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CONTENT
SR.
NO. DESCRIPTION
PAGE
NO.
1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE MECHANISM 2
1.1 APPLICATION 2
1.2 PARTS 2
1.3 HYDRAULIC ACTUATION 3
2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND METHODOLGY 4
2.1 CONCEPT 4
2.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 4
2.3 METHODOLGY 4
3 DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL 5
4 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 13
4.1 CONCLUSION 13
4.2 FUTURE SCOPE 13
REFERENCES 14

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE MECHANISM
A robotic arm which is hydraulically operated and controlled by syringes filled with some
fluid. It consists of various parts connected to each other in a pre-designed manner which are
guided in a constrained way to obtain required output.
1.1 APPLICATION
These arms are used in assembly lines of mega factories to assemble various parts of a
product and also to paint vehicles. They are also used in earth movers to pick up heavy
weight and keep them where required. Same principle is being used in JCB’s, automobile lifters, etc.
1.2 PARTS
In the mechanism, each part has been provided with certain degree of freedom to
move in a constrained way to guide other parts and also to pick up small weight items and to place
them wherever required. The complete mechanism consists of a fixed vertical link. To its free end is
connected or better to say hinged, another horizontal link which is free to oscillate about that hinge in
an up-down way of motion.
To this link is connected a slotted type mechanism which consists of a slotted box which
itself can oscillate about its hinge and in it is a sliding link which can come out of the slot to have the
slider like motion.
To this slider is connected a surface, underneath which are attached 4 spoons acting as arm to pick
up the items. The entire mechanism is fixed on a rack and pinion type mechanism to allow degree of
freedom of the mechanism as a whole to rotate by 130degrees.

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1.3 Hydraulic actuation
All the movements above are controlled hydraulically by syringes attached to each one.

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CHAPTER-2
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 CONCEPT
The basic concept used behind the operation is PASCAL’s LAW. This law states that when a
pressure is applied at one point of a fluid contained in a constrained volume, then the pressure due to
that force is equally transmitted to all the points of the fluid, which are acted upon by the same
pressure. Using the same principle, we applied pressure to fluid in syringe which is transmitted to
other end of tube which is connected to a syringe. This motion of the syringe is used to
move the links or parts of the mechanism which are attached to respective syringes.
2.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
1.) The slotted mechanism used in the design, increases its complexity but at the same time increases
its efficiency, ability, area of coverage.
2.) Rack and pinion mechanism used to provide rotatory motion does its work smoothly
without any jerks or shocks and giving more degree of rotation and thereby increasing the area of
effect.
3.) To increase overall stability and to avoid roll over or unbalancing due to torque or extra
weight in the front part, suitable counter weight is used in the rear portion of the mechanism.
4.) Soap water having least compressibility and high efficiency is used as a fluid in syringes.
2.3 METHODOLOGY
All the dimensions of the parts including their weights, their required job, are decided
effectively to obtain overall dimensions of the mechanism and allow required degree of freedom and
to obtain required motion and do the required task.

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CHAPTER-3
DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL
First thing to do is:
Gather the parts!
You will need
 6 – 5 ml syringes
 4 screw eyes big enough for a 3/16 dowel
 93 cm of tubing to fit the syringes, - 6 mm outside diameter
 166 cm of 1 x 1 cm sticks
 base –this can be any size, however, mine is 2 cm thick, 8.8 cm wide x 26 cm long ( an 11”
piece of 1” x 4” wood)
 a small disk about 7.5 cm diameter – you can cut some plywood for this, or use the precut
wheels
 30 cm of 2 cm x 2 cm wood – for the stand – any size close to this is OK though
 50 cm of dowel - 14 cm more if you are going to peg the small crossbars for the arm

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Tubing
You need two kinds of tubing:
 the tubes for the syringes are 1/8” inside, 3/16” outside dimension
 (this is 4 mm inside and 6 mm outside dimension) and the holder tubes to go around the
dowel and the tubing and hold them in place
 this tubing is 3/16” inside and 1/4” outside dimension, (this is 6 mm inside and 8 mm
outside dimension)
Cut the 1 x1 cm wood and drill the holes
The centers of the holes near the ends are 6 mm away from the end.
When you drill holes in pieces the same length, lay them on top of each other and drill, that way the
holes will be exactly the same distance apart.
Important! – all 3/16” dowels are not the same! I find that if I use a 3/16” drill bit for the holes, the
dowel is so tight in the hole it will not move. So, I use a 13 /64” drill bit and the dowel is snug so the
piece doesn’t wobble, but is loose enough that it moves in the hole with some friction. You really
should test your dowel in a scrap piece to make sure the fit is correct (snug, but not too snug so it
doesn’t move).
With the 1x1 cm wood cut the following pieces:
3 - 30 cm pieces – rounded at one end
2 - 12.2 cm pieces, round off the ends
2 – 7.5 cm pieces
4 – 6 cm pieces, cut on an angle and sanded on the inside edge
4 - 3.2 cm pieces one has a small hole in the middle (use the smallest bit since it is just for a bit of
wire)
1 – 2.5 cm piece – drill a 13/64 hole in the middle 3 – 1.1 cm pieces – drill a 13/64 hole in the middle

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The pieces should look like this!
Cut 2 – 15 cm Pieces with the 2 x 2 cm wood and cut the base.
Cut a 75 cm diameter circle disk out of ¼” plywood. Drill a 13/64 hole in the middle
If there is no measurement for the hole, the center of it should be .6 cm from the end of the wood
(this is most of them).

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Make the long part of the arm, use the small 3.2 cm pieces to join them. The middle bottom piece
should have a small hole in the middle for a piece of wire later on.
Assemble the pieces as shown here.
Carefully glue the small 3.2 cm pieces
to the outside 30 cm pieces – make
sure the holes are pointing out.
Let the glue harden (dry?) and
assemble the base.
The Base!
Drill a hole in the base 8 cm from the front and
to the side so the disk is close to one side. This
will leave room for the piston that moves it on
the other side.
Cut a 4 cm dowel and glue it in the base. Slide
the disk over the dowel and glue down the 2.5
cm piece over the disk. This way the disk will rotate, but not come off!

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The right side of the support structure e has two screw eyes , the one on
the inside is big enough for the syringe tube and is 2.5 cm up from the
bottom. The one on the outside can be smaller since it only will have a
wire in it, and it is .5 of a cm from the bottom and .5 cm from the back
(the long side of the base is the back). You can use a bi g one on the
outside if that is all you have. Screw them in before you glue the pieces to
the disk since it is easier (especially the inside one).
Cut a piece of dowel to fit in the holes 6 cm from the bottom. It should be long enough to go to the
outside edge of the support structure (that’s what I call this part), so the structure is exactly 3.2 cm
across. The long arm should be 3.2 cm across, (measure your drying long arm) so the space here has
to be that wide. The 15 cm pieces are glued to the disk.
Insert pegs in the top holes so they stick in 1 cm, this will hold
the long arm. They don’t need to be glued since there is no
motion that will work them loose, and it’s ni ce to be able to
remove them. Let this dry and go on to the grabber arms.
The Grabber Arms
This is the part that
shows if you have cut
and drilled with
Accuracy! Start off by
looking at the diagram
and checking out where
things will go. For the
Grabber arms you will
need 7 pieces of cut
dowel.
 3 at 3 cm long
 4 at 4 cm long
The dowels will insert into the holes and a tube is pushed over the end to hold them in place. So you
need 10 tubes cut .5 of a cm. This is the 6 mm tubing that is a bit bigger than the tubing you use for
the syringes.

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To finish, place the 4 cm dowel
through the long arm, through a
wooden spacer and then through
the bottom arm, as shown here.
Do the same for the other side
and you are ready for the claws!
Place tubing over the dowels to
hold them in place. There
should be .5 cm on each side of
the arm for the tubing.
The claws!
There are two ways you can attach them. If you look
above they both have a space between them, and here
there is no space between one of them. Our researchers
have decided that they are both fine and you can use
whichever technique you want (in a vote42 to 5). Either
way, you need a wooden spacer on the arm on the right.
On these pieces the dowel doesn’t need a rubber holder
since they are going to be glue and the dowel should be
flat on the claw. Trim the dowel with a pair of small wire
snappers if they are too long.
Move the linkage in and out with your hand and adjust the
claws so they are at the correctangle, and they don’t bind
with each other. Ithey hit each other and don’t nicely mesh then take them off and sand them so they
slide together. Once they are smoothly meshing and at an angle that you like, put glue on the dowels
and push them in.
Now for the hydraulics!
As you have seen there are three syringes to
move the parts, and three to push them. You
will need to drill a small hole in the top or side
of the syringe, so you can attach it to the arms
with a small piece of wire. Each syringe is held
in place by a screw eye, and a plastic tube (like
the wooden dowels).

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Attach the base-turning piston
Take one of the syringes
(they can also be called
pistons, since that’s what
they are called when they are
used in hydraulics) and fill it
with water. Colured water
(use food coloring) is best
since you can easily see
which piston pushes which you will have three. Place the .5 cm outer tube over the 20 cm tube and
leave it close to the end.
Fill the piston with water; attach the tube (the small outer tube should be on the opposite end). When
the piston and the tube are full, (get as many bubbles out as you can), place it through the screw eye
and onto the other syringe (which should be empty and pushed al l the way in. Then push some water
in and attach the flat top to the screw eye on the base with a small piece of wire. There you have it.
Push and pull, it should move around! If the holder tube slides along the tubing, you may need to get
out the glue gun and glue it so it stays put.
Now for the long arm
Cut about 25 cm of tubing, place a .5 cm
tube over one end and fill the syringe and
tube so it is full. Place the tubing through
the screw eye in
the middle of the
support arms and
over the other
syringe and you
have number two
almost done. Attach a wire through the
top of the syringe, and through the
wooden piece (you did put in a hole
didn’t you?). Twist it so the attachment is
snug and check your work. The arm
should go up and down! Adjust the small
holder tube at the bottom so it is snug.

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The Claw mechanism
Place a screw eye into the
crossbar and a piece of
dowel with a small hole in
it in the center long arm.
Fill the syringe as usual
Slide up the .5 cm holder
tube and then attach the syringe to the dowel with some wire at the
other end.

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CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
4.1 CONCLUSION
The prepared mechanism has been successfully constrained and executed to carry out the
required work of picking up the weight of objects like table tennis balls and to put them into glasses
placed at different location.
4.2 FUTURE SCOPE
If more time and more efforts would have been put into the model, more complexities could
have been brought out. Moreover instead of manual operation of syringes could have been replaced
by pre-defined computer programs or merely by pressing the switch operated. Further, more
varieties and more flexibility to add or replace any part according to requirements can be done to
improve its use and increase field of usage and to make it more universal or flexible.

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REFERENCES
http://www.instructables.com/id/Hydraulic-robot-made-of-cardboard-and-scotch-duct-/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xljw4yoe9A