Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks

External | INST/NE | 11/4/2015 | © Bosch Software Innovations GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation,
reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks
Lessons learned after one year of open source activities in the Internet of Things
Stefan Ferber & 20+ friends helping

reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.2
Abstract
We at Bosch believe that the technology that comes with the “Internet of Things” (IoT) has genuine potential to deliver value,
meaning, insight and fun in order to tackle major challenges of the 21st century in several domains like mobility, energy, home
& building, cities and manufacturing. In our vision of the future, each of our electronic products is connected to the internet.
This connectivity will allow for disruptive business models and new services. Developing the business ecosystem around IoT
targeting different stakeholders in the IoT value chain from silicon vendors to system integrators is a major task for Bosch.
Typical examples are:
 Strategic Alliances: Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) addressing partner companies and potential customers of IoT
projects though showcasing IoT use-cases in real world test beds. Bosch was the initiator of first public IIC test bed.
 Business Consortia: Hubject (Electromobility) and mozaiq (Smart Home) in order to break though in immature markets.
Bosch is amongst the co-founding companies.
 System Integrators: Partnership with TechM, Infosys, and TCS to scale out internationally.
 Standardization: OSGi Alliance membership with ProSyst – now belonging to Bosch – a longstanding member of the OSGi
board, also driving the IoT activities. OSGi is Bosch strategic IoT technology.
 Open Source: Building on open technology like Eclipse, Apache, CloudFoundry, Linux and bringing IoT key elements to the
commons via Eclipse IoT.
This talk will highlight how Bosch tries to align the above activities developing the IoT market using the example of OSGi.
Particularly, the lessons learned after one year of active open source contribution to the Eclipse IoT community will be
discussed: from topics regarding product liability, change of software business model, impact on agile development and team
dynamics we at Bosch believe that other companies from old industry probably face similar impediments. They are part of the
very different approaches and world views found in embedded system development as compared to Internet & IT software
development.
Besides learning new tricks and all the challenges, we at Bosch are committed to an open platform approach as we believe
that “nobody can do I(o)T alone”.
Handout

Bosch Group
Active in four business areas
Mobility Solutions
€ 33 Billion
Industrial Technology
€ 7 Billion
Consumer Goods
€ 4 Billion
Energy and Building
€ 5 Billion

Bosch as a software company
Researchers and developers across the globe
45,700
associates in
research and development
15,000
software engineers
3,000
developers for the
Internet of Things
94
research and development locations
in 25 countries
*Locations with 50 or more associates as per December 31, 2014

Software
platform
Smart
things
Services &
applications
One open IoT platform
for all domains:
 Manufacturing
 Energy
 Mobility
 Home/building
 Smart City
The three layers of the IoT
A software platform converts information provided by
smart things into services.

Bosch Software Innovations
At a glance
≈ 600 associates Milestones since 2008
2008 Bosch acquires Innovations Software Technology
2011 Change of name to Bosch Software Innovations
2011 Bosch acquires inubit
2012 Opening of the Bosch IoT Lab at the
University of St. Gallen
2013 Launch of the Bosch IoT Suite
2014 First Bosch ConnectedWorld
2015 First European testbed for the Industrial
Internet Consortium
2015 Bosch acquires ProSyst Software
The software and systems house emerged out of the two earliest acquisitions in the IoT space
Shanghai
Chicago
Sofia (ProSyst)
Singapore
Germany
Berlin
Cologne (ProSyst)
Waiblingen
Immenstaad
Handout

Setting the Stage
1. Short story: Internet of Things
2. 5 way„s to fight your solitariness & loneliness
3. Three different playgrounds
Main Part
4. Dog„s new tricks
5. Dog„s lessons
6. The purpose of the commons in IoT
Outline

Chapter 1:
Short Story:
Internet of Things

Internet of Things at Bosch: Architecture

„Nobody can do I(o)T alone“
Major change in doing business for established industries
Value chain Business ecosystem

Definition “Business Ecosystem”
"Business Ecosystems" are defined as intentional communities of economic actors
whose individual business activities share in some large measure the fate of the
whole community…. Establish business ecosystems to co-evolve innovation across
complementary contributions arising within multiple markets and hierarchies
Business”
James F. Moore:
Ecosystems and the View From the Firm, Antitrust Bulletin, Fall 2005

Value Chain Ecosystem
decisions independent shared
competitors not part of it often part of it
consumers not part of it often part of it
platform - shared
visions, goals, ethic values independent shared
number of members small large
fate dependent shared
stability volatile sustainable
„Nobody can do I(o)T alone“
Business Ecosystem = Value Network + Open Culture + Platform
Handout

Chapter 2:
Five way„s to fight your
solitariness & loneliness

Requirements Specifications Standards
Test &
Certification
Open Source
Market
Development
Commercial
Incubation
HGI Test
Event
IIC
Testbed
EEBus
Plugfest
CCNx
Complexity of the IoT Landscape
Mapping of IoT Industry Alliances

Developing the business ecosystem around IoT
Five types and their interrelation

Business Consortia
Strategic Alliances
System Integrators
Standardization
Open Source





Strategic Alliances: Industrial Internet Consortium
Track & Trace Testbed


Business Consortia: mozaiq operations GmbH
Open smart home platform
Interoperability between devices and services


Business Consortia: mozaiq operations GmbH
Benefits About the project
 Ensure interoperability between devices and services
 Enables simple data exchange between devices from
different manufacturers
 Platform services support B2C business and open up new
business opportunities
 Platform supplements existing backend systems
 Founded by ABB, Bosch, and Cisco in 2015
 Accelerate the development of the smart home market
 Develop and operate an open software platform
Product in use
 Java, OSGi and HGI compliant, supported protocols
include Z-Wave, ZigBee, EnOcean, KNX
Field-proven middleware optimized for use in commercial home gateways
Handout


System Integrators
Importance of Partners to change business reality
USD 37+ bn
combined turn over
750,000
software
developers
90% +
of Forbes 500 customers
covered
4,000+
combined number of
customers in 2014
120+ countries presence


OSGi architecture and specifications
o one can do I(o)T alone“ – OSGi architecture for IoT
Open standardization
 OSGi was made for IoT
 Founded in 1999
 Spec Releases
 www.osgi.org/Specifications
 Providing modular, dynamic
architecture for multiple industries
 OSGi IoT Expert Group
 launched Sept 2015
 Collecting RFP‟s for new
OSGi IoT specs
 Collaboration with other industry bodies


OSGi specifications
Cross industry adoption and membership
Completing the puzzle
 Millions of product solutions
 Adoption in vendor solutions
 Adoption in open source
 Eclipse, Apache
 Strategic partnerships
 In Smart Home
 In IoT
Handout


 Where?
IoT Playground
 Contest Winner?
€200 Amazon voucher
See & Play with OSGi Alliance IoT Demo: Join the Contest
2
“No one can do I(o)T alone“ – OSGi IoT Demo
End2end: OSGi Alliance IoT Demo @ IoT Playground

Developing the business ecosystem around IoT
Five types and their interrelation

Business Consortia
Strategic Alliances
System Integrators
Standardization
Open Source





Chapter 3:
Three different kind of dogs

Intranet
Web2.0
People
Mobile
Devices
Embedded Systems Consumer IT
Cloud operations
IoT platforms
IoT Applications
Enterprise(s)
Enterprise IT
Convergence of three different worlds
Different markets and systems thinking approaching each other

Embedded Developer Enterprise Developer WebDeveloper
Three different development paradigms
Hans-Peter Juane Joe
C
Safety
Product Liability
Java
Security
SLA
JS& html5
Responsive
DevOps

Three different development paradigms
Embedded Developer Enterprise Developer Web-Developer
 C
 determinism
 control
 real-time real-time
 safety
 reliability
 zero defects
 ppm ppm ppm
 product liability
 ISO/IEC/DIN
 Patents
 Optimized for
hardware cost
 Java
 event-controlled
 Best effort
 SOA
 Security
 Availability
 Optimized for SW cost
 regular updates
 SLA
 ITIL process
 Business Partners
 Firewall
 Optimized for
software cost
 JS, html5
 Virtualisation
 Browser
 Availability
 Security
 Open
 DevOps
 Agile
 Responsive
 Optimized for
market penetration
Handout

Chapter 4:
Dog‟s new tricks

Tooling for Automotive Embedded Software
Open Source as enabler for automotive development cooperation
Automotive Working Group
2003
2008
2010
2015

Learning Open Source within the Bosch since 2009
 Learning Open Source within the Bosch since 2009

Bosch History in Open Source
200? Official use of Open Source Software internally
2004 “Visual Rules” sold as eclipse plug-in
Corporate Research starts studies & projects
2007 Funding decision for strategic open source research project
2009 First inner source ("Bosch Internal Open Source") launched
Eclipse Foundation solution member
2010 First Kernel drivers for Bosch sensors released as Open Source
First OEM customer request to use Open Source for their product
2011 Robert Bosch Car Multimedia joins Genivi
First Open Source Project from ETAS & Bosch India: Busmaster
2014 Bosch-wide regulation for Use of OSS in products
Joining Linux Foundation: Advanced Driver Information Technology Corporation (ADIT)*
2015 First project lead in Eclipse: Vorto
Open Source Release of Amalthea Tool Platform
2016 Eclipse Foundation strategic member
Major Milestones
Handout
* a joint venture between DENSO Corporation and Robert Bosch Car Multimedia GmbH,

http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bosch-Eclipse-Co-arbeiten-an-Entwicklungsplattform-fuer-Embedded-Manycore-Systeme-2745312.html
Handout

2015 Value in Numbers
 LOC captured: > 65‟000 k
 LOC contributed: 50 k
 Users: > 10„000
 Contributors &
Committers: > 30
Eclipse: Value for Bosch
OSS development consortium with established code base for Bosch
 Industry‟s best model for vendor-neutral collaboration on innovation
 Includes all requirements of industry collaboration:
 Licensing model for sharing co-developed innovation
 IP management to maximize commercialization opportunities and reduce legal risk
 Project model for coordinating investments and activities
 Governance model to ensure a level playing field for all participants
Bosch activities
 Eclipse IDE
 IWG Internet of Things (IoT):
Vorto, Leshan, Californium, hawkBit
 IWG Automotive:
Artop User Group, AMALTHEA Platform
 IWG Long Term Support (LTS)
 OSEE-ALM, SPHINX, RAP

Members
 240 members
 12 strategic members:
Eclipse Foundation
OSS development consortium
 Industry‟s best model for vendor-neutral collaboration on innovation
 Includes all requirements of industry collaboration:
 Licensing model for sharing co-developed innovation
 IP management to maximize commercialization opportunities and reduce legal risk
 Project model for coordinating investments and activities
 Governance model to ensure a level playing field for all participants
Numbers
 261 projects (46 new in past 12 months)
 130 MLOC/year code change velocity
 1069 committers from 100+ organizations
 9 million active users of Eclipse IDE
 1.5 million downloads/month (average)
 2 million unique visitors/month
 USD 5.0m annual budget / 24 staff
 75 events per year
 7 collaborative working groups
Handout

Chapter 5:
Puppy @ Eclipse IoT
Source: http://mastersdogfoods.co.uk/masters-eclipse-dog-puppy-super-premium-dog-food.html

Will Ralph Müller retire now?

Eclipse strategic membership
 The Eclipse Open Source Community has become a major technology enabler for multiple
Bosch businesses impacting more than 10,000 Bosch software developers daily.
 To appropriately reflect the strategic relevance for Bosch, we will change the membership
status from today‟s “Solutions Member” into “Strategic Member”.
 Key goals:
 Promote and establish an open platform as de-facto standard for Internet of Things
in IWG IoT
 Establish worldwide common SW-Tool-Chains for automotive development
in IWG Automotive
 Provide long term support over 12 years for critical development tools
in IWG Long Term Support (LTS)
 Attract talented open source developer
 Get early developer feedback in case of contributions
 Promote open technology
Reasons for Bosch to join
Handout

Bosch Software Innovations enabling Internet of Things
Technology decisions
A consequent model based
approach
Model Based Approach
Modular composition of
systems at runtime
(Micro)-Service Oriented
Business ecosystem based
on open IoT infrastructure
Open Platform Approach
Strong use of standards
and open source to
maximize scope
OSGi, Java, Linux,
Eclipse based
PaaS technology for elastic
scaling and DevOps
paradigm
Cloud first on
CloudFoundry technology
PKI, Encryption of
embedded devices,
Identity Management
Trust, Security & Privacy

LWM2M Adoption in Eclipse
 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) REST based Resources
 Open Standard (OMA) & Open Source (Eclipse IoT, BIOS)
 Device Management (DM) support including Firmware update
 Secure by protocol (DTLS)
 Power saving options at client
 Small bandwidth: 10-250 Bytes, Small memory footprint on µC device
Only device management internet protocol for constrained
devices that defines semantics for interoperability (vs. MQTT)
LWM2M Service
CoAP (RFC 7252)
GSM/SMS
DTLS (RFC 6347)
LWM2M
UDP (IP)
Objects & Resources
LWM2M
Protocol stack:Application
Application
Asset
Management
Software
Provisioning
Your Solution
Leshan
Californium
Scandium

LWM2M @ Eclipse IoT: Wakama, Leshan
Feature Set Implementation as of October 2015
LWM2M Object/Resources Model
CoAP
UDP SMS
Security (DTLS ) SMS Secure Package Structure mode
Assessment:
in Use
1st Impl.
upcoming
Future
Registration
Update
Register
De-Register
Bootstrapping
Server
Factory
Smart Card
Server initiated
Client initiated
Bind.& Mode
Q (Queued)
S (SMS)
U (UDP)
Operations:
Write
Read
Execute
Create
Delete
Security
PSK
NoSec
ECC
Notifications
Notify
Observe
Cancel
Write Attrs.
Cond. Observe
DataFormats
TLV
Plain
JSON
Data Types
String
Integer
Float
Boolean
Time
Opaque
Object Link
Standard:
Access Control
Server
Device
Conn. Monit.
Firmware Upd
Location
Conn. Statist.
Security
API: Vendor
specific Obj.
LWM2M
Objects:
Protocol
Stack
Handout

Eclipse Vorto at a glance
Vorto
IoT Tool Set Meta Information
Model
Information Model
Repository
Device
Manufacturer
Solution
Developer
Information
Modelcreates
using
instance of
browses
provides
reads
invokes
Java
Platform
Vendor
Platform specific
Code Generator
generates
Device
describes
is described by
integrates
…
C++
uses
Handout

hawkBit
Providing the software
infrastructure to update and
provision IoT devices at the edge.

IoT Server Platform Proposal
Current Draft of Eclipse IoT Working Group

Dog„s Lessons
 It is feasible to start OSS project with limited OSS know-how in an acceptable time.
 The key challenge for OSS project providing a mid- or long-term benefit is to find partners.
 Being a committer or a project lead of an OSS project is a full-time job. Writing code,
documentation, tutorials, examples, and blog-posts are only a few percent of the daily
business. Building up a community, answering questions and bringing together proprietary
and OSS related interests are more complex tasks.
 Picking OSS components: Check the community health, dedication, and activitiy
 Be careful when making OSS project related dates public. Meeting deadlines depends on
various external influences that can hardly be managed.
 A fat blob will be a flop: “small bites of bytes & bits over git('s ...power!)”
 Eclipse gets more embedded: Resources, especially RAM is limited – really; keep track of
your processing load & process timing & latency; Battery life-time; Booting time.
 Involving lawyers and human resources from day one. There is a lot of IP and contractual
topics to be solved: liability, licenses, contract additions, compliance processes.

More lessons learned
 Securing millions of Devices using Eclipse IoT Technology
Kai Hudalla, Tuesday, November 3, 9:45 to 10:20
 Making IoT child's play
Alexander Edelmann, Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - 15:00 to 15:35
 Interface of Things - OSGi as the Incubator for the German "Energiewende"
Kai Hackbarth, Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - 17:30 to 18:05
 BoF: How to generate code using Eclipse Vorto
Olaf Weinmann, Tuesday, November 3, 2015 - 20:00 to 21:00
 Software Updates for the Internet of Things
Kai Zimmermann, Wednesday, November 4, 2015 - 10:30 to 11:05
 How the OSGi Residential Specifications can help to build an ecosystem for smart home
Kai Hackbarth, Wednesday, November 4, 2015 - 13:45 to 14:20
 APP4MC - support for embedded multicore
Harald Mackamul , Wednesday, November 4, 2015 - 14:30 to 15:05
Join our sessions

Chapter 6:
The purpose of the commons in IoT

Social Contract is broken… at least in the gobal digital world
 Avoiding „bellum omnium contra omnes“ individuals give up freedom to the „authority“
The national state has no effective means to protect nor govern
Hobbes
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hobbes_Locke_Rousseau.jpg
Locke Rousseau

Social Contract is broken… at least in the digital world
 “Defending the One Percent,” Mankiw (2013)
 “Changes in technology have allowed a small number of highly educated and exceptionally talented
individuals to command superstar incomes in ways that were not possible a generation ago.”
 “Race Against the Machine”, Andrew McAfee (2011)
 “Aided by digital technologies, entrepreneurs, CEOs, entertainment stars, and financial executives
have been able to leverage their talents across global markets and capture reward that would have
been unimaginable in earlier times.”
 W. Keith Campbell, University of Georgia Psychology (2011)
 “You can look at individual scores of narcissism, you can look at data on lifetime prevalence of
Narcissistic Personality Disorder, you can look at related cultural trends, and they all point to one thing,
Narcissism is on the rise.”
 Robin Mansell, London School of Economics and Political Science (2014)
 “National and international authorities assumed that the rapid growth of internet technology would
democratise access to information networks and enable previously disenfranchised citizens to
participate fully in contemporary debates and marketplaces. Government policy was based on this
assumption, whereas in reality corporate interests, the commercial value of digital information and the
state's interest in monitoring citizens' online activities all began to take priority over 'open' access to the
internet. This was inexorably leading to a gradual marginalisation of citizens' rights in the online world.”
The national state has no effective means to protect nor govern
Handout

Plan A: Silicon Valley „Religion“ from 0 to 1
Private Companies fix the economic broken society problems of the future
Source: http://zerotoonebook.com/

Plan B: End the monopoly of platform & data players
Empower „users“ with micro-payment for their data
Source: http://www.jaronlanier.com/futurewebresources.html

Plan C: „Renaissance of the Commons“
Fixing social contract problems in a 3rd way
Source: http://wealthofthecommons.org/

Plan C: „Renaissance of the Commons“
 Introduction: The Commons as a Transformative Vision
by David Bollier & Silke Helfrich (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung)
 “It has become increasingly clear that we are poised between an old world that no longer
works and a new one struggling to be born. Surrounded by an archaic order of centralized
hierarchies on the one hand and predatory markets on the other, presided over by a state
committed to planet-destroying economic growth, people around the world are searching for
alternatives. “
 „Anthropologists, neurologists, geneticists and other scientists confirm the critical role that
cooperation has played in the evolution of the human species. We are hard-wired to
cooperate and participate in commons. One might even say that it is our destiny. While the
commons may seem odd within the context of 21st Century market culture, it speaks to
something buried deep within us.”
 Source: http://wealthofthecommons.org/essay/introduction-commons-transformative-vision
Quotes
Handout

Bosch tradition in balancing profit & social responsibility
From founder Robert Bosch to current CEO Volkmar Denner

Bosch tradition in balancing profit & social responsibility
 "It is my intention, apart from the alleviation of all kinds of hardship, to promote the
moral, physical and intellectual development of the people.“
Robert Bosch, 1935
 “Never forget your humanity, and respect human dignity in your dealings with
others.”
Robert Bosch
 I have always acted according to the principle that it is better to lose money than
trust. The integrity of my promises, the belief in the value of my products and in
my word of honor have always had a higher priority to me than a transitory profit.”
Robert Bosch, 1921
 “In creating exciting products, purely economic success is not our only goal. All
our actions and activities are guided and motivated by the desire to benefit
society. This is what gives them meaning.”
Volkmar Denner, Chairman of the Bosch Board of Management, 01.07.2012
Quotes
Handout

Nobody can do I(o)T alone.
Join now!

Hans-Jürgen Kugler: Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks
Open Source Software is often seen as a hobby for nerds (positive) or the training-ground for
would be hackers (negative.) In the traditional engineering product oriented industries few -
maybe too few - executives have understood that open source does stand for a new business
approach. Many of these executives are still dealing with the repercussions that software, their
own proprietary software, caused in their organisation when it "infected" their products. Most
of these executives are not aware that open source maybe just what they need to tame the
resource hungry software development in their own organisation. There is hope, however.
Even in automotive, one of the more conservative industries, key players begin to see that not
all is threat, but that there is opportunity.
Embedded system engineering vs. IT software
illustrated with Internet of Things
refer to http://dev.eclipse.org/mhonarc/lists/auto-iwg/pdfgO2zGmp4NB.pdf
Handout

reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
Follow us on:
@BoschSI
Thank you for your attention!
Q & A
Dr. Stefan Ferber
Vice President Engineering
stefan.ferber@bosch-si.com
Follow me on
@stefferber +StefanFerber

Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks

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