2. Objective : To become familiar with Operators in C++
Operators : Are the symbols that perform operations / calculations on operands.
Expression : any arrangement of variables, constants and operators that specifies a
computation.
Example : sum = num1+num2;
Three categories of operators :
Binary Operators : act or operate on two operands.
Unary Operators act or operate on one operand
Ternary Operators act or operate on three operands
4. Arithmetic Assignment Operators
C++ provides several assignment operators for
abbreviating assignment expressions.
For example, you can abbreviate the statement
c = c + 3;
with the addition assignment operator, +=, as
c += 3;
5. Compound Assignment Operators
Operator Example Expression Result
+= var1+=var2 var1 is assigned the value that is the sum of var1 and var2
_= var1-=var2 var1 is assigned the value that is the value of var2 subtracted
from the value of var1
*= var1*=var2
/=
%=
6. Arithmetic Operator Example
class ArthemticOperator {
void main() {
int a = 4, b = 2, c;
c = a + b;
cout<<“Addition: “<<+c;
c = a – b;
cout<<“Subtraction: ”<<c;
c = a * b;
cout<<“Multiplication: ”<<c;
c = a / b;
cout<<“Division: ”<<c;
c = a % b;
cout<<“Modulus: ”<<c;
}
7. Increment & Decrement Operators
Increment & Decrement Operators : C++ provides two unary operators for
adding 1 to or subtracting 1 from the value of a numeric variable.
8. Increment & Decrement Operators
Operator Example Expression Result
++ var1=++var2 var1 is assigned the value of var2+1.
++ var1=var2++ var1 is assigned the value of var2. var2 is incremented by 1.
-- var1= --var2
-- var1=var2--
9. Preincrementing and postincrementing
Example // main method begins execution of C++ program
void main() {
int c;
c = 5;
cout<<c ; // print 5
cout<<c++ ;
cout<<c <<endl;
c = 5;
cout<< c;
cout<< ++c ;
cout<< c ;
} // end method main
11. Relational Operators
Java has six relational operators that compare two numbers and
return a Boolean value (i.e. true or false or 1 or 0)
The outcome of these operations is a Boolean value.
Operator Meaning
== Equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
!= not equal to
12. Relational Operators
Operator Example Expression Result
== var1=var2==var3; var1 is assigned the value true if var2 is equal to var3, or false
otherwise.
!= var1= var2 !=var3; var1 is assigned the value true if var2 is not equal to var3, or false
otherwise.
< Var1= var2 < var3;
<= Var1=var2<=var3;
> Var1=var2 > var3;
>= Var1=var2>=var3;
13. Relational Operators Example
void main() {
int a = 10; int b = 20;
cout<< "a == b = " << (a == b);
cout<< "a != b = " << (a != b);
cout<< "a > b = " << (a > b);
cout<< "a < b = " << (a < b);
cout<< "b >= a = " << (b >= a);
cout<< "b <= a = " <<(b <= a);
output
14. The Logical Operators
C++ provides logical operators to enable programmers
to form or combine two or more Boolean expressions .
The logical operators are
&& (logical AND),
|| (logical OR),
! (logical NOT, also called logical negation).
15. The Logical Operators
// Demonstrate the Logical operators.
void main() {
int a = 10; int b = 20;
cout<< "a > 9 && a < 20 = " << (a > 9 && a<20 );
cout<< "a > 8 || a <10 = " << (a >8 || a <10);
cout<< “!(a ==b) = " << !(a == b);
}
16. The Bitwise Operators
There are also the bitwise operators in C++ which are used to perform bitwise
operations on bit patterns or binary numerals that involve the manipulation of
individual bits.
Bitwise operators can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte.
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation.
Example if a = 5 and b = 3; now in binary format they will be as follows −
a = 0000 0101
b = 0000 0011
17. The Bitwise Operators
The Bitwise NOT (~) Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the
effect of 'flipping' bits
Example Number 5 in binary is 00000101
After Bitwise NOT operation the value is 11111010
The Bitwise AND (&) 00000101 5
& 00000011 3
00000001 1
20. Tasks for Lab # 4
Task #1 : Write C++ code that takes a number from the user as an input and prints its cube.
(Use cin>> for input)
Task# 2 : Write a C++ program that takes a single character as input and Displays it on the
screen. (Use cin>> for input)
Task #3: Write C++ program to demonstrate the working of the following operators:
increment and decrement operators
Relational operators
Task # 4 : Write a C++ program that Declares 3 floating numbers and prints their total sum
and average.
