the structure of and formation blood cells, erythrocyte,leucocyte,neutrophil,basophil,eosinophil,lymphocyte T,lymphocyte B, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis,leucopoiesis,granulocytopoiesis,agranulocytopoiesis,lymphopoiesis

1. BLOOD CELLS AND HEMATOPOESIS I WAYAN SUGIRITAMA http://sugiritama.blogspot.com sugiritama@gmail.com

5. 9-12 µm in diameter

6. Multilobe nucleus

7. Female : drum stick/Barr Body

8. Granules :

9. Small spesific granules

10. Azurophilic granules (Lysosomes)

11. Tertiary granules (gelatine and cathepsins)

12. Function :

15. LYMPHOCYTES 20%-25% of total leucocyte 8-10 µm in diameter Round nucleus with slight indented, occupies most of the cell Contain few azurophilic granules

16. MONOCYTES Largest circulating blood cells 3-8% ot total leucocyte Large, acentric, kidney- shape nucleus numerous azurophlic granules Migrate to the connective tissue  MACROPHAGES (phagocytose antigens and as APC)

17. PLATELETS 250.000-400.000 platelets/mm3 2 to 4 µm in diameter Display peripheral clear region (hyalomere ) and central darker region (granulomere) receptor molecules (glycocalyx) on plasmalemma Function : Blood clott

18. HEMATOPOIESIS Mature blood cells have a relatively short life span Must be continusly replaced by stem cells Stem cells produce in HEMATOPOIETIC ORGAN

19. PRENATAL HEMOPOIESIS Subdivide into four phases : Mesoblastic : begin after 2 weeks after conception at yolk sac Mesenchymal cells aggregate into blood islands Hepatic Begins at 6 weeks until end of gestation Nucleated erythrocyte Appear of leucocyte (8th week) Splenic Begin at second trimester until end of gestation Myeloid Begin at the end of second trimester Hemopoiesis at bone marrow

20. POSTNATAL HEMOPOIESIS Hemopoiesis almost exclusively in BONE MARROW Stem cells undergo multiple cells divisions and differentiation Replace the cells that leave the blood stream, die or destroy

21. BONE MARROW A gelatinous, vascular connective tissue located in medulary cavity of long bones Responsible for hemopoiesis Structure : Vascular compartment Extensive network of sinusoids , arteries and veins form the Hemopoietic compartment Islands of hematopoietic cells Hemopoietic cells in various stage of maturation

22. HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORSTable 10-6 Gartner colour text histology Regulated the hemopoiesis Produce by spesific cells Acts on spesific stem cells, progenitor cells, and precursor cells The route to deliver growth factor : Via blood stream Secrete near the hemopoietic cells Direct cell-cell contact Induced rapid mitosis or and differentiation Most ot them are glycoproteins

23. HEMATOPOIESIS

24. ERYTHROPOIESIS Formation of red blood cells Generates 2.5 x 10 11 erythrocytes /day By two types of unipotential progenitor cell BFU-E CFU-E Regulate by : erythropoietin

25. PROERYTHROBLAST .

26. NORMOBLAST .

27. RETICULOCYTE

28. ERYTHROCYTE Biconcave-shape disk Without nuclei and organelles Have soluble enzymes Filled with Hemoglobin (Hb) Average life span of erythrocyte : 120 days

29. GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS Formation of the granulocytes (neuthrophil, eosinophil, and basophil CFU-Eo : eosinophil lineage CFU-Ba : Basophil lineage CFU-GM CFH-G : Neutrophil line CFU-M : monocyte line Influence by G-CSF, GM-CSF

30. GRANULOCYTOPOIESIS

31. EOSINOPHYL STAB

32. NEUTROPHYL STAB

33. BASOPHIL (BONE MARROW)

34. MONOCYTOPOIESIS

35. PROMONOCYTE

36. PLATELET FORMATION CFU-Meg, gives rise the Megakaryoblast Megakaryoblast differentiate  Megakaryocytes (single lobulated nucleus) Megakaryocytes protrude  clusters of proplatelets  platelets

37. MEGAKARYOCYTE

38. LYMPHOPOIESIS CFU-Ly divides form the CFU-LyB and CFU-LyT CFU-LyB migrate to “bursa-equivalent location”, divided  B lymphocytes CFU-LyT undergo mitosis migrate to the Thymus  T lymphocytes

39. LYMPHOBLAST

40. LEARNING TASKS Expain the composition of the blood! Explain the structure of formed elements of blood! How to differentiate the blood cells from a blood-smear? Explain the classification and function of leucocyte ! Explain the maturation of lymphocyte! What blood cell would be in abundance during an active parasitic infection? Explain your answer! Eplain the structure and function of platelets! What blood cell in bone marrow is the earliest recognizable stage of the red blood cell line? Describe the structure of erythrocyte if lack of this nutrient: vitamin B12 and iron during the erythrocytopoiesis

41. I WAYAN SUGIRITAMA http://sugiritama.blogspot.com sugiritama@gmail.com