ISSOTL 2013: A Book By Any Other Name Would Read As Well? How E-Books Transform Reading, Writing and Publisihing Practices
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Presentation at the ISSOTL 2013 conference in Raleigh, NC.
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ISSOTL 2013: A Book By Any Other Name Would Read As Well? How E-Books Transform Reading, Writing and Publisihing Practices
- 3. • Founded in 1931 • Mission: Practical scholarship • Audience: Public officials in North Carolina • Approx. 50 publications annually • Diverse types (books, manual, reports, bulletins, online content) • In-House Publication, IT, Marketing, Library and Online-Bookstore • 2012: ‘E-Books Group’ for strategic direction 1 of 26 ISSOTL 2013
- 4. E-Books Group • Members represent application development, instructional design, publications and library. • Accumulate research and expertise • Pool information and facilitate cross-division collaboration • Define interfaces between publications and IT • Explore new services and effective workflows through pilots Katrina Hunt Leslie Watkins Dan Soileau Alex Hess Georgia Allen Sandy Hall Stefanie Panke Raleigh, NC, October 2nd t to 5th 2013 2 of 26
- 5. • ‘The typical electronic reader could conceivably hold the entire sum of textbooks and readings for the entirety of one’s academic experience’ (Horizon Report, 2010) • ‘What makes electronic books a potentially transformative technology is the new kinds of reading experiences that they make possible’ (Horizon Report, 2011) • ‘As e-book technologies evolve, they will offer new ways of interacting with massively shared, adaptive and dynamic books’ (Innovative Pedagogy Report, 2012) • Digital literacies / digital scholarship: Culture shift towards online research and open publishing (Innovative Pedagogy Report, 2013) Technology Trend Reports, 2010-2013 3 of 26
- 6. Three Drivers for the Popularity of E-Books: 1. Functionality of apps and e- readers 2. Legacy of hypertext 3. Promise of mobile learning 4 of 26 Surface Tablet: E-Reader App
- 7. • Scope (library in your pocket) • Full-text search • Hyperlinks • Navigation • Table of Contents • Digital Indices • Glossary • Bookmarks, highlighting and annotation • Ability to share notes /highlights via email and social media • Multimedia elements and interactive features (quizzes) iBook screenshot with glossary 5 of 26 Functionality of apps and e- readers
- 8. Myth 1: Reader Empowerment Image Source: Wikipedia 6 of 26 The Legacy of Hypertext - Myth ‘While books are read from front to back, in the sequence dictated by the author, hypertext empowers readers to create their own path’. ‘Since both hypertext and our cognitive architecture Are structured in a non- sequential, networked way, it is easier to learn with hypertext.’ Myth 2: Cognitive Equivalence
- 9. • Both print and online media offer examples of non-linear as well as highly sequential structures (‘ergodic literature’, Aarseth, 1997). • Hypertext navigation and orientation create cognitive load, but may lead to more complex understanding (‘cognitive flexibility’, Spiro et al., 1995) • Digital text allows to create, annotate, sample, curate and share personal knowledge collections (‘Memex’, Bush, 1945; Xanadu, Nelson 1960) • Digital publishing changes, and potentially democratizes access to information and publishing tools (Landow, 2006) Image Sources: Storyspace (Eastgate,com), Memex (Lange, 2005/2006) 7 of 26 The Legacy of Hypertext - Facts
- 10. The promise of mobile learning • Mobile devices allow access anytime, anywhere • Learning becomes seamlessly integrated in everyday activities • Multitasking • Ubiquitous connectivity Image Sources: Wikipedia, Wired, Google, Amazon 8 of 26 ‘Learning to go’ on smaller and smaller devices ‘If we put it on a smaller device, it’ll be even more fun’. ‘If we put it on a mobile device, it’ll be fun’.
- 11. While TVs are getting bigger and bigger…. 2 of 21 ‘If we put it on a smaller device, it’ll be even more fun’. ‘Learning to go’ on smaller and smaller devices ‘If we put it on a mobile device, it’ll be fun’. 8 of 26Image Sources: Wikipedia, Wired, Google, Amazon
- 12. In a narrow definition, e-books are documents specifically designed for mobile e-readers. These readers can be either devices (e.g., Kindle, Nook, Sony Reader, Kobo E- Reader) or applications (e.g., iBooks, FB Reader, Google Play) that allow for display on iPads, tablets and smartphones. In a broader sense, e-books can comprise a variety of digital documents such as websites, hypermedia learning objects (e.g., SCORM packages), online periodicals, e-journals, Web-based catalogues, PDF repositories and mobile applications. 2 of 21 2 of 21 1971 First e- books in ‘Project Gutenberg’ 1992 First E- Reader (Sony Data Discman) 9 of 26Images: Project Gutenberg, Sony Data Discman
- 13. NC Crimes • Published print and online • Manuscript layout in Adobe InDesign • Additional tagging of elements in InDesign • Export as XML • Import via python script into Drupal 6 CMS • For sale via annual subscription in School’s online bookstore 2 of 21 2 of 21 SCRIPT Production Workflow NC Crimes10 of 26
- 14. Local Government in NC • Published online only • Manuscript in MS Word • 8 chapters, 150 pages, 200+ images • Open Access Publication • Web version created with Xerte (Open Source E- Learning Authoring Tool) • iPad and PDF version created with iBooks author • Download / access at: tinyurl.com/qgrrt2p 2 of 21 2 of 21 11 of 26Ibooks, Xerte Flash Player
- 15. Recruitment and Selection Law for Local Government Officials • Published for print and e- readers: Kindle version (*.mobi), iPad, Nook, etc. (*.epub) • Manuscript layout in Adobe InDesign • Direct export to formats mobi and epub • Indesign Kindle Plugin • Additional editing in Sigil and Calibre • Testing on multiple devices • For sale in iTunes, Amazon and School’s online store 2 of 21 E-Book and Print edition12 of 26
- 16. NC Superior Court Judges’ Benchbook • Published online only • Regular updates (approx. twice per month) • Content: 200+ sections in MS Word / PDF • TOC as menu structure • Embedded PDF viewer • Breadcrumb trail, keywords, download, syn opsis • Full text and expert search • Display/ access via website • Implementation in Drupal 7, leveraging taxonomies benchbook.sog.unc.edu 13 of 26Navigation Menu, Embedded PDF Viewer
- 17. Music By Ear • Implemented in iBooks author • Learning to play the fiddle • Interactive lessons • Multimedia content • Quizzes • Rubrics • Connected to online community / blog • Re-usable page templates • For sale in iTunes store • Free sample available: tinyurl.com/ns52yhc New forms of writing 14 of 26Multimedia content and quiz, iBooks Author
- 18. Textbook L3T • Textbook on ‘Learning and Teaching with Technology’ • Open content • Published as print on demand (personalized version) and online (PDF) • Edited volume with 100+ contributors (authors, reviewers, copye diting, layout) • Developed with Open Journal Systems (OJS) • 1st edition 2011, 2nd edition 2013 • http://l3t.eu New forms of editing, peer review and production L3T, E-Book15 of 26
- 19. The E-Book Triangle 1. Devices: Tablets: iPad, Surface, Android, iPad mini, iPod Smartphones: iPhone, Android Readers: Kindle, Kindle Fire, Nook, Nook HD, Kobo, Sony 2. Formats: ePub2/3, mobi, KF8, iBook 3. Distributors: Amazon, iTunes, GooglePlay, Barnes & Noble, Kobo Distributors iBook MOBI / KF8 16 of 26E-Book Triangle
- 20. • iTunes Store: E-Book Sales Account • Price-cap at $39.99 • Cut: 30% • Application and review process • Tax ID and banking information • Necessary software: iTunes Producer • Amazon Store: Kindle Direct Publishing Program • Cut is 30% for books between $2.99 and $9.99 and 65% for books outside this price range • No application and review process • Tax ID and banking information • Recommended software: Kindle Previewer, InDesign Kindle plugin Amazon StoreiTunes Store
- 21. • Tools for … • Authoring, layout and editing, • Preview and proofing, • Distribution and delivery. • Processes to define… • Efficient workflows • Curation of the manuscript • Integrity of the edition • Innovative features 18 of 26Sample Workflow E-Book
- 22. iBooks Author • Mac OS only • Freeware • Output format *.ibooks • Platform: iPad • WYSIWYG Editor • Layout Templates • Drag& Drop interactivity through ‘widgets’ • Built-in glossary/index • PDF-Export Sigil • Mac, Windows • Open Source • Output format *.epub • Multiplatform (iPad, Android, Nook, etc.) 19 of 26Screenshots: iBooks Author, Sigil
- 23. Xerte/ XOT • Open Source • XOT: Server-installation required • Output: Flash, HTML5, SCORM (XOT) • Xerte Desktop (Windows only): Flash and SCORM output • Built-in glossary and TOC • 75+ page templates for interactive content • Accessibility-oriented interface: user can switch fonts, size, color scheme • Responsive layout • Getting started: www.xerte.org.uk Xerte Editor/ Player, XOT20 of 26
- 24. Open Journal Systems • Open Source • Server-installation required • PDF/HTML • Offers workflow for submission, review, copyediti ng, layout, proofing • PDF and HTML version are produced manually • Getting started: Public Knowledge Project (PKP): pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/ • Hosting: libraryhost.com/ Open Journal Systems, trial with LibraryHost21 of 26
- 25. Pew Internet Reading Habits Survey (2012) • 21% of American adults report that they have read an e-book in the past year. • 29% of Americans age 18 and older own at least one specialized device for e-book reading – either a tablet or an e-book reader. • Respondents prefer e-books to printed books when they want speedy access and portability. 22 of 26iBook App, iPod touch
- 26. Sales Report Data • Kindle e-books surpassed the combined sales of paperback and hardcover copies in the Amazon online bookstore in 2011. • E-books represent 18% of overall publishing revenues (AAP, 2012) • E-Book surpass hardcover sales in first quarter of 2012 and paperback sales in first half of 2013 (AAP) Amazon Advertisement23 of 26
- 27. Assumptions • Customers will access e-book mainly via Amazon and iTunes • E-Book sales will be approx. 1/3 of print sales • Kindle as a major platform Reality Check • E-Book sales generally low • All sales through School- wide online bookstore • Most sales as epub 24 of 26ISSOTL 2013
- 28. • Sales constraints, cuts and restrictions for iTunes, Amazon, etc. • Customers access publications via School’s online bookstore • No technical problems / complaints with e-books • No ‘e-book frenzy’ among our client group • Currently: Reviewing Adobe Digital Publishing Suite for mobile apps / iTunes Newsstand • On the horizon: Augmented Reality publications Craig Kapp, Augmented Reality (AACE 2012) 2 of 21 25 of 26
- 29. 2 of 21 Thank you!available for Download at panke.web.unc.edu 26 of 26ISSOTL 2013
Hinweis der Redaktion
- It is a pleasure to be here today and talk about the digital publishing. Let’s have a look at the topics I want to cover. First of all, I will tell you a little bit about my work context the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Afterwards, the structure of my presentation will roughly follow our e-book learning curve at the School.One of the first questions we were asking as an educational institution and learning organization was 'Why should we care ?' I will briefly highlight why I see e-books as an important educational technology._The next issue we struggled with was to get a clear and, more important,_shared_understanding of what we meant when we talked about e-books. Here, I will provide a working definition and some examples that illustrate the potential breadth of the term.To get a sense of e-books, it is useful to explore the spaces, stores and devices where you can find them.Obviously, we looked at tools, processes and procedures for how to produce e-books.Last but not least, we have been trying to get a sense what our target group, adult learners, will embrace.The final section of my presentation will present some lessons learned.
- I work as instructional analyst at UNC School of Government.
- ----- Meeting Notes (9/25/13 12:27) -----Needed s a slode about the pilot
- E-books as an emerging educational technology have certainly evolved in recent years from being on the horizon to right in front of us. Several influential trend reports have highlighted the importance and transformative potential of reading 'e'.
- Why are we _talking about e-books? What is so exciting about this format? Why did nobody state 'PDFs will revolutionize education? I believe that there are three distinct, but interconnected reasons forthis, that I categorize as 'the 'functiality of the e-book', 'the legacy of hypertext', and 'the promise ofmobile learning'.
- 'Depending on the functionality of the reader, e-books allow for interactivity such as searching, bookmarking, annotating, indexing o connecting to external resources for instance dictionaries or encyclopedias. Depending on the infrastructure you choose, they may align well with scholarly search and citation tools, offer interactive experiences and display compelling multimedia content.
- This catalog of features connects e-books to the whole discourse universe of digital humanities, in particular hypertext theory and the narrative potential of multimedia. In other words, the momentum of e-books is to a certain extent a re-run of the excitement around the concept of hypertext that we saw in the late 1990ies.
- in the long run "the result has alwaysbeen to democratize information and power
- The very first electronic versions of books were those digitized by Project Gutenberg in the 1970s. Originally,the interface for reading electronic books was a computer screen. In the late 1990s, special devices for reading electronic books, known as e-readers or simply readers, began to appear on the market. In a narrow definition, e-books are documents specifically designed for mobile "e-readers". These readers can be either specific devices such as Kindle, Nook, Sony Reader, Kobo E-Reader, or specific applications ("apps") that allow for display on iPads, Android and Surface tablets and smartphones. _such as Adobe Digital Editions, iBooks, FB Reader. In addition, browser plug-ins such as Firefox E-Pub Plugin allow to open e-book formats in a standard Web environment.Many current digital publishing projects operate with a broader view of e-books as "volumes accessible online and on mobile devices". This opens the world of e-books up to all sorts of digital content and assets, such as websites, learning objects, e-journals and mobile apps.I will briefly walk you through examples for most of these options. I will share mostly our own projects at the School of Government, for which I have intricate knowledge about development or maintenance, but I will also show some selected outside examples and can provide you with contact information if you would like further information.
- Gordon Whitaker’s book “Local Government in North Carolina” was first published in 1993. Just like the previous edition from 2009, the new 2012 edition is an “online only” project. For the 2012 edition, Gordon wanted to explore new ways of presenting his content that go beyond putting a PDF online. We explored different options and decided to use Xerte, an open source authoring tool, in this pilot project. To provide content specifically for the iPad, we also looked at ibooks author, the latest addition to the e-books universe from Apple. Gordon’s MS Word manuscript is stored on SOG Public / LGNC. We created a website that provides links to different content options and additional information about the book: Local Government in North Carolina.
- In this collaborative project, ITD and publications developed an e-book in multiple formats that accompanied the release of the print edition of Recruitment and Selection Law for Local Government Employers by Diane Juffras. This prototype allows us to develop the workflow and business process – from the implementation to data storage, to SOG bookstore and alternative shopping option (Amazon, iTunes). The goal was to have a comprehensive pilot for these types of electronic publication.
- Specialized content management systems for e-journals (e.g., Open Journal Systems) can be adopted as a functional solution for generating and publishing edited volumes in a Web environment.
- Since e-books and online publications mean different things to different people, each project starts with an assessment of goals, constraints and needs. This allows us to decide if we talk about e-books in a narrow sense (formats like e-pub, mobi or ibooks) or in a broader sense (SCORM learning object, Web sites, e-journals, mobile app). Questions include:Should this book be read on e-reader devices such as Nook, Kindle, iPad? Which ones?Should this book pre primarily accessed online through a Web Browser?How important are multimedia elements and hyperlinks (cross references)?Does the book contain special text elements like a glossary?Is the content available for free (open access) or for purchase?
- ----- Meeting Notes (9/25/13 12:27) -----We the SOGWhy did we start e-books group and what did we hope to learn?How can we approach a new technology in a non-reactive way.The Advisory Group Tom, Susan, Todd, Brad Volk, Katrina What are e-bookThe pilot