First Generation Biofuels

1. First Generation Biofuels
By:
Mohit Kohli BTBM/13/212
Mohit Rana BTBM/13/213
Sukriti Singh BTBM/13/242
Shriya Vyas BTBM/13/246
Green Technology

2. What are Biofuels ?
Biofuels are fossil fuel substitutes that can be
made from a range of agricultural crops and
other sources of biomass. The two most
common current Biofuels are ethanol and
biodiesel.

3. Why Biofuels have become a key issue?
 Energy security (increasing oil prices, need for alternative
source of energy)
 To decrease greenhouse gas emission
 To promote rural development

4. BIOFUELS GENERATIONS:
1. FIRST GENERATION BIOFUEL
 Biofuel made from sugar, starchy crops, vegetable oil or animal fat
using conventional technology.
 The starch from the basic feedstocks is fermented into bioethanol, or
the vegetable oil through chemical process to biodiesel.
 These feedstocks could instead enter the animal or human food chain.
 They don’t seem to be more environment friendly than the fossil fuels.

6. BIOFUELS GENERATIONS:
2. SECOND GENERATION BIOFUEL

Second Generation Biofuels come from Woody crops and grasses species
(lignocellulosic) and other waste oils
Advantages vs 1st
generation:
 Increase quantitative potential for biofuel generation per hectare
 Grow on poor, degradated soils where food crop production is not optimal
(Jatropha).
 Less effects on commodity markets

7. 2. SECOND GENERATION BIOFUEL
Disadvantages:
 More of these species can be invasive and have negative impacts
on water resources, biodiversity and agriculture
 At the moment they are still more expensive than fossil fuels
 Still under research and development for a significant commercial scale

8. BIOFUELS GENERATIONS:
3. THIRD GENERATION BIOFUEL
The third generation biofuels come from algae, that are low-input, high-yield
feedstock to produce Biofuels

9. 3. THIRD GENERATION BIOFUEL
 30 - 100 times more energy productive and effective
 The Biomass leftover from oil pressing can be used for animal
feeding and ethanol production
 Processing Biofuel from algae can capture large amount of CO2
 They are relatively easy to grow, but the algal oil is hard and
expensive to extract.

10. Brief about 1st
Generation
Biofuel
 Biodiesel: This is the most common type of biofuel commonly used in the European
countries. This type of biofuel is mainly produced using a process called
transesterification. This fuel if very similar to the mineral diesel and is chemically
known as fatty acid methyl. This oil is produced after mixing the biomass with methanol
and sodium hydroxide. The chemical reaction thereof produces biodiesel. Biodiesel is
very commonly used for the various diesel engines after mixing up with mineral diesel.
Now in many countries the manufacturers of the diesel engine ensure that the engine
works well even with the biodiesel.
The first generation biofuels refer to the fuels that have been derived
from sources like starch, sugar, animal fats and vegetable oil. The oil is
obtained using the conventional techniques of production. Some of the
most popular types of first generation biofuels are:

11.  Vegetable oil: These kinds of oil can be either used for cooking purpose or even as fuel.
The main fact that determines the usage of this oil is the quality. The oil with good
quality is generally used for cooking purpose. Vegetable oil can even be used in most of
the old diesel engines, but only in warm atmosphere. In most of the countries, vegetable
oil is mainly used for the production of biodiesel
 Biogas: Biogas is mainly produced after the anaerobic digestion of the organic materials.
Biogas can also be produced with the biodegradation of waste materials which are fed
into anaerobic digesters which yields biogas. The residue or the by product can be easily
used as manure or fertilizers for agricultural use. The biogas produced is very rich in
methane which can be easily recovered through the use of mechanical biological
treatment systems. A less clean form of biogas is the landfill gas which is produced by
the use of naturally occurring anaerobic digesters, but the main threat is that these
gases can be a severe threat if escapes into the atmosphere.

12. • Bioalcohols: These are alcohols produced by the use of enzymes and micro
organisms through the process of fermentation of starches and sugar.
• Ethanol is the most common type of bioalcohol whereas butanol and
propanol are some of the lesser known ones.
• Biobutanol is sometimes also referred to as a direct replacement of
gasoline because it can be directly used in the various gasoline engines.
Butanol is produced using the process of fermentation, and some of the
experiments have also proved that butanol is a more energy efficient fuel
and can be directly used in the various gasoline engines.
• Syngas: This is a gas that is produce after the combined process of gasification,
combustion and pyrolysis.
• Biofuel used in this process is converted into carbon monoxide and then
into energy by pyrolysis. During the process, very little oxygen is supplied
to keep combustion under control.
• In the last step known as gasification the organic materials are converted
into gases like carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The resulting gas Syngas
can be used for various purposes.

13. First Generation
Biofuel
First generation
biofuels and
implications for
the
sustainability
Opposition to 1G biofuels is
generally assumed to be
about conflict with food
security.
On burning releases high
CO2 content leading to
various environmental
challenges
Waste generation in this
process is more.

16.  Biofuels present both opportunities and risks. The results
would depend on the specific context of the country and the
policies adopted.
 Developing countries and International organizations have to
commit themselves to apply policies aimed at making food
security a priority
 Poor farmers from the developing countries are unlikely to
receive benefits from higher food prices and are the most likely
to be negatively affected.
 Biofuels will continue to push up commodity prices, which will have
implications for food security and poverty levels in developing countries
 Investment in research and development in Second and Third Generation has
to be taken in high consideration.
CONCLUSIONS:

17. References:
• Recent Advances in Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors S. Kumar, S. P. Singh, I. M. Mishra, D. K. Adhikari, 19 March 2009
• The Impact of First-Generation Biofuels on the Depletion of the Global Phosphorus
Reserve by Lars Hein, Rik Leeman, Jun 2012
• Lessons from first generation biofuels and implications for the sustainability
appraisal of second generation biofuels Alison Mohr n , Sujatha Raman, 2013
• http://energyfromwasteandwood.weebly.com/generations-of-biofuels.html
• http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/infographics/different-generations-
biofuel
• http://biofuel.org.uk/first-generation-biofuels.html