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The Francois
   Vase
 Kleitias painter
The Basics
             Location: Museo Archeologico,
             Florence
             Date: c.570 B.C.E. (archaic period)
             Painter: Kleitias
             Potter: Ergotimos
             Shape: volute krater
             Size: 66cm
             Technique: black figure
             Function: mixing bowl for wine and
             water.
Dimensions
                 Diameter of mouth: 57cm




    Widest
circumference:
    181cm



                                           Height: 66cm
Decoration Technique
                    Shape and decoration revolutionary
                     for time
                    Painted decoration inspired by
                     Corinthian miniaturist style in vogue
                     during orientalising period
                    Division into seven friezes or bands
                      270 human and animal figurines
                         and 121 of them inscribed with
                         names
                    Boustrophe: the writing goes in
                     either direction,
                    Other features of orientalising period
                     evident
                      mythological animals such as
                         griffins and sphinxes as well as
                         exotic vegetable motifs like the
                         lotus and palmette
Subject
                               Troy – Iliad
                               Majority of scenes celebrate deeds
                                of Achilles and his father Peleus
                               Wedding of Peleus and Thetis
                               Hunting of Calydonian boar
                               Pursuit of Troilus
                               Funeral games of Patroclus and on
                                the back of the handle Ajax is
                                depicted carrying body of deceased
                                 Achilles
                               Theseus dancing victory dance –
                                the Geranos. Involved in battle of
                                Lapiths and Centaurs
                               Goddes Artemis depicted on the
                                back of the handle as the ‘Pontia
                                Theron’ or the Mistress of Animals
    Ajax carries Achilles
Conventions of Black Figure
                      silhouettes filled in with slip
                      added colour, including white
                       for female flesh,
                        some drapery,

                        a couple of horses and the

                           dog (now almost entirely
                           worn away) on the back of
                           the Kalydonian boar;
                        purple on some drapery;

                        red on some men's faces.

                      incision for hair, internal details
                       of anatomy and ornate patterns
      Artemis          on some clothing.
Figures
             small-scale, silhouette figures.
             pose often has profile head (but with
              frontal eye); frontal torso and profile legs
              and feet
             incision of anatomical detail is delicate
              and precise, showing an accurate
              knowledge of major muscle groups.
             attempts to suggest texture with smooth
              human hair and the spiky bristles of the
              boar.
             attempts to show movement: one foot in
              front of the other; raised and
              outstretched legs suggest running; joined
              hands for dancers.
             emotion suggested by gestures such as
              raised hands.
             movement and gesture lively and active in
              most scenes; restrained and dignified in
              the wedding procession.
Analysing the
bands
Side A: The Neck




     1. The hunt for the Kalydonian Boar
     2. Achilles’ chariot race
First Band – The hunt for the Kalydonian
Boar                  The Myth
                            The leader of the hunt was Meleager
                            Artemis sent the boar after Meleager’s
                            father offended her by not including her
                            in his yearly sacrifices to the Gods
                            Many heroes joined Meleager; Castor,
                            Polydeuces, Jason, Peleus, Theseus and
                            his friend Peirithous the Lapith, and the
    Atalanta   Meleager     woman Atalanta
               and Peleus
                            The Vase
                            In the picture the hunters advance on the
                            boar. Atalanta, her skin painted white
                            holds a dart. Beside her is her future
                            husband, Melanion. Beyond him is a dog
                            preparing to leap
The hunt for the Kalydonian Boar
                  The Myth
                  Atalanta’s father had not wanted a female child and left
                  her on a mountainside. Under the protection of
                  Artemis she grew to be deadly hunter. The other
                  hunters had objected to a female on the hunt but
                  Meleager had fallen in love with her and insisted
                  The Vase
                  In the top picture the boar is wounded by three arrows
                  and has killed Ankaios and a dog
                  Hunters and another dog attack from behind, driving
                  the boar on to the spears of Peleus and Meleager, who is
                  shown without a beard to indicate his youth
                  A white dog, now mostly worn off, has leapt on to the
                  boar's back - only the faint outline and the gaps in the
                  boar's bristles show where it was
                  Four more pairs of hunters pursue the boar, assisted by
                  two Scythian archers, one sporting an ornately decorated
                  tunic.
Second Band – Achilles’ chariot race




 The chariot race is held by Achilles for his dead friend Patroclus who
 had died at the hands of the Trojan hero, Hector. Achilles had taken
 his revenge and cornering Hector slew him. All the charioteers race in
 the same direction. The prizes for the winner, a tripod (a bowl sitting
 on three legs) and a dinos (handleless bowl used for mixing water and
 wine), are used to fill in the void under the horses’ feet.
Under the handles of the vase, on
                                                both sides, is this scene of the dead
                                                   Achilles being carried by Ajax.


                                                     The myth tells of how, when
                                                 Achilles was killed by Paris’ arrow,
                                                     Ajax rescued his armour and
                                                   carried his body back to camp,
                                                      while Odysseus warded off
                                                              attackers.
Compositional stability: the horizontal and vertical
straight lines of Ajax contrasts with the diagonal lines
formed by Achilles’ body. Also the eyes contrast.
Side A – The body of the Vase




       3. The wedding of Thetis and Peleus
            4. Achilles pusues Troilus
             5. Oriental animal frieze
Third Band – The wedding of Thetis and
Peleus               The Myth
                       Marriage of mortal Peleus and immortal sea-
                      goddess Thetis. The most significant myth
                      depicted. Thetis wooed by both Zeus and
                      Poseidon until found out her son would be
                      greater than his father. Married her to the
                      hero Peleus. Son was Achilles. Incidents
                      that occurred at the wedding led the Trojan
                      War
                      The Vase
                      Peleus is standing in front of his home while
                      Thetis sits in the open doorway, waiting to
                      welcome their guests.
                      Attended by all of the major gods with Zeus
                      and Hera in the first chariot
                      A comic Dionysus runs ahead of them,
                      carrying a jar of wine.
Fourth Band – Achilles pursues Troilus
                       The Myth
                       This event called the Cypria, was the earliest in Trojan
                       War. Prophesied that Troy would never be taken if
                       Troilus, the son of Priam, reached his twentieth year.
                       Achilles waited beside the fountain house. Troilus
                       saw and fled on horseback to the safety of Apollo.
                       Achilles killed him on the altar of Apollo, something
                       that god never forgave him for
                       The Vase
                        Apollo, stands to the left of the fountain-house, his
                       stance and gesture suggesting danger and urgency

                       A youth places his hydria beneath one of the water
         Youth
Apollo                 spouts.
                       On the other side a girl waits for her hydria to fill, but
                       she has caught sight of the impending tragedy behind
                       her and throws up her arms in horror
Achilles pursuit of Troilus
                                             Between the girl and the action stand
                                             three gods: Thetis, mother of Achilles,
                                             Hermes, and Athene,
                                             The central image shows Achilles in
                                             pursuit of Achilles
                              Troilus
           Achilles                          To the right, Antenor brings the bad
                                             news to King Priam, shown sitting
Polyxena
                                             outside the walls of Troy with only a
                                             staff to support him in his old age and
                                             sorrow.
                                             Two warriors, Troilos's brothers Hektor
                                             and Polites, emerge from the gates on
                                             their way to rescue their brother or
      Antenor         Priam     Hektor and   avenge his death.
                                Polites
Fifth Band
                Orientalising – inspired
                 animal frieze
                A lion fells a bull
                A lion fells a stag
                A pair of griffins sitting
                 either side of a Lotus and
                 palmette motif
Side B – The Neck




        1. Dance of the Athenian Youths
            2. The Centauromarchy
The First Frieze: The Geranos

The Myth:
Whilst travelling, Aegeus, King of Athens, spent a
  night at Troezen, in the house of the king. That
  night he slept with Princess Aithra, and in the
  morning, as he left, he hid his sandals and sword
  under a heavy rock.
Aegeus told Aithra that if she bore a son he would
  only acknowledge him when he could lift the rock
  and claim the sword and sandals.
When Theseus was sixteen, he did just that, before
  setting off for Athens to meet his father.
He was desperate to make a good impression, so
  along the way he completed some dangerous and
  impressive tasks.
Theseus arrived in Athens wearing the sword and
  sandals. Medea, Aegeus's wife, attempted to poison
  Theseus, but as soon as Aegeus recognized the
  heirlooms, he proclaimed Theseus his son and heir
  and banished Medea.
Theseus killed a few relatives who wearing making life
  hard for his father, and killed a wild bull on the
  plain of Marathon.
He then began his most famous deed.
Athens had to pay a tribute each year of seven young
  women and seven young men to King Minos of
  Crete, as payment for the death of Minos’ son
  Androgeos.
These sacrifices were fed to a monster called the
  Minotaur. Theseus volunteered to be one of the
  fourteen, and, having arranged a signal to show his
  success with his father, set off for Crete.
He was helped by Ariadne, daughter of King Minos,
  who gave him a dagger and a ball of wool.
Theseus killed the Minotaur and found his way out of the
  maze, whereupon he met Ariadne and the other 13
  Athenians, and together they fled back to Athens.
Theseus forgot the signal he had arranged with his father,
  however, and sailed back to Athens under black sails.
Aegeus was watching for the ship by the coast, and when he
  saw the ship approaching, in his grief he threw himself into
  the sea. The sea has been called Aegean Sea ever since, and
  Theseus became King of Athens.
First Band – The Geranos
                   The Myth
                   The Geranos, or victory dance occurred
                   after Theseus had rescued the fourteen
                   Athenian youths and maidens from the
                   minotaur.
                   The Vase
                   In the victory dance on and the vase,
                   the youths and maidens can be seen
                   holding hands and miming their hurried
                   exit from the labyrinth, to the sound of
                   Theseus’ lyre
                   The women wear the peplos, the men
                   the himation (cloak)
The Second Frieze – The
  Centauromachy
The Myth
The Centaurs were half-human, half-horse creatures, who ate raw meat and
  lived a wild, unbridled life in the caves of Mount Pelion.

A dispute arose between them and King Peirithous who ruled the Kingdom
   of the Lapiths. The Centaurs were invited to the wedding of King
   Peirithous, but the Centaurs disgraced themselves by getting drunk and
   trying to make off the with bride and the women at the wedding.

The King Peirithous, Theseus and the Lapiths pursued them, and in the
  ensuing battle, many Centaurs were killed. The Centaurs were then
  banished to live in the forests of Thessaly.
Hylaios
          Kaineus a leader of the Lapiths, has
                                                   Next to them another centaur
          fallen to the ground under a hail of
                                                     and a Lapith duel, branch
          blows from the centaur Hylaios, who
                                                           against javelin
          belabours him with a branch while two
          other centaurs bring large rocks to deal
                                                              A centaur rears above a
          the fatal blow.                                      fallen comrade to hurl a
                                                                   rock at (possibly)
             Kaineus died but the Lapiths won the battle               Theseus.
Fourth Band – The Return of Hephaistos

                                     The Myth

                                     Hephaistos had been hurled out of
                                     heaven by his mother Hera for intefering
                                     in an argument between her and Zeus.
                                     He then designed a throne that kept Hera
                                     bound and then went into hiding. Zeus
                                     offered the hand of Aphrodite in order to
                                     get Hephaistos to release her. Dionysus
                                     then led the lame God back to Olympus

           Hephaistos Accompanied    The Vase
Dionysus   drunk      by satyrs or
leads                                Depicts the return of Hephaistos to
                      nymphs
                                     Olympus. Dionysus leads his mule and
                                     they are accompanied by nymphs and
                                     satyrs. The latter most commonly
                                     depicted in a state of sexual arousal
The Foot Frieze – The Battle between
Pygmies and Cranes

              See p. 23 in White text
                        Or
                 p. 8 in Black text
Connections:

   Achilles
              Peleus on Lip Side A
              Patroclus on Neck Side A
              Marriage of Thetis and Peleus on Shoulder
              Troilus on Belly Side A
              Ajax on handles
   Artemis
             Kalydonian Boar on Lip Side A
             Thetis and Peleus’ Marriage on Shoulder
             Surrounded by animals on handles


   Theseus
             Kalydonian Boar on Lip Side A
             Leader of the dance on Lip Side B
             Friend of Peirithous on Neck Side B
Overall Themes:

   Greek victory over Trojans (in particular),
    barbarians and animals
   Gods’ preference for the Greeks

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The francois vase

  • 1. The Francois Vase Kleitias painter
  • 2. The Basics Location: Museo Archeologico, Florence Date: c.570 B.C.E. (archaic period) Painter: Kleitias Potter: Ergotimos Shape: volute krater Size: 66cm Technique: black figure Function: mixing bowl for wine and water.
  • 3. Dimensions Diameter of mouth: 57cm Widest circumference: 181cm Height: 66cm
  • 4. Decoration Technique  Shape and decoration revolutionary for time  Painted decoration inspired by Corinthian miniaturist style in vogue during orientalising period  Division into seven friezes or bands  270 human and animal figurines and 121 of them inscribed with names  Boustrophe: the writing goes in either direction,  Other features of orientalising period evident  mythological animals such as griffins and sphinxes as well as exotic vegetable motifs like the lotus and palmette
  • 5. Subject  Troy – Iliad  Majority of scenes celebrate deeds of Achilles and his father Peleus  Wedding of Peleus and Thetis  Hunting of Calydonian boar  Pursuit of Troilus  Funeral games of Patroclus and on the back of the handle Ajax is depicted carrying body of deceased Achilles  Theseus dancing victory dance – the Geranos. Involved in battle of Lapiths and Centaurs  Goddes Artemis depicted on the back of the handle as the ‘Pontia Theron’ or the Mistress of Animals Ajax carries Achilles
  • 6. Conventions of Black Figure  silhouettes filled in with slip  added colour, including white for female flesh,  some drapery,  a couple of horses and the dog (now almost entirely worn away) on the back of the Kalydonian boar;  purple on some drapery;  red on some men's faces.  incision for hair, internal details of anatomy and ornate patterns Artemis on some clothing.
  • 7. Figures  small-scale, silhouette figures.  pose often has profile head (but with frontal eye); frontal torso and profile legs and feet  incision of anatomical detail is delicate and precise, showing an accurate knowledge of major muscle groups.  attempts to suggest texture with smooth human hair and the spiky bristles of the boar.  attempts to show movement: one foot in front of the other; raised and outstretched legs suggest running; joined hands for dancers.  emotion suggested by gestures such as raised hands.  movement and gesture lively and active in most scenes; restrained and dignified in the wedding procession.
  • 9. Side A: The Neck 1. The hunt for the Kalydonian Boar 2. Achilles’ chariot race
  • 10. First Band – The hunt for the Kalydonian Boar The Myth The leader of the hunt was Meleager Artemis sent the boar after Meleager’s father offended her by not including her in his yearly sacrifices to the Gods Many heroes joined Meleager; Castor, Polydeuces, Jason, Peleus, Theseus and his friend Peirithous the Lapith, and the Atalanta Meleager woman Atalanta and Peleus The Vase In the picture the hunters advance on the boar. Atalanta, her skin painted white holds a dart. Beside her is her future husband, Melanion. Beyond him is a dog preparing to leap
  • 11. The hunt for the Kalydonian Boar The Myth Atalanta’s father had not wanted a female child and left her on a mountainside. Under the protection of Artemis she grew to be deadly hunter. The other hunters had objected to a female on the hunt but Meleager had fallen in love with her and insisted The Vase In the top picture the boar is wounded by three arrows and has killed Ankaios and a dog Hunters and another dog attack from behind, driving the boar on to the spears of Peleus and Meleager, who is shown without a beard to indicate his youth A white dog, now mostly worn off, has leapt on to the boar's back - only the faint outline and the gaps in the boar's bristles show where it was Four more pairs of hunters pursue the boar, assisted by two Scythian archers, one sporting an ornately decorated tunic.
  • 12. Second Band – Achilles’ chariot race The chariot race is held by Achilles for his dead friend Patroclus who had died at the hands of the Trojan hero, Hector. Achilles had taken his revenge and cornering Hector slew him. All the charioteers race in the same direction. The prizes for the winner, a tripod (a bowl sitting on three legs) and a dinos (handleless bowl used for mixing water and wine), are used to fill in the void under the horses’ feet.
  • 13. Under the handles of the vase, on both sides, is this scene of the dead Achilles being carried by Ajax. The myth tells of how, when Achilles was killed by Paris’ arrow, Ajax rescued his armour and carried his body back to camp, while Odysseus warded off attackers. Compositional stability: the horizontal and vertical straight lines of Ajax contrasts with the diagonal lines formed by Achilles’ body. Also the eyes contrast.
  • 14. Side A – The body of the Vase 3. The wedding of Thetis and Peleus 4. Achilles pusues Troilus 5. Oriental animal frieze
  • 15. Third Band – The wedding of Thetis and Peleus The Myth Marriage of mortal Peleus and immortal sea- goddess Thetis. The most significant myth depicted. Thetis wooed by both Zeus and Poseidon until found out her son would be greater than his father. Married her to the hero Peleus. Son was Achilles. Incidents that occurred at the wedding led the Trojan War The Vase Peleus is standing in front of his home while Thetis sits in the open doorway, waiting to welcome their guests. Attended by all of the major gods with Zeus and Hera in the first chariot A comic Dionysus runs ahead of them, carrying a jar of wine.
  • 16. Fourth Band – Achilles pursues Troilus The Myth This event called the Cypria, was the earliest in Trojan War. Prophesied that Troy would never be taken if Troilus, the son of Priam, reached his twentieth year. Achilles waited beside the fountain house. Troilus saw and fled on horseback to the safety of Apollo. Achilles killed him on the altar of Apollo, something that god never forgave him for The Vase Apollo, stands to the left of the fountain-house, his stance and gesture suggesting danger and urgency A youth places his hydria beneath one of the water Youth Apollo spouts. On the other side a girl waits for her hydria to fill, but she has caught sight of the impending tragedy behind her and throws up her arms in horror
  • 17. Achilles pursuit of Troilus Between the girl and the action stand three gods: Thetis, mother of Achilles, Hermes, and Athene, The central image shows Achilles in pursuit of Achilles Troilus Achilles To the right, Antenor brings the bad news to King Priam, shown sitting Polyxena outside the walls of Troy with only a staff to support him in his old age and sorrow. Two warriors, Troilos's brothers Hektor and Polites, emerge from the gates on their way to rescue their brother or Antenor Priam Hektor and avenge his death. Polites
  • 18. Fifth Band  Orientalising – inspired animal frieze  A lion fells a bull  A lion fells a stag  A pair of griffins sitting either side of a Lotus and palmette motif
  • 19. Side B – The Neck 1. Dance of the Athenian Youths 2. The Centauromarchy
  • 20. The First Frieze: The Geranos The Myth: Whilst travelling, Aegeus, King of Athens, spent a night at Troezen, in the house of the king. That night he slept with Princess Aithra, and in the morning, as he left, he hid his sandals and sword under a heavy rock.
  • 21. Aegeus told Aithra that if she bore a son he would only acknowledge him when he could lift the rock and claim the sword and sandals. When Theseus was sixteen, he did just that, before setting off for Athens to meet his father. He was desperate to make a good impression, so along the way he completed some dangerous and impressive tasks.
  • 22. Theseus arrived in Athens wearing the sword and sandals. Medea, Aegeus's wife, attempted to poison Theseus, but as soon as Aegeus recognized the heirlooms, he proclaimed Theseus his son and heir and banished Medea. Theseus killed a few relatives who wearing making life hard for his father, and killed a wild bull on the plain of Marathon. He then began his most famous deed.
  • 23. Athens had to pay a tribute each year of seven young women and seven young men to King Minos of Crete, as payment for the death of Minos’ son Androgeos. These sacrifices were fed to a monster called the Minotaur. Theseus volunteered to be one of the fourteen, and, having arranged a signal to show his success with his father, set off for Crete. He was helped by Ariadne, daughter of King Minos, who gave him a dagger and a ball of wool.
  • 24. Theseus killed the Minotaur and found his way out of the maze, whereupon he met Ariadne and the other 13 Athenians, and together they fled back to Athens. Theseus forgot the signal he had arranged with his father, however, and sailed back to Athens under black sails. Aegeus was watching for the ship by the coast, and when he saw the ship approaching, in his grief he threw himself into the sea. The sea has been called Aegean Sea ever since, and Theseus became King of Athens.
  • 25. First Band – The Geranos The Myth The Geranos, or victory dance occurred after Theseus had rescued the fourteen Athenian youths and maidens from the minotaur. The Vase In the victory dance on and the vase, the youths and maidens can be seen holding hands and miming their hurried exit from the labyrinth, to the sound of Theseus’ lyre The women wear the peplos, the men the himation (cloak)
  • 26. The Second Frieze – The Centauromachy The Myth The Centaurs were half-human, half-horse creatures, who ate raw meat and lived a wild, unbridled life in the caves of Mount Pelion. A dispute arose between them and King Peirithous who ruled the Kingdom of the Lapiths. The Centaurs were invited to the wedding of King Peirithous, but the Centaurs disgraced themselves by getting drunk and trying to make off the with bride and the women at the wedding. The King Peirithous, Theseus and the Lapiths pursued them, and in the ensuing battle, many Centaurs were killed. The Centaurs were then banished to live in the forests of Thessaly.
  • 27. Hylaios Kaineus a leader of the Lapiths, has Next to them another centaur fallen to the ground under a hail of and a Lapith duel, branch blows from the centaur Hylaios, who against javelin belabours him with a branch while two other centaurs bring large rocks to deal A centaur rears above a the fatal blow. fallen comrade to hurl a rock at (possibly) Kaineus died but the Lapiths won the battle Theseus.
  • 28. Fourth Band – The Return of Hephaistos The Myth Hephaistos had been hurled out of heaven by his mother Hera for intefering in an argument between her and Zeus. He then designed a throne that kept Hera bound and then went into hiding. Zeus offered the hand of Aphrodite in order to get Hephaistos to release her. Dionysus then led the lame God back to Olympus Hephaistos Accompanied The Vase Dionysus drunk by satyrs or leads Depicts the return of Hephaistos to nymphs Olympus. Dionysus leads his mule and they are accompanied by nymphs and satyrs. The latter most commonly depicted in a state of sexual arousal
  • 29. The Foot Frieze – The Battle between Pygmies and Cranes See p. 23 in White text Or p. 8 in Black text
  • 30. Connections:  Achilles  Peleus on Lip Side A  Patroclus on Neck Side A  Marriage of Thetis and Peleus on Shoulder  Troilus on Belly Side A  Ajax on handles
  • 31. Artemis  Kalydonian Boar on Lip Side A  Thetis and Peleus’ Marriage on Shoulder  Surrounded by animals on handles  Theseus  Kalydonian Boar on Lip Side A  Leader of the dance on Lip Side B  Friend of Peirithous on Neck Side B
  • 32. Overall Themes:  Greek victory over Trojans (in particular), barbarians and animals  Gods’ preference for the Greeks

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man. It was the offspring of Pasiphaë, queen of Crete, and a snow-white bull the god Poseidon had sent to Pasiphaë's husband, King Minos. When Minos refused to sacrifice the beast, Poseidon made Pasiphaë fall in love with it. After she gave birth to the Minotaur, Minos ordered the architect and inventor Daedalus to build a labyrinth so intricate that escape from it without assistance would be impossible. Here the Minotaur was confined and fed with young human victims Minos forced Athens to send him as tribute. The Greek hero Theseus was determined to end the useless sacrifice and offered himself as one of the victims. When Theseus reached Crete (Kríti), Minos's daughter Ariadne fell in love with him. She helped him escape by giving him a ball of thread, which he fastened to the door of the maze and unwound as he made his way through it. When he came upon the sleeping Minotaur, he beat the monster to death and then led the other sacrificial youths and maidens to safety by following the thread back to the entrance.