green house,design,and its type

1. Presentation
on
Greenhouse and different type of structures
Design and development of low cost
greenhouse structures
Sukhdeep Singh
MSc Fruit Science
97273

2. What is Green House
A greenhouse is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of
transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated
climatic conditions are grown.
OR
“A greenhouse is a framed or an inflated structure covered with a
transparent material which permits at least partial control of plant
environment and which are large enough to permit a person to carry
out cultural operations” (Chandra and Panwar 1987 ).
The purpose of growing crops under greenhouse conditions is to extend
their cropping season and to protect them from adverse environmental
conditions, such as extreme temperatures and precipitation, and from
diseases and pests (Hanan et al. 1978 ).

3. Types of Structures
Styles of greenhouses vary widely. How they are built and what they
are built with is often the result of factors such as budget, material
availability, area of the country, crops to be grown and long term use.
These are following:-
 Lean-to type
 Even span
 Ridge and furrow
 Quonset Greenhouse
 Barrel Vault Greenhouse
 Dutch Venlo Greenhouse
( Von Elsner et al., 2000)

4. Lean to Greenhouse
A lean to greenhouse is
attached to a home or building
allowing for easier access to
utilities including electricity
and water supply.
One advantage of a lean to
greenhouse is that it is in close
proximity to your house and
allows for better monitoring
of your plants. A
disadvantage of a lean to
greenhouse is that sunlight
entrance is limited.

5. Even Span Greenhouse
The even span greenhouse has
even pitched sides similar to that
of a house. An advantage of the
even span greenhouse is that they
are most common and have even
spacing. A disadvantage of even
span greenhouses is that they have
overlapping panes which increases
the chance of leakage.

6. Ridge and Furrow
Greenhouse
The ridge and furrow
greenhouse is a jointed
community of even span
greenhouses. This design
allows for an increase of space
and sunlight. A disadvantage of
the ridge and furrow greenhouse
would be that if water was not
correctly drained, damage could
be caused. Also, shadows from
gutters could prohibit sunlight.

7. Quonset Greenhouse
A quonset greenhouse is dome
shaped and provides optimal sun
entrance.Quonset greenhouses
have ventilation systems, heating
systems, circulation fans, and
better environmental control. An
advantage of the quonset
greenhouse is that they work
well on hillsides and maximizes
heating from the sun. A
disadvantage of the quonset
greenhouse is that they are
expensive require more support
because of the uneven structure.

8. Barrel Vault Greenhouse
The barrel vault greenhouse
consists of several quonset
type greenhouses connected
through gutters. An
advantage is that they can be
built with a ridge vent which
provides air circulation
throughout. A disadvantage
would be that they are
difficult to maintain.

9. Dutch Venlo Greenhouse
The dutch venlo greenhouse is
modification of the ridge and
furrow greenhouse. High
winter sunlight is reached easily
to grow certain crops. A
disadvantage of the Dutch
Venlo greenhouse is that the
highly ventilated windows can
allow cold air to enter the
greenhouse.

10. Types of Greenhouses
Glasshouse

11. Glass House:-
As its name indicates, glass is used as glazing material in this
greenhouse. Perhaps this is the first and oldest among all types of
greenhouse structures. Glass panels are fitted with the help of a
wooden or metal frame. It can be of any shape and size and it is pretty
effective for winter cultivation, but due to increase in day temperature
in summer, it becomes unfit for cultivation during summer. High
initial cost, difficulty in construction, and frequent damage of glass
panels by strong winds are other discouraging factors. In hilly regions,
only a few of such structures are found for research

12. Net House
Net house is a framed structure made of materials such as GI pipes,
angle iron, wood or bamboo. It is covered with plastics net (Nets are
made of 100% Polyethylene thread with specialised UV treatment)
having different shade percentages. It provides partially controlled
atmosphere and environment by reducing light intensity and effective
heat during day time to crops grown under it. Hence round the year
seasonal and off-season cultivation is possible.
Nets are available in different shade percentages or shade factor i.e
15%, 35%, 40%, 50% 75% and 90% (for example 35% shade factor
means - the net will cut 35% of light intensity and would allow only
65% of light intensity to pass through the net).
D.T. Santosh*, K.N. Tiwari

14. Advantages of Nethouse
• Helps in cultivation of flower
plants, foliage plants, medicinal
plants, vegetables and spices.
• Used for fruit and vegetable
nurseries as well as for raising
of forest species etc.
• Used to protect against pest
attack.
• Protects from natural weather
disturbances such as wind, rain,
hail and frost.
• Used in production of graft
saplings and reducing its
mortality during hot summer
days.
• Used for hardening tissue
culture plant lets

15. Application of Nethouse
• Nursery propagation, floriculture, indoor plants, vegetables,
tea, coffee, spices.
• Hardening of plants.
• Cattle shed, Fish Pond, Poultry Farming etc
• Drying of various Agro products
• Acts as a wind breaker
• Greenhouse, terrace gardening & fencing
• Used as safety nets for building repairs & constructions
• Vermi compost unit

16. Polytunnel
• A polytunnel (also known as a polyhouse, hoop
greenhouse or hoophouse, grow tunnel or high tunnel) is a tunnel
typically made from z35 Steel and covered in polythene usually semi-
circular, square or elongated in shape. The interior heats up because
incoming solar radiation from the sun warms plants, soil, and other
things inside the building faster than heat can escape the structure.
• Temperature, humidity and ventilation can be controlled by
equipment fixed in the polytunnel or by manual opening and closing
of vents.
Bhattacharyya, Pramit (May 17, 2012).

17. Polytunnel

18. Uses
• Polytunnels can be used to provide a higher temperature and/or
humidity than that which is available in the environment but
can also protect crops from intense heat, bright
sunlight, winds, hailstones, and cold waves. This
allows fruits and vegetables to be grown at times usually
considered off season; market gardeners commonly use
polytunnels for season extension.
• Beyond season extension, polytunnels are also used to allow
cold-hardy crops to overwinter in regions where
their hardiness isn't quite strong enough for them to survive
outdoors.

19. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW
COST GREENHOUSE
The greenhouse is now better understood as a system of controlled
environment agriculture (CEA), with a precise control of air,
temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide, water and plant nutrition
(Tiwari, G. N., 2003)
The main purpose of greenhouse technology is to provide a good
growing environment for successfully growing high quality plants
round the year. The growing of fruits, flowers and vegetables under
greenhouse is common practice.
Ref:-
G. RAJENDER, K. SUSHANTH, K. MITHUN, B.
DEVENDER, D. RAJU & K. ANOOSHA

20. Overall Dimensions of Low Cost Greenhouse of Area
50 m2
Length of greenhouse 10m
Width of greenhouse 5m
Distance between Side poles 2.5m
Distance between centre poles 2.5m
Depth of foundation 0.6 m
Height up to gutter 2.0 m
Height up to top 3.5 m
Top ventilation 0.5 m
Side ventilation 0.5 m
The length of line joining between left side
pole to central pole
2.7 m
The length of line joining between right side
pole to central pole
2.91 m

21. MATERIALS REQUIRED
The following materials are required to construct the low cost
greenhouse
Wooden Posts:-
The wooden posts of instance casuarina wood were used.
These wooden posts are used for main structure like side posts and
central posts. The height of the side posts and central posts would be 3
m and 4.2 m long respectively. A proper selection of these posts will
help in maintaining symmetry of the structure.
Bamboos:-
Usually a light weight, small diameter bamboos were
used.The average diameter of bamboo taken was 6.2 cm. The length
of bamboos used was 5.5 m. These bamboos were generally used for
making the frame of the green house.

22. CASUARINA WOOD

23. BAMBOOS

24. Cladding Material
UV stabilized 200-micron polyethylene of size 140 square
meters are used for 50 square meters of floor area. Size of cladding
material will depend upon side areas and frame area of the
greenhouse.
· Insect Proof Net
Insect proof net was used to prevent the entry of insects
into the greenhouse. The net was covered along the side and top
ventilations. Size of the insect proof net will be 15 square meters for
50 square meters of floor area which is equivalent to ventilation area.

25. INSECT PROOF NET

26. CLADDING MATERIAL

27. Frame Work

28. THANKS