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Semantic Web Technologies:Changing Bibliographic Futures?<br />

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Stuart WeibelSenior Research Scientist<br />OCLC Research<br />Dublin Core<br />Working in Seattle<br />Collaboration with UW<br />NSF DataNet proposal <br /> for curation of scientific <br /> data<br />

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What’s this I hear about the Semantic Web?<br />What is the Semantic Web?<br />What does it have to do with bibliography?<br />Does it make life better for patrons?<br />Does it strengthen libraries?<br />Is it practical?<br />Where can we get some?<br />

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What is the Semantic Web?<br />An approach to embedding structure in web resources to facilitate the extraction of meaning by machines and people.<br />A set of technologies<br />RDF: Resource Description Framework (a metadata architecture for the Web)<br />OWL<br />SKOS<br />Linked Data<br />

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Semantic Web Technologies:RDF<br />RDF<br />a syntax for making assertions on the web<br />A structure to support inference by machines<br />RDF assertions are always expressed as triples<br />An RDF assertion has a subject, a predicate, and and object:<br />

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RDF Assertions:Subject – Predicate – Object<br />This presentation has a title of Semantic Web Technologies: Changing Bibliographic Futures?<br />The author of this presentation is Stuart Weibel<br />This presentation was delivered on 2009-10-26<br />Presentation<br />Title<br />Author<br />Semantic Web Technologies…<br />Stuart Weibel<br />Date of <br />Delivery<br />2009-10-26<br />

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RDF Assertions<br />Encoded in XML on the Web<br />The nodes (information resources) are URIs<br />The Arcs (predicates) are also URIs<br />Presentation<br />http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title<br />http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator<br />Semantic Web Technologies…<br />http://example.org/staffid/12345<br />http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date<br />2009-10-26<br />

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The only thing you need to know…<br />RDF provides a web language for declaring relationships among information resources<br />It is a bit like sentence diagramming <br />The important thing is to identify all the bits with globally unique, persistent Identifiers (URIs)<br />

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OWLWeb Ontology Language<br />W3C standard for expressing ontology relationships<br />Ontologies are important tools for knowledge representation<br />The importance of knowledge representation diminishes rapidly as the scope of representation increases<br />Still largely undemonstrated general impact<br />

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SKOSSimple Knowledge Organization System<br />W3C standards designed to support the declaration of controlled vocabularies and classification systems using the idioms of the semantic web (RDF).<br />SKOS is simpler than OWL<br />Less expertise required to deploy structured terminologies<br />

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Linked DataWhat&apos;s all the fuss about?<br />The web is all about links: Anything new here?<br />A web of data versus a web of documents<br />Partly about granularity of resources<br />Addressable assertions as opposed to addressable documents<br />Partly about doing inference on the web<br />Making machines do more of the work of interpreting data<br />

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Principles of Linked DataTim Berners-Lee<br />1.Use URIs as names for things (identifiers)<br />2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names<br />3.When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information<br />4.Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things<br />

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Linked Open Data ProjectSeeding the Web of Datahttp://linkeddata.org/<br />

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Linked Data and Bibliography<br />Linked Data is a natural approach for bibliographic data:<br /> Why?<br />Because FRBR provides us with a coherent conceptual map of data about library assets<br />

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FRBR Entities – Librarianship’s contribution to a richer, structured (semantic) Web<br />

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And don’t forget Social Bibliography:User-Generated Content <br /><ul><li> Book Reviews

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Lists

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Services

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Commentary</li></li></ul><li>Hook everything together with the right sort of identifiers<br />A coherent identifier infrastructure is essential to establishing a rich and dynamic scaffolding of interconnected information resources to support “users and uses of bibliographic data”<br />Broad dissemination of canonical, globally-scoped public identifiers serves the library collaborative and is the single most compelling means of making library assets visible on the Web<br />

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Some Design Parameters for Identifiers in theGlobal Library Community<br /> Canonical identification<br /> Branding<br /> Usability<br /> Granularity and the<br /> FRBR model<br /> Persistence<br /> Universal accessibility<br /> Global scoping<br /> Search Engine <br /> Optimization<br />

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Persistence<br /><ul><li>Not technological, but rather, a function of the commitment of organizations

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Libraries and other cultural memory organizations do this well

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Harder to do in the digital era, but the community is up to the task</li></li></ul><li>Universal access and global scoping<br /><ul><li>Open to all: public identifiers in a public Web

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Should work in Myanmar, Melbourne, and Minneapolis alike

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WorldCat is the first globally-scoped identifier architecture for library assets in which the global surrogate is mapped to locality

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Holdings data turns out to be critical in supporting the last mile problem</li></li></ul><li>Search Engine Optimization and Canonical Identifiers<br /><ul><li>Visibility of assets in the global library is diluted by the multiplicity of identifiers</li></ul>Many competing identifier schemes<br />Localized versions of identifiers<br /><ul><li>Agreement on a canonical identifier </li></ul>Raises search engine ranking<br />Concentrates aggregation of social content<br />Simplifies supply-chain processing<br />Is Item X the same as…related to… relevant to… Item Y?<br />

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Usability of URIs<br />URIs should be designed for people as well as machines<br />URIs should be ‘speakable’<br />URIs should be a short as can be managed<br />URIs should have a predictable pattern that makes them ‘hackable’ and ‘truncatable’<br />

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Is Linked Data Good for Libraries?<br />Linked data can help users navigate authors, articles, concepts, organizations, and their relationship to other resources on the Web<br />Linked data can help fix library assets in the context of other data on the Web<br />Linked data can help reduce the barriers between traditional catalogs and the open Web<br />

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Social Networking Software<br />It isn’t new… only the technical manifestation is<br />Library services in emerging social networks <br />Motivate people to participate<br />Tagging<br />Book Reviews<br />Emergent relationships, evident from data about what people buy and borrow, like and dislike (business intelligence)<br />Link to the people as well<br />

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Linked Data will help fix library assets in their larger context<br />Tags, book reviews, recommendation data is an increasingly important component of bibliography<br />Crowd-sourced data need not go in our catalogs<br />Reliable, canonical identifiers will help tie together heterogeneous content<br />

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Web is a wonderful metaphor, but perhaps something a bit more durable?<br />We want more<br />Coherence and context<br />Durable environments that help us preserve and fix resources in the context of culture<br />Librarianship embedded in the emerging technologies of a social, semantic Web<br />Linked data <br />

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Web or Scaffolding?http://www.smart-kit.com/s291/what-spider-webs-can-teach-us-about-caffeines-effect-on-the-brain/<br />

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Is Linked Data Practical?<br />Libraries know better than most the importance of managing quality and establishing authority<br />It is unclear what the best formats for exposing linked data to the open web might be<br />The spirit of the Web suggests trying things and changing them as appropriate.<br />Watch Hans Rosling’s Ted Talk for an example of how linked data can shine<br />

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The future of Library catalogs? <br />Evolving towards the network level<br />Collections linked to people, organizations, global locations, concepts, context, metadata, and social networking benefits<br />Fit into the workflow and social lives of patrons<br />Help create a scaffolding for past knowledge and future productivity <br />

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An Example of Linked Data in Action<br />Hans Rosling’stour de force of linked data on the Web<br />http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html<br />

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Some Early Efforts<br />Libris: Catalog of the National Library of Sweden designed from a linked data perspective<br />Library of Congress Authorities: http://ld.loc.gov<br />LCSH <br />Dewey.info is a web site that presents the Dewey Summaries as Linked Data. <br />

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