1. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Power Management of Smart Phones
Seminar Presentation for 2 Years M.Tech 3rd
Semester
Sumanta Chakraborty
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
University of Calcutta
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 1 / 36

2. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this talk
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 2 / 36

3. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this chapter
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 3 / 36

4. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Rapid growth in hardware and software technologies in smart phones leads to power
hungry applications, e.g., games, real-time location-based tracking applications, and more
powerful processors, network interfaces, memory, operating systems and so on
However, evolution in battery technologies has been very slow
Researching on power consumption in smart phones has become a very hot topic today
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 4 / 36

5. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Rapid growth in hardware and software technologies in smart phones leads to power
hungry applications, e.g., games, real-time location-based tracking applications, and more
powerful processors, network interfaces, memory, operating systems and so on
However, evolution in battery technologies has been very slow
Researching on power consumption in smart phones has become a very hot topic today
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 4 / 36

6. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Rapid growth in hardware and software technologies in smart phones leads to power
hungry applications, e.g., games, real-time location-based tracking applications, and more
powerful processors, network interfaces, memory, operating systems and so on
However, evolution in battery technologies has been very slow
Researching on power consumption in smart phones has become a very hot topic today
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 4 / 36

7. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
A few common smart phone tasks and their average power consumption 1
A one-minute phone call: 1054mW
Sending or and receiving email over mobile network: 610mW
Video playback: 454mW
Sending and receive email over Wi-Fi: 432mW
Audio playback: 320mW
Sending a text message: 302mW
1The above estimates come from research performed in 2010, but give you an idea of relative power
consumption required for tasks [1 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 5 / 36

8. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this chapter
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 6 / 36

9. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
History
Pioneer work with the lithium-ion battery began in 1979 at Oxford University by John
Goodenough and his colleagues Phil Wiseman, Koichi Mizushima, and Phil Jones
Their research was turned into commercial technology by Sony who released the first
commercial lithium-ion battery in 1991
Each cell in a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery has essentially three components:
1 Positive Electrode: lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) or, in newer batteries, lithium iron
phosphate (LiFePO4)
2 Negative Electrode: graphite
3 Electrolyte: a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl
carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 7 / 36

10. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
History
Pioneer work with the lithium-ion battery began in 1979 at Oxford University by John
Goodenough and his colleagues Phil Wiseman, Koichi Mizushima, and Phil Jones
Their research was turned into commercial technology by Sony who released the first
commercial lithium-ion battery in 1991
Each cell in a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery has essentially three components:
1 Positive Electrode: lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) or, in newer batteries, lithium iron
phosphate (LiFePO4)
2 Negative Electrode: graphite
3 Electrolyte: a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl
carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 7 / 36

11. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
History
Pioneer work with the lithium-ion battery began in 1979 at Oxford University by John
Goodenough and his colleagues Phil Wiseman, Koichi Mizushima, and Phil Jones
Their research was turned into commercial technology by Sony who released the first
commercial lithium-ion battery in 1991
Each cell in a rechargeable Lithium-ion battery has essentially three components:
1 Positive Electrode: lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) or, in newer batteries, lithium iron
phosphate (LiFePO4)
2 Negative Electrode: graphite
3 Electrolyte: a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl
carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 7 / 36

12. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

13. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

14. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

15. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

16. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

17. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

18. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Electrolytic Process
When the battery is charging up, the lithium ions move from positive electrode to the
negative electrode and the battery stores energy during this process
When the battery is discharging, the ions move back across the electrolyte to the positive
electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery
Advantages
High energy density potential
Don’t suffer from memory effect problem while nickel-cadmium batteries appear to
become harder to charge unless they’re discharged fully first 2
Better for environment
2Scientists at the Paul Scherrer Institute, together with colleagues from the Toyota Research Laboratories in
Japan have now however discovered that a Li-ion battery has also a memory effect. This work has been
published in the journal Nature Materials in April, 2013 [2 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 8 / 36

19. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

20. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

21. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

22. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

23. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

24. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

25. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Limitations
Subject to aging, even if not in use — storage in a cool place slows down aging effect
Transportation restrictions — shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory
control
Expensive to manufacture in comparison with nickel-cadmium batteries
Safety features
Overheating to be avoided
Thermal interrupt due to overcharging to be avoided
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 9 / 36

26. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this chapter
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 10 / 36

27. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy aware operating systems
Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobile
devices
Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations
Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely done
at the operating system
The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach in
which both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the power
consumption in a mobile phone
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

28. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy aware operating systems
Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobile
devices
Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations
Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely done
at the operating system
The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach in
which both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the power
consumption in a mobile phone
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

29. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy aware operating systems
Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobile
devices
Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations
Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely done
at the operating system
The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach in
which both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the power
consumption in a mobile phone
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

30. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy aware operating systems
Both Operating Systems & Applications are responsible for energy management in mobile
devices
Some researchers suggest that applications must adapt dynamically to energy limitations
Some researchers suggest that resources and energy management should be entirely done
at the operating system
The other researchers present an intermediate solution. They follow a hybrid approach in
which both applications and operating system collaborate to reduce the power
consumption in a mobile phone
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 11 / 36

31. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy aware operating systems
Cinder [3 ]
A mobile OS which tracks applications and services responsible for resource use and detects
malware and buggy applications and by limiting their access to computing resources reduces
consume energy of the battery
ErdOS [4 ]
It is conceived as an extension of Android OS. ErdOS proposes monitoring resources state,
resources’ demands and users’ interaction patterns with applications and learning from users’
behaviour and habits (i.e., users’ activities) to predict future resource demands and availability
in an event-based fashion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 12 / 36

32. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy aware operating systems
Cinder [3 ]
A mobile OS which tracks applications and services responsible for resource use and detects
malware and buggy applications and by limiting their access to computing resources reduces
consume energy of the battery
ErdOS [4 ]
It is conceived as an extension of Android OS. ErdOS proposes monitoring resources state,
resources’ demands and users’ interaction patterns with applications and learning from users’
behaviour and habits (i.e., users’ activities) to predict future resource demands and availability
in an event-based fashion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 12 / 36

33. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources
An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, when
and where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy
Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns the
user when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity
Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisation
at 1Hz during normal usage
Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm in
real time embedded systems
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

34. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources
An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, when
and where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy
Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns the
user when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity
Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisation
at 1Hz during normal usage
Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm in
real time embedded systems
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

35. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources
An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, when
and where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy
Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns the
user when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity
Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisation
at 1Hz during normal usage
Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm in
real time embedded systems
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

36. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Users’ Interaction With Mobile Applications And Computing Resources
An important aspect of energy management is having a good understanding of how, when
and where users interact with their handsets and how they demand energy
Ravi et al. [5 ] propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns the
user when it detects a power limitation before the next charging opportunity
Shye et al. [6 ] develop a background logger that periodically monitors resource utilisation
at 1Hz during normal usage
Rakhmatov et al. [7 ] present a diffusion model for battery-aware scheduling algorithm in
real time embedded systems
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 13 / 36

37. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy-efficient Communications
Most of the works try to leverage low power interfaces or contextual information to
smartly wake up the WiFi interface from sleep mode when there is likely to have an access
point instead of being permanently in a higher power state (or even idle)
Pering et al. [8 ] proposed a scheme that switches between Bluetooth and WiFi interfaces
to save battery energy though this scheme needs to modify the infrastructure
Cell2Notify [9 ] (an energy management architecture) uses the cellular interface to wake
up the WiFi interfaces on an incoming VOIP call using specialized servers
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 14 / 36

38. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy-efficient Communications
Most of the works try to leverage low power interfaces or contextual information to
smartly wake up the WiFi interface from sleep mode when there is likely to have an access
point instead of being permanently in a higher power state (or even idle)
Pering et al. [8 ] proposed a scheme that switches between Bluetooth and WiFi interfaces
to save battery energy though this scheme needs to modify the infrastructure
Cell2Notify [9 ] (an energy management architecture) uses the cellular interface to wake
up the WiFi interfaces on an incoming VOIP call using specialized servers
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 14 / 36

39. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy-efficient Communications
Most of the works try to leverage low power interfaces or contextual information to
smartly wake up the WiFi interface from sleep mode when there is likely to have an access
point instead of being permanently in a higher power state (or even idle)
Pering et al. [8 ] proposed a scheme that switches between Bluetooth and WiFi interfaces
to save battery energy though this scheme needs to modify the infrastructure
Cell2Notify [9 ] (an energy management architecture) uses the cellular interface to wake
up the WiFi interfaces on an incoming VOIP call using specialized servers
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 14 / 36

40. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Sensors Optimizations
Accessing sensing resources can be expensive in terms of energy
Constandache et al. [10 ] propose location sensing adaptive framework called EnLoc
which selects the energy-optimal sensor by considering the accuracy-energy trade-off of
different location sensors available in mobile phones and reduces energy consumption
Kang et al. [11 ] propose a scalable and energy-efficient monitoring framework called
SeeMon for sensor-rich and resource-limited mobile environments
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 15 / 36

41. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Sensors Optimizations
Accessing sensing resources can be expensive in terms of energy
Constandache et al. [10 ] propose location sensing adaptive framework called EnLoc
which selects the energy-optimal sensor by considering the accuracy-energy trade-off of
different location sensors available in mobile phones and reduces energy consumption
Kang et al. [11 ] propose a scalable and energy-efficient monitoring framework called
SeeMon for sensor-rich and resource-limited mobile environments
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 15 / 36

42. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Sensors Optimizations
Accessing sensing resources can be expensive in terms of energy
Constandache et al. [10 ] propose location sensing adaptive framework called EnLoc
which selects the energy-optimal sensor by considering the accuracy-energy trade-off of
different location sensors available in mobile phones and reduces energy consumption
Kang et al. [11 ] propose a scalable and energy-efficient monitoring framework called
SeeMon for sensor-rich and resource-limited mobile environments
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 15 / 36

43. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy-efficient Computations
With computation offloading 3
, the mobile device does not perform the computation;
instead, computation is performed somewhere else, such as on a server, thereby extending
battery lifetime
CloneCloud [12 ] describes a flexible architecture for Android devices that enables
computations to be offloaded to cloud platform instead of a remote server and thus
increases mobile devices’ computational power
3The processor of a smart phone can also be put in sleep mode rather than in idle mode to save energy.
However, it is not effective when the processor is highly loaded
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 16 / 36

44. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Software Solutions
Energy-efficient Computations
With computation offloading 3
, the mobile device does not perform the computation;
instead, computation is performed somewhere else, such as on a server, thereby extending
battery lifetime
CloneCloud [12 ] describes a flexible architecture for Android devices that enables
computations to be offloaded to cloud platform instead of a remote server and thus
increases mobile devices’ computational power
3The processor of a smart phone can also be put in sleep mode rather than in idle mode to save energy.
However, it is not effective when the processor is highly loaded
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 16 / 36

45. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Graphene Technology developed by Samsung
Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part through
which energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode
Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and with
capacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]
Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the silicon
layers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon
Thus the longevity of the battery is increased
But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcoming
Galaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

46. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Graphene Technology developed by Samsung
Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part through
which energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode
Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and with
capacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]
Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the silicon
layers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon
Thus the longevity of the battery is increased
But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcoming
Galaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

47. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Graphene Technology developed by Samsung
Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part through
which energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode
Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and with
capacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]
Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the silicon
layers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon
Thus the longevity of the battery is increased
But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcoming
Galaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

48. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Graphene Technology developed by Samsung
Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part through
which energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode
Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and with
capacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]
Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the silicon
layers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon
Thus the longevity of the battery is increased
But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcoming
Galaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

49. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Graphene Technology developed by Samsung
Samsung has developed a prototype by replacing the graphite anode, the part through
which energy enters the battery, with graphene-coated silicon anode
Thus making batteries with an energy density as much as 1.8 times more than current batteries [techtimes ] and with
capacity two times as much energy as lithium-ion [13 ]
Samsung proposes the solution which is to grow graphene cells directly on the silicon
layers to allow for the expansion and contraction of the silicon
Thus the longevity of the battery is increased
But the research is ongoing and these batteries will not get featured on Samsung’s upcoming
Galaxy Note 5 or Samsung Galaxy S7 smart phones
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 17 / 36

50. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Apple’s research for longer battery life
Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4
The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge without
refueling
Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge when
it had been completely drained
Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen
4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

51. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Apple’s research for longer battery life
Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4
The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge without
refueling
Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge when
it had been completely drained
Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen
4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

52. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Apple’s research for longer battery life
Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4
The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge without
refueling
Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge when
it had been completely drained
Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen
4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

53. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Apple’s research for longer battery life
Apple submitted a patent application for a hydrogen fuel cell 4
The technology could power next generation iPhones for a week per charge without
refueling
Patent claims that, rather than recharging, one can simply replace the fuel cartridge when
it had been completely drained
Apple would be looking at a range of possible fuel from lithium hydride to liquid hydrogen
4The US Patent and Trademark Office published it in September 3, 2015 [14 ]
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 18 / 36

54. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
OLED Display Technology
Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8
according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to huge
improvement in battery life
The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from
2018, 5
OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that are
predominantly black
Problems are
The entire iOS should be redesigned
OLED technology will lead to much bigger screens
5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones with
its Galaxy series
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

55. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
OLED Display Technology
Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8
according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to huge
improvement in battery life
The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from
2018, 5
OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that are
predominantly black
Problems are
The entire iOS should be redesigned
OLED technology will lead to much bigger screens
5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones with
its Galaxy series
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

56. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
OLED Display Technology
Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8
according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to huge
improvement in battery life
The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from
2018, 5
OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that are
predominantly black
Problems are
The entire iOS should be redesigned
OLED technology will lead to much bigger screens
5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones with
its Galaxy series
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

57. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
OLED Display Technology
Apple is set to start using brand new screen technology beginning with its iPhone 8
according to the report of the Nikkei Asian Review, [15 ] and this will lead to huge
improvement in battery life
The company is set to switch to new OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) screens from
2018, 5
OLED screens are much more efficient if they are being used to show screens that are
predominantly black
Problems are
The entire iOS should be redesigned
OLED technology will lead to much bigger screens
5Samsung Electronics in 2010 became the first company to use OLEDs in smart phones with
its Galaxy series
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 19 / 36

58. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Battery Technology developed by Oukitel K10000
Chinese smart phone manufacturer Oukitel has claimed that its latest handset has a
battery life of 10-15 days ”under normal usage” [16 ]
Oukitel K10000 comes with a 10,000mAh battery, but the size is 10 times bigger than the
battery of the iPhone 6s
According to Oukitel, the battery takes about three-and-half hours to charge completely
and the smart phone is the one with ”world’s largest battery capacity”
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 20 / 36

59. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Battery Technology developed by Oukitel K10000
Chinese smart phone manufacturer Oukitel has claimed that its latest handset has a
battery life of 10-15 days ”under normal usage” [16 ]
Oukitel K10000 comes with a 10,000mAh battery, but the size is 10 times bigger than the
battery of the iPhone 6s
According to Oukitel, the battery takes about three-and-half hours to charge completely
and the smart phone is the one with ”world’s largest battery capacity”
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 20 / 36

60. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Battery Technology developed by Oukitel K10000
Chinese smart phone manufacturer Oukitel has claimed that its latest handset has a
battery life of 10-15 days ”under normal usage” [16 ]
Oukitel K10000 comes with a 10,000mAh battery, but the size is 10 times bigger than the
battery of the iPhone 6s
According to Oukitel, the battery takes about three-and-half hours to charge completely
and the smart phone is the one with ”world’s largest battery capacity”
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 20 / 36

61. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Solar Panels built into Smart phone screen
Japanese device maker Kyocera in a partnership with SunPartner Technologies, showed a
prototype Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona [17 ]
The component that captures sunlight, called Wysips Crystal, can be installed just below
the touchscreen panel of the smart phone, so it does not affect the user experience, and
feeds the solar energy into the battery
The real limitation of power delivery is due to the fact that the crystals have to be
transparent
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 21 / 36

62. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Solar Panels built into Smart phone screen
Japanese device maker Kyocera in a partnership with SunPartner Technologies, showed a
prototype Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona [17 ]
The component that captures sunlight, called Wysips Crystal, can be installed just below
the touchscreen panel of the smart phone, so it does not affect the user experience, and
feeds the solar energy into the battery
The real limitation of power delivery is due to the fact that the crystals have to be
transparent
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 21 / 36

63. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Solar Panels built into Smart phone screen
Japanese device maker Kyocera in a partnership with SunPartner Technologies, showed a
prototype Mobile World Congress 2015 in Barcelona [17 ]
The component that captures sunlight, called Wysips Crystal, can be installed just below
the touchscreen panel of the smart phone, so it does not affect the user experience, and
feeds the solar energy into the battery
The real limitation of power delivery is due to the fact that the crystals have to be
transparent
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 21 / 36

64. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Sound Powered Smart Phone
Researchers in the UK have built a phone that is able to charge using ambient sound in
the atmosphere around it
Principle is the piezoelectric effect
Interestingly, the nanorods respond to the human voice
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 22 / 36

65. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Sound Powered Smart Phone
Researchers in the UK have built a phone that is able to charge using ambient sound in
the atmosphere around it
Principle is the piezoelectric effect
Interestingly, the nanorods respond to the human voice
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 22 / 36

66. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Hardware Solutions
Sound Powered Smart Phone
Researchers in the UK have built a phone that is able to charge using ambient sound in
the atmosphere around it
Principle is the piezoelectric effect
Interestingly, the nanorods respond to the human voice
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 22 / 36

67. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this chapter
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 23 / 36

68. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Laser-made micro
super-capacitors
Inventors: Scientists at Rice
University
Burning electrode patterns
into sheets of plastic by using
lasers reduces manufacturing
costs and effort massively
The battery can charge 50
times faster than current
batteries and discharge even
slower than current
super-capacitors
Figure 1: Laser-made micro
super-capacitors developed by Rice
University researchers.
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 24 / 36

69. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Laser-made micro
super-capacitors
Inventors: Scientists at Rice
University
Burning electrode patterns
into sheets of plastic by using
lasers reduces manufacturing
costs and effort massively
The battery can charge 50
times faster than current
batteries and discharge even
slower than current
super-capacitors
Figure 1: Laser-made micro
super-capacitors developed by Rice
University researchers.
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 24 / 36

70. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Laser-made micro
super-capacitors
Inventors: Scientists at Rice
University
Burning electrode patterns
into sheets of plastic by using
lasers reduces manufacturing
costs and effort massively
The battery can charge 50
times faster than current
batteries and discharge even
slower than current
super-capacitors
Figure 1: Laser-made micro
super-capacitors developed by Rice
University researchers.
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 24 / 36

71. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Foam Batteries
Inventor: Prieto
A copper foam substrate is
used
Safer; no flammable
electrolyte; longer life, faster
charging, five times higher
density, cheaper and smaller
Figure 2: Prieto Battery’s copper
foam
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 25 / 36

72. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Foam Batteries
Inventor: Prieto
A copper foam substrate is
used
Safer; no flammable
electrolyte; longer life, faster
charging, five times higher
density, cheaper and smaller
Figure 2: Prieto Battery’s copper
foam
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 25 / 36

73. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Foam Batteries
Inventor: Prieto
A copper foam substrate is
used
Safer; no flammable
electrolyte; longer life, faster
charging, five times higher
density, cheaper and smaller
Figure 2: Prieto Battery’s copper
foam
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 25 / 36

74. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

75. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

76. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

77. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

78. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

79. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

80. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

81. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Aluminium Graphite Batteries
Inventors: Scientists at Stanford University
Capable to be fully charged in just one minute
Long lasting and faster charging
Problem: storage capacity about half the power of a current lithium battery
Skin Powered Battery
Electricity can be produced from a person’s skin
A 50nm-thick gold film (used as an electrode) is placed below a silicone rubber layer
composed of thousands of tiny pillars resulting more surface area for skin contact and
more friction
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 26 / 36

82. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Other Upcoming batteries
StoreDot charges mobiles in 30 seconds
Shawn West’s 26-second charge batteries (Li-ion capacitors store electrical energy)
Water dew powered batteries
Solid State Batteries
· · ·
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 27 / 36

83. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this chapter
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 28 / 36

84. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
The battery analytics of the following iPhone apps has been measured in [18 ] by an app called
Normal: Battery Analytics
Apps Power Expenditure
BT Wi-Fi 1 hour 42 minutes
Google Search 1 hour 24 minutes
Facebook Messenger 1hour 20 minutes
Google Hangouts 1 hour 09 minutes
WhatsApp 58 minutes
Google Maps 52 minutes
Viber 43 minutes
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 29 / 36

85. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
In this chapter
1 Introduction
2 Li-ion batteries
3 Power Management Technologies
4 Future Batteries
5 Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps
6 Conclusion
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 30 / 36

86. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
And miles to go · · ·
Still power management of smart phones is far from optimal
Lot more researches to be done, especially with alternative sources
On the other hand, so many ultra-modern batteries developed so far kindle hopes for a
huge improvement in power manage technologies of smart phones in the upcoming years
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 31 / 36

87. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
And miles to go · · ·
Still power management of smart phones is far from optimal
Lot more researches to be done, especially with alternative sources
On the other hand, so many ultra-modern batteries developed so far kindle hopes for a
huge improvement in power manage technologies of smart phones in the upcoming years
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 31 / 36

88. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
And miles to go · · ·
Still power management of smart phones is far from optimal
Lot more researches to be done, especially with alternative sources
On the other hand, so many ultra-modern batteries developed so far kindle hopes for a
huge improvement in power manage technologies of smart phones in the upcoming years
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 31 / 36

89. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
References I
A. Carroll and G. Heiser
An Analysis of Power Consumption in a Smartphone
http://phys.org/news/201304memoryeffectlithiumionbatteries.html
Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez and Jon Crowcroft
Energy Management Techniques in Modern Mobile Handsets
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS
G. F. Welch
A survey of power management techniques in mobile computing operating systems
SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 29, pp. 47âĂŞ56, October 1995
A. Roy, S. M. Rumble, R. Stutsman, P. Levis, D. Mazi`eres, and N. Zeldovich
Energy management in mobile devices with the cinder operating system, in Proceedings of
the sixth conference on Computer systems, ser. EuroSys ’11. New York, NY, USA: ACM,
2011, pp. 139âĂŞ152
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 32 / 36

90. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
References II
Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez and Jon Crowcroft
ErdOS: achieving energy savings in mobile OS in Proceedings of the sixth international
workshop on MobiArch, ser. MobiArch ’11. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011, pp. 37âĂŞ42
N. Ravi, J. Scott, L. Han, and L. Iftode
Context-aware Battery Management for Mobile Phones in Pervasive Computing and
Communications, 2008. PerCom 2008. Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on,
march 2008, pp. 224-233
A. Shye, B. Scholbrock, and G. Memik
Into the wild: studying real user activity patterns to guide power optimizations for mobile
architectures in Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on
Microarchitecture, ser. MICRO 42. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009, pp. 168-178
D. Rakhmatov and S. Vrudhula
Energy management for battery-powered embedded systems in ACM Trans. on Embedded
Computing Systems 2003, 2, 277-324
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 33 / 36

91. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
References III
T. Pering, Y. Agarwal, R. Gupta and R. Want
Coolspots: reducing the power consumption of wireless mobile devices with multiple radio
interfaces in Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on Mobile Systems,
Applications, and Services, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2006; pp. 220-232
Y. Agarwal, R. Chandra, A. Wolman, P. Bahl and R. Gupta
Wireless wakeups revisited: energy management for voip over wi-fi smartphones in
Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and
Services, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 2007; pp. 179-191
I. Constandache, S. Gaonkar, M. Sayler, R. R. Choudhury and L. Cox
EnLoc: energy-efficient localization for mobile phones INFOCOM, Rio de Jaeiro, Brazil,
April 2009; pp. 2716-2720
S. Kang, J. Lee, H. Jang, H. Lee, Y. Lee, S. Park, T. Park and J. Song
SeeMon: scalable and energy-efficient context monitoring framework for sensor-rich mobile
environments in Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Systems,
Applications, and Services, Breckenridge, CO, USA, June 2008; pp. 267-280
B.-G. Chun, S. Ihm, P. Maniatis, M. Naik, and A. Patti
CloneCloud: elastic execution between mobile device and cloud in Proceedings of the sixth
conference on Computer systems, ser. EuroSys ’11, pp. 301-314
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 34 / 36

92. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
References IV
http://www.techtimes.com/articles/64353/20150629/
samsungsnewgraphenetechnologywilldoublelifeofyourlithiumionbattery.htm
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/
samsungdevelopingnewtechnologydoublebatterylifesmartphones
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/11842399/
Applefilesnewpatentforfuelcellbatterythatcouldlastweeks.html
http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/
Apple-to-adopt-OLED-display-for-iPhone-from-2018
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/
oukitelk10000chinesesmartphonemakerclaimsbatterylife15days
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/180954457/
solarpanelsinthescreensofsmartphonescouldpowerthedevices
http://www.knowyourmobile.com/apple/apple-iphone-6/22038/
10-apps-are-killing-your-iphones-battery-life
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 35 / 36

93. Introduction Li-ion batteries Power Management Technologies Future Batteries Power Consumption of Different Mobile Apps Conclusion References
Thank You!!!
Power Management of Smart Phones Sumanta Chakraborty 36 / 36