Nanotechnology Based Drug Delivery

1. November 8, 2011 Sumit Kumar Pramanik Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Jadavpur

2. Nanotechnology Based Drug Delivery (I) Introduction – a) what is nanotechnolgy? b) So far its major application (II)Nanotechnology in drug delivery – a) Why nanoparticle is used? b) Different examples (c) Conclusion

3. (I) Introduction: What is Nano-scale ? 1.27 × 10 7 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10 -9 m Fullerenes C 60 12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm 10 millions times smaller 1 billion times smaller

5. Applications of Nano-biotechnology in therapeutics: • Medical Diagnostic tools and Sensors • Drug Delivery • Pharmacocatalysis • Medical Imaging • Filters

9. Thermal ablation of cancer cells by ‘ Silica-gold ’ nano shells Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and by applying an external energy source to kill them…..

10. Gold Nanoparticles surrounding appropriate dielectric materials can absorb light in the near infra red region which becomes hot and can kill the cells in their proximity. This technique has now been used for the treatment of cancer.

11. Gastrin Releasing Protein (GRP) Receptor Specific Gold Nano-rods General structure of GNR-BBN conjugates. GNR-BBN conjugates have very high binding affinity toward GRP receptors in cancer cells and can easily enter into the cancer cell. The selective delivery of GNRs to tumoral region can be achieved by attaching a target-specific protein (BBN). Bombesin (BBN) Gold nanorod (GNR)

12. Quantum Dot Based Drug Delivery System to Target Cancer Quantum Dots conjugated to peptide/antibodies specific against the cancer marker on the surface of the target cancer cells would be made to release the drug only when hit with laser light. This would allow control of the cells that will receive the toxin, thus minimizing side effects. Quantum Dots: Quantum dots are tiny particles, or “nanoparticles”, of a semiconductor material, traditionally chalcogenides (selenides or sulfides) of metals like cadmium or zinc (CdSe or ZnS, for example), which range from 2 to 10 nanometers in diameter (about the width of 50 atoms).

13. Brain-The ultimate target for drug delivery The mechanism for transport is due to endocytosis via the low density lipoprotein receptor of endothelial cells after absorption of lipoproteins from blood plasma to the nanoparticles. The BBB is formed by the single layer of endothelial cells that line the inner surfaces of capillaries in the brain. In the brain, the endothelial cells fit tightly together and substances cannot pass out of the bloodstream.

14. Lipid-based Drug Delivery

15. Niosome based drug delivery:

16. Polymer based nano-technology:Micelle Micelle is an aggregate of amphiphilic molecules in water, with the nonpolar portions in the interior and the polar portions at the exterior surface, exposed to water….

18. Polymeric Nano-particles

20. Carbon 60

22. Carbon Nanotube

23. Biological nano-particles from bovine-serum albumin for drug delivery The disadvantages in use of liposome which has low encapsulation efficiency, rapid leakage of water-soluble drug in presence of blood component and poor storage stability. The benefits of protein nanoparticles are: nontoxicity, stability for long duration,non-antigen also posse biodegradability.

24. Drug Delivery Carriers:

27. Acknowledgement To my Supervisor Dr. Biswadip Banerji, My labmates, Faculty of chemistry Departments, My friends of IICB

28. Thanks