Helpful for PG nursing students. Research scholars. Barriers in the utilisation of research

1. Communication and Utilization
of Research Findings
B.SUDHA,
PROFESSOR,
VMCON,PUDUCHERRY.

2. Introduction
Communication and utilization of research
findings is one of the essential steps of
research process. A research project cannot be
considered complete until its results are
effectively communicated to its users and
consumers.

3. Communication of research findings
• The process of interpreting or translating
complex research findings into a language,
format and context that even a nonexpert can
understand.

4. Purposes
• To fill the gap between clinical practice and
research findings.
• Promotion of learning of new knowledge among
professionals.
• To improve quality of care.
• To generate data for evidence based practice
• To promote personal and professional growth.
• To refine or update existing practice, theory, and
intervention.

5. Steps
• Select the audience
• Select the method of communication.
• Avoid technical jargon.
• Do not overload the presentation.
• Prepare systematically
• Effective writing.
• Careful review of authors manuscripts
guidelines.

6. Methods of communication of
research
• Written report
• Oral report
• Poster presentation

7. Writing a research report
• The research report is an end product of the research
process.
Characteristics
 It should be concise, clear, accurate, complete, and
honestly written.
 It should be long to cover the subject and short to maintain
the interest of the users.
 It should be systematic in steps as the research process.
 It should be free from technical jargon, self abbreviation,
and ambiguous terminology.
 Research report must reflect its originality.

8. Characteristics of good report
• 1) Attractive
• 2) Clear Topic
• 3) Balanced Language
• 4) No repetition of facts
• 5) Statement of scientific facts
• 6) Practicability
• 7)Description of the difficulties and the
shortcomings

9. Types of Reports
• There are many different formats for reporting
research; journal articles, technical research
reports, monographs or books, graduate theses
or dissertations.
• Research is also reported orally at professional
meetings, seminars, symposia, and workshops.
• These oral reports, however, are usually based
on previous written reports.
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10. • Journal articles are the most condensed form of
writing. Journals have severe space limitations and
often all the details of a complex research project
can’t be presented in one article.
• They are the most “prestigious” format for
reporting disciplinary work.
– Involve a peer-review process which evaluates
quality and importance of a paper
– They receive wide distribution to disciplinary and
subject-matter readers
• To reach other audiences, other publications must
be used
• Sometimes, research can be written as journal
articles as well as other formats to reach different
users. Be careful, though, not to violate exclusive
publication rights of journals – get permission!
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11. • Graduate theses and dissertations tend to be
on the other extreme of length and
completeness
• This is the report of the student’s work to
his/her graduate committee
• These tend to be long and sometimes more
wordy than necessary. But completeness is
considered more important than efficiency in
this writing. (In this respect, they are opposite
to journal articles.)
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12. Format
IMRAD format
 Introduction
 Methods
 Results
 And Discussion
Other aspects of a research report
Title, abstract, keywords, references,
acknowledgement.

13. Organization of a Research Report
Introductory section
Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Main Body
I. Problem to be investigated
A. Purpose of the study (including assumptions)
B. Justification of the study
C. Research question and hypotheses
D. Definition of terms
E. Brief overview of study
II. Background and review of related literature
A. Theory, if appropriate
B. Studies directly related
C. Studies tangentially related
III. Procedures
A. Description of the research design
B. Description of the sample
C. Description of the instruments used
(including scoring procedures)

14. Organization of a Research Report
D. Explanation of the procedures followed (the
what, when, where, and how of the study)
E. Discussion of internal validity
F. Discussion of external validity
G. Description and justification of the statistical
techniques or other methods of analysis used
IV. Findings
Description of findings pertinent to each of the
research hypotheses or questions
V. Summary and conclusions
A. Brief summary of the research question being
investigated, the procedures employed, and
the results obtained
B. Discussion of the implications of the
findings—their meaning and significance
C. Limitations—unresolved problems and
weaknesses
D. Suggestions for further research
References (Bibliography)
Appendixes

15. Steps of writing a research report
• Analyze the task
• Preparation of outlines
• Draft the body
• Draft the supplementary information
• Draft the preliminary information
• Polish the report
• Editing the report
• Writing the final draft

16. Publishing
• Written research reports communicate
knowledge within the research and scientific
community. Publications are the primary
means of disseminating research knowledge.
• Once published, research results become public
knowledge – however, original ideas must
always be recognized.
• In addition to journal publications, other outlets
include, technical bulletins or reports,
proceedings papers, symposia, and workshop
papers.
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17. • Among the common reasons that proposed
refereed publications fail to be accepted are:
1. Inadequate identification of a research problem
2. Inappropriate or unclear methods and procedures
3. Inappropriate material for the proposed
publication
4. Failure to communicate what is important and
original
5. Poor organization.
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18. Writing the references/bibliography.
• Bibliography
List of all the materials that have been consulted
while writing an article or a book.
• References
Those that have been referred to or referenced
in your article or book.

19. Style of writing references
• Vancouver style
• APA style
• Other style: Harvard style, Chicago style, etc

20. • Vancouver style- journal
Math SB, Chandrashekar CR, Bhugra D.
Psychiatric epidemiology In India. Indian
Journal of Med. Res.2007;12(2):182-92.
Burn N, and Grove SK. Understanding Nursing
Research-Building an evidence Based Practice.
4th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier;2005

21. • APA Style
Burn, N. and Grove, S.K.(2007). Understanding
Nursing Research: Building an evidence Based
Practice. (4th ed). St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier

22. Research utilization
• Research utilization is the process by which
scientifically produced knowledge is
transferred to practice.

23. Barriers to research utilization
• Barriers related to nurses
• Barriers related to organization
• Barriers related to research
• Barriers related to communication

24. Barriers related to nurses
• Lack of knowledge, authority, time, money,
confidence, motivation and resources.
• Unawareness about current research findings
• They are inflexible and unwilling to change
• Value of research is not known
• Peer pressure
• Overwhelming patient load
• Inability to understand the technical language.

25. Barriers related to organization
• Access to journals, and research sources is
limited
• Lack of funds to support the research findings
• Administration and physician does not
support
• Lack of time and facilities are inadequate.
• No generalization of findings

26. Barriers related to research
• Lack of standard and quality literature review
• Lack of complete knowledge of research process
• Inadequate scientific basis to carry out the
research.
• No replication of research.
• Fast publication is lacking
• Lack of clinical applicable recommendations
• Methodological inadequacies

27. Barriers related to communication
• Lack of collaboration
• Lack of presentation of findings to nurses in
clinical setting
• Lack of publication in clinical nursing journals.
• Implications for practice are not made clear.
• Research reports are not readily available.
• Not reported clearly

28. Strategies to facilitate utilization of
nursing research
• Development of specialized research department
• Design educational programme before
implementing research utilization concept
• Develop reward system for nurses
• Organize continuing education events.
• Administrative support
• Open communication channels
• Change the attitude of nurses