Impaired Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein Metabolism Caused by Lack of Insulin or Decreased Sensitivity
1.
2. Syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat and
protein metabolism caused by either lack of
insulin or decreased sensitivity of tissues to
insulin.
3. A small protein
Molecular weight of 5808
Contains 2 amino acid chains linked by
disulfide bonds
Helps to store excess energy
4. TYPE I- IDDM (Insulin dependant Diabetes
Mellitus)
Caused by lack of insulin secretion.
TYPE II- NIDDM (Non Insulin Dependant
Diabetes Mellitus.
Caused by insulin resistance.
5.
6. May develop abruptly or over a period of few
days
3 important features of TYPE 1 DM:
1. Blood glucose
2. Utilization of fats for energy & formation
of cholesterol by liver
3. Depletion of body proteins
7. Blood glucose concentration rises to very
high levels
Increased blood glucose causes loss of
glucose in urine
Increased blood glucose leads to
dehydration
Chronic high glucose conc. causes tissue
injury
Increased utilization of fats and
metabolic acidosis
Depletion of body proteins
8. More common than TYPE I
Often between ages 50-60, thus called as
adult-onset diabetes
Most important risk factor:
Increasing prevalence of OBESITY
11. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME- Marked
increase in ovarian androgen production and
insulin resistance
CUSHING’S SYNDROME(excess formation of
glucocorticoids) OR ACROMEGALY(excess
formation of growth hormone)
12.
13. URINARY GLUCOSE- glucose gets excreted in
urine unlike in normal conditions where
entire glucose is reabsorbed during tubular
reabsorption.
FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE AND INSULIN
LEVELS-normal levels:80-90mg/100ml
ACETONE BREATH
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
14. Normal fasting person:
1 gm glucose/kg body wt. ingested
Blood glucose rises from 90mg/100ml-
120mg/100ml-140mg/100ml
Falls back to control value in abt 2 hours
Person with diabetes:
Since blood glucose is already above
110mg/100ml
Blood glucose rises higher on ingestion
Falls back only after 4-6hours but still fails to fall
below control value
15. SINGLE DOSE OF ONE
OF THE LONGER
ACTING INSULINS
SOMETIMES
ADDITIONAL
QUANTITIES ARE ALSO
FIVEN IN TIMES WHEN
BLOOD GLUCOSE RISES
TOO HIGH
16. Dieting and exercises usually recommended
Drugs may be administered
EXOGENOUS INSULIN MUST BE USED TO
REGULATE BLOOD GLUCOSE