stevenking, oroville high school, u.s. history, chapter seven.

1. Jazz Age. 1921-29. Chapter
Seven.
Nativism resurges after the war.
Backlash against recent immigrants.
Economy in recession.
Army Vets couldn’t get jobs.

3. Controlling Immigration.
National Origins Act of 1924.
Set quotas as to how many immigrants could
come from each country.
Hispanic immigration was slowed down by
the above act.
A labor shortage developed in California and
the South West.
Hispanics/immigrants were barred from the
U.S. work force.

4. Sacco-Vanzetti Case
Accused of murder and robbing a shoe company.
Being confirmed anarchists assured their
convictions.
Sacco & Vanzetti
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

5. Limitations and Exceptions
of Women BEFORE WWI
Women were still paid less than men, even when
they did the same job.
In politics, women in no way achieved equality with
men. Only a handful of women had been elected by
1929.
There was a strong conservative tradition in USA. A
combination of traditional religion and old country
values kept most American women in a much more
restricted role.
“Most middle class women concentrated on
managing the home…Their daughters…were far
more likely to prepare for careers as mothers and
housewives.”

6. Women after WW1
The war gave women experience of of skilled factory work.
In 1920 women got the vote in all states.
The car made they freer.
Domestic work was made easier by new electrical goods like vacuum cleaners and
washing machines.
Younger women wore more daring clothes.
They smoked in public and drank with men without chaperones. They even kissed in
public.
In urban areas women took on more jobs. In 1929 there were 24% more women
working than in 1920.
Women became financially independent.
Women were less likely to stay in unhappy marriages. In 1929 there were twice as
many divorces as in 1914.
The media portrayed women in a different light – sex sold much better than anything
else!

7. Women in the 1920’s.
Flappers! What a scandal!
Young and stylish.
Rail thin.
Smoked/Drank illegal alcohol.
Revealing dress.
Worked outside the home.
Flappers.

8. Women before WW1
Women formed half the population of the USA .
Before the war middle-class women were expected to lead restricted
lives.
The had to wear very restrictive clothing and behave politely.
They were not expected to wear make-up.
There relationships with men were strictly controlled. They had to
have a chaperone with them when they went out with their boyfriend.
They were expected not to play sport or smoke in public.
In most states they could not vote.
Very few jobs were open to women.
Working women were in low paid jobs like cleaning, dressmaking and
secretarial work.

10. The Flapper Look
Part Two
The twenties changed the way the world looked at
hair styles. “The Bob” is the infamous hair style that
was everywhere in the 20’s.
Most women haircuts were
very short in the back and 20
% longer in the front.
The Cloche Hat was a must during the day.
This was a hat that fit snuggly over short
hair and reached the eyebrows.
Flappers
www.clarabow.net

12. The Charleston
The Social dance of the United States popular in the mid-
1920s.
The Charleston dance became established during the
Ragtime-Jazz period.
Some say it is from the Cape Verde Islands in Western Africa
Charleston Dance.

13. The Charleston

14. Famous Flappers
Anita Page Colleen Moore Louise Brooks
www.silentladies.com

15. Motion Pictures

16. Motion Pictures

17. Baseball: Yankees and Babe
Ruth

18. Charles Lindbergh
• Charles Lindbergh was a daredevil pilot who practiced his skills as an airline
pilot, a dangerous, life-threatening job at the time.
• Lindbergh heard about a $25,000 prize for the first aviator to fly a nonstop
transatlantic flight, or a flight across the Atlantic Ocean, and wanted to win.
• He rejected the idea that he needed a large plane with many engines, and
developed a very light single-engine craft with room for only one pilot.
• On May 21, 1927, Lindbergh succeeded by touching down in Paris, France
after a thirty-three-and-a-half-hour flight from New York.
• Lindbergh earned the name “Lucky Lindy” and became the most beloved
American hero of the time.
• A little over a year after Lindbergh’s flight, Amelia Earhart became the first
woman to fly across the Atlantic, returning to the U.S. as a hero.
• She went on to set numerous speed and distance records as a pilot.
• In 1937 she was most of the way through a record-breaking flight around
the world when she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean.
Pilot Heroes of the Twenties
Amelia Earhart

20. Women received the right to
vote by the 19th Amendment,
but they still had little interest in
politics. During the 1920s
women asked guys out. They
wore the new flapper style of
clothing and were more
assertive. They took the same
jobs as men, but still fought for
equality in the workplace.

21. 1920s Fashion

22. 1920s Fashion – The Men
Men’s fashion ideas from sports or gangsters

23. For Children Only
Favorite children's books were
"Winnie the Pooh," "Bambi," "Dr.
Doolittle," and "The Velveteen
Rabbit."

24. Fundamentalist Movement.
Fundamentalist beliefs:
Bible is true without error.
People derived their moral behavior from God,
not society.
Rejected Evolution and embraced Creationism.

25. The Rise of Fundamentalism
Billy Sunday
Changing times caused uncertainty, turning
many to religion for answers.
One key religious figure of the time was
former ballplayer and ordained minister
Billy Sunday.
Sunday condemned radicals and criticized
the changing attitudes of women, reflecting
much of white, rural America’s ideals.
Sunday’s Christian beliefs were based on a
literal translation of the Bible called
fundamentalism.
Aimee Semple McPherson
Another leading fundamentalist preacher of the
time
Seemed to embrace the kind of glamour that
other fundamentalists warned about
Her religion, however, was purely
fundamentalist.
She was especially well known for healing the
sick through prayer.

26. Scopes Trial-1925.
John T. Scopes was arrested for teaching
evolution in high school.
William Jennings Bryan was prosecutor and
Clarence Darrow was the defense attorney.
Darrow put Bryan on the stand!
.. Inherit the Wind

27. Prohibition-Eighteenth
Amendment-1920-1933.
Volstead Act.
U.S. Treasury would enforce prohibition.
“Speakeasies” sprouted up in every city.
Organized crime made millions and turf wars
killed many.
The start of the Drive By Shootings!

28. Prohibition
Throughout U.S. history, groups like the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union worked to
outlaw alcohol, but the drive strengthened in the early 1900s, as Progressives joined the
effort.
Over the years, a number of states passed anti-alcohol laws, and World War I helped the
cause when grain and grapes, which most alcohol is made from, needed to feed troops.
The fight against alcohol also used bias against immigrants to fuel their cause by portraying
immigrant groups as alcoholics.
Protestant religious groups and fundamentalists also favored a liquor ban because they
thought alcohol contributed to society’s evils and sins, especially in cities.
By 1917 more than half the states had passed a law restricting alcohol.
The Eighteenth Amendment banning alcohol was proposed in 1917 and
ratified in 1919. The Volstead Act enforced the amendment.

29. Speak Easy!
Bootleggers.

30. Numerous illegal bars called speakeasies
were created to provide drinks for the
people who wanted alcoholic beverages.

31. Scarface Capone
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
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33. Labor
Great Migration
Changed composition of the industrial workforce
Intensified pressure on labor unions
Most major unions refused membership to black
workers
Management hired black strikebreakers
See Figure 17-1 and 17-2

35. African Americans after World
War I
Tensions
Many found opportunities in the North but
also racism.
Racial tensions were especially severe
after World War I, when a shortage of jobs
created a rift between whites and African
American workers.
This tension created a wave of racial
violence in the summer of 1919.
The deadliest riot occurred in Chicago,
Illinois, when a dispute at a public beach
led to rioting that left 38 people dead and
nearly 300 injured.
Racially motivated riots occurred in about
two dozen other cities in 1919.
Raised Expectations
Another factor that added to racial tensions
was the changing expectations of African
Americans.
Many believe dthey had earned greater
freedom for helping fight for freedom
overseas in World War I.
Unfortunately, not everyone agreed that
their war service had earned them greater
freedom.
In fact, some whites were determined to
strike back against the new African
American attitudes.

36. The Harlem Renaissance was a flowering of
African American social thought which was
expressed through
Paintings
Music
Dance
Theater
Literature

37. Jazz and Blues.
Jazz was invented in America.
It’s a mix of Dixieland and Ragtime.
Blues came from African-American spirituals.
The Cotton Club was the most important Club for
music in New York City.

38. JAZZ
Who were the first Jazz Musicians?
African Americans
Where was Jazz born?
New Orleans
When did Jazz appear nationwide?
The early 1920s
Why did Jazz spread past New Orleans?
Violence and racism resurfaced in New Orleans and
Jazz musicians fled to cities like Chicago, New York,
and Kansas City

40. Eugenics Movement.
Pseudo-Science. “Breed out inferior people(s).”
Hitler was a fan as was Woodrow Wilson.
During this time the Ku Klux Klan adopted this
pseudo-science.
Eugenics Movement.

41. The Ku Klux Klan
D. W. Griffiths’ Birth of a Nation. 1915. Glorified the
K.K.K.
White supremacist were anti Catholic, Jewish,
immigrants, and people of color.
The K.K.K. used terror tactics to enforce their
views. Domestic terrorists.
Many Klan members were state or city officials such
as councilmen or law enforcement.

42. The Ku Klux Klan (cont.)
Five million members, 1925
Political force in Oklahoma, Texas, and Indiana
Businessmen
Shopkeepers
Protestant clergy
Woman’s Order
Junior Order for boys
Tri K Klub for girls

44. Ku Klux Klan
The glorification of the Ku Klux
Klan in D. W. Griffith’s The Birth of
a Nation, reflected in this publicity
poster, outraged African
Americans. The NAACP protested
when the silent film was first
distributed in 1915 and again when
a sound version was released in
1930. The demonstrations
attracted publicity to both the film
and the NAACP.
Birth of a Nation.
KKK:Then and Now.
Skin Heads.

45. A Sign of the Times
A sign of the times. Until the struggles of the modern civil rights
movement, Jim Crow racism was a fact of life throughout the South.

46. Black Organizations
in the 1920s
NAACP
Expanded influence and increased membership
James Weldon Johnson
See PROFILE
Walter White
Relied on judicial system to protect black civil rights
Nixon v. Herndon, 1927

47. Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du
Bois
Conflict with Du Bois
• Garvey thought the NAACP
discouraged African
American self-confidence,
and that their goal of
breaking down barriers
between races threatened
African racial purity.
• Du Bois and the NAACP were
suspicious of UNIA too, and
The Crisis published an
investigation of UNIA.
• The FBI charged UNIA with
mail fraud, and UNIA
collapsed when Garvey went
to prison and then left the
country upon release.
Another famous figure of the era was Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-
born American who took pride in his African heritage.
Garvey’s Rise
• Formed the Universal Negro
Improvement Association
(UNIA), which promoted self-
reliance for African Americans
without white involvement.
• Garvey wanted American blacks
to go back to Africa to create a
new empire.
• Garvey wanted African
Americans to have economic
success. His Black Star Line
promoted trade among Africans
around the world.
• About 2 million mostly poor
African Americans joined UNIA.

48. Pan-Africanism
“A great central, Negro state”
A desire for people of African descent to unite.
Share heritage.
Discuss ties to continent.
Moderate (eliminate) colonial rule in Africa.
Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Spain, Italy
First Pan-African Congress, London, 1900.

49. Black and White Workers by
Skill Level, 1920 Figure 17–2.
Black and White
Workers by Skill
Level, 1920.
Only one-third of
black workers,
compared to
slightly more than
one-half of white
workers, found
employment in
skilled or
semiskilled jobs
in 1920.
Source: Sterling D. Spero and Abram L. Harris, The Black
Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement (1928), 85.

50. Racial violence and lynching continued
The Birth of a Nation
Scientific racism
Ku Klux Klan had millions of members
And millions more supported it
NAACP
Challenged the status quo
100,000 members in 1920s
Racial pride and self-respect
Harlem Renaissance
Conclusion