suffixes)

11. Relational Operators
 Java has six relational operators that compare two numbers and
return a Boolean value (i.e. true or false or 1 or 0)
 The outcome of these operations is a Boolean value.
Operator Meaning
 == Equal to
 > Greater than
 >= Greater than or equal to
 < Less than
 <= Less than or equal to
 != not equal to

12. Relational Operators
Operator Example Expression Result
== var1=var2==var3; var1 is assigned the value true if var2 is equal to var3, or false
otherwise.
!= var1= var2 !=var3; var1 is assigned the value true if var2 is not equal to var3, or false
otherwise.
< Var1= var2 < var3;
<= Var1=var2<=var3;
> Var1=var2 > var3;
>= Var1=var2>=var3;

13. Relational Operators Example
void main() {
int a = 10; int b = 20;
cout<< "a == b = " << (a == b);
cout<< "a != b = " << (a != b);
cout<< "a > b = " << (a > b);
cout<< "a < b = " << (a < b);
cout<< "b >= a = " << (b >= a);
cout<< "b <= a = " <<(b <= a);
output

14. The Logical Operators
 C++ provides logical operators to enable programmers
to form or combine two or more Boolean expressions .
The logical operators are
 && (logical AND),
 || (logical OR),
 ! (logical NOT, also called logical negation).

15. The Logical Operators
 // Demonstrate the Logical operators.
void main() {
int a = 10; int b = 20;
cout<< "a > 9 && a < 20 = " << (a > 9 && a<20 );
cout<< "a > 8 || a <10 = " << (a >8 || a <10);
cout<< “!(a ==b) = " << !(a == b);
}

16. The Bitwise Operators
 There are also the bitwise operators in C++ which are used to perform bitwise
operations on bit patterns or binary numerals that involve the manipulation of
individual bits.
 Bitwise operators can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte.
 Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation.
 Example if a = 5 and b = 3; now in binary format they will be as follows −
 a = 0000 0101
 b = 0000 0011

17. The Bitwise Operators
 The Bitwise NOT (~) Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the
effect of 'flipping' bits
 Example Number 5 in binary is 00000101
 After Bitwise NOT operation the value is 11111010
 The Bitwise AND (&) 00000101 5
& 00000011 3
00000001 1

18. The Bitwise Operators
The Bitwise OR (|)
00000101 5
| 00000011 3
00000111 7

19. The Bitwise Operators
The Bitwise exclusive OR (^)
00000101 5
^ 00000011 3
00000110 6

20. Tasks for Lab # 4
Task #1 : Write C++ code that takes a number from the user as an input and prints its cube.
(Use cin>> for input)
Task# 2 : Write a C++ program that takes a single character as input and Displays it on the
screen. (Use cin>> for input)
Task #3: Write C++ program to demonstrate the working of the following operators:
increment and decrement operators
Relational operators
Task # 4 : Write a C++ program that Declares 3 floating numbers and prints their total sum
and average.