1. Subrata Roy
Product Executive, PMD
+88-01713-374737
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2. EYE
• Eye is the sensory organ which helps us to
vision.
• Eye ball is nearly spherical structure with a
diameter of approximately 22 to 27 mm.
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3. Orbit
The orbit is the bony hollow region of
skull that contains the eyeball.
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4. Contents of Eyeball
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5. Eye Lashes &
Eyebrows
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6. Eyeli
d
The eye lids are two movable folds
situated above and below the
front of the eye .
Composition (Eyelids):
• Skin-The thinnest part of human
body
• Muscle-Open & close the eyelid
• Connective tissue-Give rigidity &
support
• Conjunctiva-the mucous
membrane acting as a lubricating
film between the eyelid & sclera
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7. Blinking
The Blinking of the eyelids helps to spread the tears
evenly over the eye and by renewing the tear film as
it evaporates, prevents the eye drying out.
 Normal blinking occurs about 12 times per
minute.
 During each blink, Our eyes are shut for around
0.3 seconds

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8. EYE
MUSCLE
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9. The eye is spherical hollow, the periphery of which
composed of the three major layer or
coats
1.
2.
3.
Outer Fibrous Layer (Cornea-Sclera)
Middle Vascularized Layer (Uvea:
Choroid-iris-ciliary body)
Inner Neural layer(Retina)
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10. Middle Vascular
Middle Vascular
Layer
Layer
Outer Fibrous layer
Outer Fibrous layer
Inner Neural Layer
Inner Neural Layer
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11. CONJUNCTIVA
Thin, transparent mucous membrane lining posterior
surfaces of eyelids and covering anterior surface of
the eyeball, excluding cornea
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12. What are the parts of the conjunctiva?
Clinically, the conjunctiva divided into three parts:
•The Palpebral (Latin word “palpebrae” means “an eyelid) -- which
lines the under-surface of the eyelids,
•The Bulbar -- which coats the anterior portion of the sclera
except cornea.
•The Fornix – Conjunctival junction between the The Palpebral
and The Bulbar conjuntiva
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13. Function of Conjunctiva
Contains goblet cells which secrete lubricating
mucus and helps keep they eyeballs moist
It also helps the sclera protect the eye.
Protects the inside of eye from infection and
damage from foreign bodies
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14. Cornea – "window of the
eye“
(Outer Layer)
Transparent structure forming the front portion of eye.
The average adult cornea is 1.0 mm thick and 11.5 mm in
diameter
The cornea is avascular (contains no blood vessels). Its
nutritional and metabolic needs are met by:
blood vessels supplying the (the junction of the sclera
and cornea)
fluids that make up the precorneal tear film components
of the tear film aqueous oxygen from the external
environment
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15. Layers of cornea
The cornea has five main layers of cells:
1. Epithelium: The outer layer of the cells that
acts as a barrier against damage and infection
2. Bowman's membrane:
A thin, tough
membrane
3. Stroma: Consist of collagen fibers and account
for 90% of the cornea's thickness
4. Descemet's membrane: A thin membrane of
collagen and elastic fiber
5. Endothelium: A layer very delicate cells that
cannot regenerate and are Responsible for
maintaining partial corneal dehydration and
transparency
Function: Provide the principal refracting medium for the eye
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16. Sclera – "white of the
eye“
(Outer Layer)
Sclera:The tough white outer coat of the eyeball, continuous with
eyeball
cornea. The sclera is completely opaque, preventing light from entering
the eye .
•Function: Forms the shape & maintain the shape of the eyeball
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17. UVEA/Uveal Tract
(Middle Vascular Layer)
The iris, ciliary body, and the choroid are all continuous
with each other and are collectively called the uvea.
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18. Iris(Middle Layer)
•The iris, which is the colored part of the eye, contracts and dilates
to control how much light enters the eye.
•It is made up of smooth muscle fibers that adjust pupil size .
•By adjusting, it allows us to see under a variety of lighting
conditions.
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19. Pupil
The pupil is a black hole in the centre of the iris . The size of the
pupil determines the amount of light that enters the eye. The pupil size
is controlled by the dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris.
•Pupil diameter :In healthy eye, ranges from 2 to 8
millimeters.
If you are in a very bright room , or in bright sunlight , our pupils
will be very small. This is because not much light needs to be let in
to the eye for it to be able to see well. In a dimly-lit room your
pupils will be bigger, to let as much light into the eye as possible.
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20. Function of iris and pupil
• Regulate the amount of light entering the eye
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21. Choroid (Middle
Layer)
The choroid is a layer of connective tissue and blood vessels,
located between the sclera (white of the eye) and the retina.
Function: Provides nourishment to surrounding eye structure
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22. The ciliary body (Middle
Layer):
The ciliary body releases aqueous humor , which
nourishes the front part of the eye. It also contains the
ciliary muscle, which changes the shape of the lens to help you
focus.
The ciliary body is made up of:
•ciliary processes
•ciliary muscles
•Zonules
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23. AQUEOUS HUMOR
• Aqueous humor is the fluid
contained in the eye between the
lens and cornea.
•This fluid is produced by the
ciliary body and drains through the
trabecular meshwork.
Function:
•nourishes & baths cornea, iris and
lens and maintain intraocular
pressure
•It carries the nutritional elements
needed for the avascular cornea
and lens.
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24. Ciliary body
Produces aqueous
humor
filling the posterior chamber (space
between the iris and the lens.)
flows through the pupil into
the anterior chamber
(between the cornea and the iris.)
outwards into the angle
(formed by the iris and cornea. )
Filtering through the trabecular
meshwork
Pass through Canal of Schlemm
returns back into the blood circulation.
Ciliary body Drainage system
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25. CANAL OF SCHLEMM
The canal of schlemm provides a route for excess aqueous humor
to drain out of the eye. Canal transfers approximately 2-3
micro liters of aqueous humor/minute
Function : It lies near the junction of cornea and sclera, this
canal passes circularly around the cornea, and drains the
aqueous humor.
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26. CRYSTALLINE
LENS
The crystalline lens is a biconvex,
transparent & avascular
structure. It is located
immediately behind the iris.
 Suspended by fine ligament
(Zonules), attached between
ciliary process
 completely transparent structure
about 4 mm thick and 9 mm in
diameter.
 Function: Focuses image on the
retina

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27. Lens can be divided into three regions
1. Capsule
2. The anterior epithelium/lens
cortex
3. The lens fibre / lens nucleus.
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28. CHAMBER OF THE
EYE
There are actually three
chambers in the eye.
 The anterior chamber
 The posterior chamber
 The vitreous chamber
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29. Anterior Chamber


The cavity in the front part of the eye between the iris
and cornea is called the Anterior Chamber.
It is filled with Aqueous, a water-like fluid. This fluid is
produced by the ciliary process.
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30. Posterior chamber
The posterior chamber is the fluid-filled space immediately
behind the iris but in front of the lens.
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31. VITREOUS CAVIT Y /VITREOUS
CHAMBER
The vitreous cavity fills the space from the lens to
the retina and contains vitreous humor, a jelly-like
material that maintains internal pressure to support
the eyeball and transports nutrients to the cornea.
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32. VITREOUS
HUMOR
The vitreous humor is a clear, transparent gel of semisolid
consistency which fills the chamber between the posterior
surface of the lens and the inner surface of the retina. It is
99% water, with the remainder being mostly a viscous
substance called hyaluronic acid. It occupies two-thirds of
the volume of the globe (eyeball)
Function: 1. Provide physical support
2. Transmit light to retina
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33. Retina(Innermost Neural Layer)
The retina is a very thin layer of tissue
that lines the inner part of the eye. It is
connected to the brain.
Function: Received and transmit
visual input
The retina contains photoreceptor cells (rods
and cones)
Rod cell functions in less intense light
Cone cell functions in bright light.
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35. Optic Nerve
The optic nerve transmits electrical impulses from the
retina to the brain. It connects to the back of the eye
near the macula.
The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve
endings. It connects the retina to the brain
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36. TEAR
Tears are secretions of various
gland that clean and lubricate
the eyes.
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37. Types of Tear
Some of the different types of tears
the brain tells the eyes to produce
are:
1.Basal tears that coat your eyes
on a day-to-day basis to keep them
moisturized.
2.Irritant/reflex tears that form
in response to pain or to flush foreign
objects out of the eye. Their
composition is similar to basal tears,
but they contain more healing
properties.
3.Emotional tears that appear in
response to feelings of sadness,
stress, joy and extreme emotion.
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38. Flow of tears
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39. Layers of tear film
Composed of three layers
1.Outermost lipid layer: secreted by meibomian glands.
2.Middle aqueous layer:
Secreted by lacrimal gland
3.Innermost mucin layer: Produced by the conjunctival goblet cel ls
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40. Human Eye
Lacrimal Gland
I
Vitreous
Humour
Optic Disc
Fovea
Aqueous Humour
I
}
Ciliary Body
Canal of Schlemm
Iris
Conjunctiva
Pupil
Cornea
Lens
Suspensory Ligaments
Retina
Choroid
Sclera

41. Human Eye
Sclera
}
Pupil
Cornea
Iris

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