This is an analysis of JAMB 2012 UTME Candidates' choices

1. 4 5
3 6
2 7
1 8
0 9

2. JAMB 2012:
Analysis of Applicants’
Choices

3. JAMB 2012 registration started Nov. 2011,
and ended Mar. 12th 2012 after a 1 week
postponement.
Total Applicant = 1,503,889
503,
1.5million Candidates will be vying for about
500,000 admission spaces in Nigeria tertiary
institutions.
1,503,889 _ 30%
30%
500,000 ˜
So, what is the fate of the remaining 70%?

4. 13 Years History of
JAMB Applicants
[2000 – 2012]

5. History of Applications 2000 – 2012
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
416,381 749,417 994,380 1,132,392 841,878 916,371 803,472 911,653 1,054,060 1,182,381 1,375,652 1,493,604 1,503,889
Year / Total Applicants
1,600,000
1,493,604 1,503,889
1,375,652
1,400,000
1,182,381
1,200,000
1,132,392
1,054,060
994,380
1,000,000
916,371 911,653
841,878
803,472
800,000 749,417
600,000
416,381
400,000
200,000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

6. % Growth of Applications ‘00 – ‘12
% Growth
100.00%
Year Count
79.98%
% Growth 80.00%
2000 416,381
60.00%
2001 749,417 79.98%
40.00% 32.69%
2002 994,380 32.69%
20.00% 13.88% 13.46% 15.62% 12.17% 16.35%
2003 1,132,392 13.88% 8.85% 8.57%
0.69%
0.00%
2004 841,878 -25.65%
-20.00% -12.32%
2005 916,371 8.85%
-25.65%
-40.00%
2006 803,472 -12.32% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2007 911,653 13.46%
2008 1,054,060 15.62%
2009 1,182,381 12.17%
Base on the growth trend above, JAMB
2010 1,375,652 16.35%
2013 may experience a decline. Could
2011 1,493,604 8.57% this imply applicants are getting less
2012 1,503,889 0.69% interested in Tertiary education?
…but why?

7. Application by
Institution Owners

8. Federal – State – Private
Owner % of Applicants
Federal 68.56%
State 29.87%
Private 1.57%
342,800)
This means, Federal Schools will admit 68.56% (342,800)
Candidates, State Schools – 29.87% (149,350) and Private
149,350)
Schools – 1.57% (7,850).
Owner No. of Institution
Surprisingly, there are
Federal 36
more Private Institutions
than Federal or State. State 37
Private 50

9. Federal – State - Private
In other words, our schools are available but not
affordable.
affordable In fact, with the growth rate of the
establishment of private institutions, it has been
predicted that by 2015, Private institutions will
far out-number all other types of institutions in
Africa.
The implication is that Tertiary Education will be
more expensive just as the Government owned
will be over-stretched beyond capacity.

10. Application by
Institutions
[Highest – Lowest]

11. Some schools consistently enjoy high patronage
even though over 90% of their applicants are
never offered admission space.
About 94,000+ candidates applied to UNILAG in
2011, only 8000+ were offered admission. This is
just about 8.5% success rate.
This year, 84,000+ applied to UNILAG as first
choice institution, how many will be admitted?
About…. 7148.93617021276595745 Applicants!
Why are some schools consistently over
subscribed while others are short of Students?

12. 2012 Application by Institution
Below are top 10 Institutions with highest patronage
– University, Poly and College of Education
100,000
94,078
89,310
90,000
84,324
82,382 82,043
80,275 80,216 79,840
80,000 78,264
74,269
69,498
70,000
65,651
64,261 64,160
60,684
60,000
48,848 2012
50,000 45,851
43,500 2011
42,086
40,000
30,000
20,000
14,029
10,000
0
UNILAG NAU UNIBEN UNN UNILORIN OAU ABU UNIPORT UNIUYO EVANS

13. Institutions like UNILAG, ABU, UNIPORT dropped in patronage, it
could be as a result of the establishments of new schools or
Applicants decide to try their luck elsewhere after several
disappointments.
Particularly surprised at EVANS, with over 200% increase in
patronage and ABU dropping down to 7th position on the list,
definitely besides the above mentioned reasons, political/religious
instability could be a culprit.
Total applicants to this 10 schools form about 45% of the total
candidates that apply for JAMB 2012.
Only one of these Schools is owned by a State government, none by
Private establishments; hence government remains the highest
investor in Nigeria Education.
One obvious fact is Federal schools are cheaper, but the truth is that
infrastructures in these schools are over-stretched. Still there are
some Federal schools with few applicants, with competitive
infrastructures that are less used.

14. Polytechnic and College of Education
180,000
163,836
160,000
145,173
Polytechnic
140,000
119,011
120,000 116,412
101,806
99,818 98,704
100,000
83,785 2012
80,000 71,517 2011
59,301
55,804
59,827 57,080 47,017
60,000 52,607 51,111
51,341 47,790 45,235
38,102
40,000
20,000
0
NEKEDE YABA AUCHI OKO KADUNA RIVERS IBADAN NASARAWA AKWA-IBOM KWARA
180,000
162,642
160,000 College of education
141,111
140,000
120,000 104,530
101,294 98,517
100,000 97,693
2012
72,377 74,781 80,113
80,000 67,889
2011
69,756 63,533
45,437
60,000 44,883
45,696 42,254 39,423
42,615 40,955 40,699
40,000
20,000
0
A-IKOKU ADEYEMI ADENIRAN AKOKA PH ZARIA AKWA-IBOM ZUBA EKIADOLO NSUGBE

15. Application by
Faculty

16. Shown below is applicants’ first choices based
on Faculty
300000 295858
277815
264959
250000
197836
200000
177570
150000
100000 87385
60054
51494
50000
26113
0
Social Science Administration Medical Engineering Science Law Arts Education Agriculture
Social Sciences and Administration are clear leaders
showing Applicants have higher preference for courses
listed in these faculties. This has been the usual trend.

17. 300000
275208
249928
250000
198572
200000
2008
184210
179056
174409
160466 157460
150000 139129
117905
2009
100000
83009
75244
68434 67851
50000 44346
36590
13408
11216
0
Social Science Administration Medical Engineering Science Law Arts Education Agriculture
According to Joberman Salary Survey 2012 Accounting/Finance &
2012;
Administrative skills ranked as the two most employed skills in Nigeria.
What does this infer for the competitiveness of the Nigeria Economy
and the future of the Sciences?

18. Country’s economy are usually divided into Service,
Service
Industry & Agriculture sectors. Most developed
countries are more into Services (driven by Technology & the
Sciences) and less of Agriculture & Industry.
The World Economy is: Service(63%), Industry(31%)
63%
63 , 31%
31
& Agriculture(6%) while the Nigeria economy is:
6
Service(35%), Industry(33%) & Agriculture (32%)
35%
35 33%
33 32%
32
This shows that in order for the Nigeria economy to
measure up and deliver prosperity to its citizens,
careers choices should be more of courses that
offers intangible services that are exportable.
Courses that lead to the production & adaptation of
Information, generation & application of Knowledge,
improvement of Productivity, Performance, Potential
and Sustainability should be pursued intently.

19. Application by
Course of Study
[Highest – Lowest]

20. Which are the future Profession and
Professionals, and which ones are going to be
no more?
We have courses that have existed for ages, are
they still relevant in the 21st Century and beyond.
Also, there are emerging Professions and
Professionals, can they stand the test of
innovation?
A school of thought believes ‘it doesn’t matter
what you study, just get a good grade’ and jobs
will find you out. The other believe the only
courses worth studying are ‘professional
courses’?

21. 2012 Application by Course
Top 10 Courses with highest patronage – University
Med. & Surgery Accounting Economics
116,037 101,877 98,967
Law Business Admin. Mass Comm.
87,385 82,551 69,836
Political Sci. Computer Sci. Microbiology
69,047 67,996 47,097
Biochemistry
37,318

22. More than 50% (778,111 of total Candidates applied for
778,
778 111)
these top 10 courses.
No Engineering or Arts/Humanities course made the top
10. Mechanical (32,493 & Civil Engineering (32,223 came
32,
32 493) 32,
32 223)
in 13th & 14th positions respectively; despite, we do not
have mechanized industries and our roads are deplorable.
Nursing & Pharmacy ranks 11th and 12th on the list;
together with Biochemistry, Microbiology and Medicine &
Surgery, they totaled 266,117 candidates, yet Life
Expectancy in Nigeria is about 47yrs.
By these facts; there should be more Doctors,
Accountants, Economist, Lawyers, etc. than all other
professionals.

23. But the reality is that most of these Applicants do not
really get to study their first choice for many reasons; so
they opt for less known courses, if you like ‘the non-
professional courses’.
Beside Law and Medicine & Surgery, getting employed in
any of the other profession could just be a matter of
earning a good first degree, corresponding 2nd degree and
professional certifications
The Labour market is biased towards Grade than Course
of Study, a good grade appears better than a good course.
Also true is the fact that lots of Graduate do not work with
what they study – some Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers,
abandon their profession for other fields they find
interesting – financially or fulfilling.

24. Institution With
Most Subscribed
Course

25. Why would a Candidate prefer to study a course in School
A instead of B? Is this true for all courses?
12,000
First Course 1st 2nd 3rd
Accounting 10,192 9,406 7,616
Med & Surgery 10,131 9,184 8,694
10,000 Biz Admin 9,423 7,741 7,343
Law 6,634 6,469 6,042
Economics 6,071 5,057 4,684
UNILORIN
UNN
Mass Comm. 6,315 5,966 5,459
UNILORIN
Nursing 5,056 4,441 3,581
8,000 Elect/Elect 4,948 2,790 2,507
OAU
UNILAG
Petroleum Eng 4,663 3,904 3,140
OAU
Pharmacy 4,397 4,091 4,076
UNILAG
UNILORIN
Political Sci 4,367 3,255 3,120
Computer Sci 4,201 2,921 2,846
6,000 1st
UNIBEN
2nd
UNILORIN
UNN
3rd
UNIBEN
NAU
UNILAG
UNN
UNN
OAU
4,000
EVANS
FUTO
FUTO
UNIBEN
NAU
UNN
UNIPORT
UNILORIN
LAUTECH
OAU
ABU
UNIBEN
UNIBEN
UNILAG
UNIPORT
UNIBEN
BSU
FUTO
2,000
FUTA
0
Accounting Med & Biz Admin Law Economics Mass Comm Nursing Elect/Elect Petroleum Pharmacy Political Sci Computer
Surgery Eng Sci
Illustration: Accounting is the most preferred course, with UNILORIN as the 1st institution of choice, then OAU & UNILAG

26. Statistically; UNN seems to be the institution of choice for
Medicine & Surgery, Law, Nursing, Pharmacy, etc.
Though there are no enough evidence to conclude UNN is
the best in these courses, but there it gives high indication
that it might be the best in Medical sciences.
UNILORIN could be considered tops for Administrative
courses – Accounting and Business Administration
FUTO stood out as the institution of choice for Engineering
courses, coming tops in Elect/Elect & Petroleum
Engineering
EVANS (Imo) – Economics, LAUTECH (Osun) - Nursing &
BSU (Benue) – Political Science & Business Management
are the only 3 States Universities on the list

27. Where are the
Teachers?
[Education]

28. One of the greatest resource for the achievement of a
Nation’s developmental goals is the availability of quality
Teachers.
The Teaching professional is not well embraced as
evidenced in Candidates’ choice of study; for obvious
reasons, teachers are one of the least paid professionals.
Yearly, graduates of Education are produced but very few
practice the profession. Why?
Some of those graduates took to Education because it
offers them easier opportunity for tertiary education.
Even those that deliberately chose Education as course of
study are poached by organization (Banks, Telecoms, Oil &
Gas, InfoTech.) once they graduate with enviable grades –
2nd class upper & 1st class.

29. A total of 51,494 candidates applied for courses in
51,
Education. This is just 3.42% of total applicants.
42%
Based on 500,000 (30% of applicants) carrying capacity of
500,
our Tertiary institutions; only 15,488 (i.e. 30% of 51,494)
15, 30% 51,
potential teachers would be produced in the year 2017.
Admin &
Planning, 7764
Adult & Child,
Sciences, 12034 1968
See
distribution of
applicants per
Subject areas:
commercial,
11054
Arts, 18674

30. Students performance in WAEC, NECO & JAMB in the
Sciences have been discouraging, could it be due to
insufficient manpower in the Sciences?
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
The Sciences trail behind except Biology & Agric. It is also
worrisome that Mathematics unlike English Language is
not a subject of choice for Education applicants.

31. Core Subjects & Applicants’ Interests
Arts
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
English IRS Hausa CRS History Yoruba Arabic French Igbo Govt Music Nig Lang Edo Lang

32. Core Subjects & Applicants’ Interests
Commercials
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Economics Business Education Accounting

33. Core Subjects & Applicants’ Interests
Sciences
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Biology Agric Math Physics Chemistry

34. Will There Be Food
For All?
[Agriculture]

35. Only 3 university of Agriculture exist. UNAAB, MAKURDI &
UMUDIKE. Some of the non-Agric. institutions have faculty
of Agriculture.
A total of 26,113 candidates applied for courses in
26,
Agriculture. This is just 1.74% of total applicants.
74%
6000
5000
4000
Courses with high
interest
3000
2000
1000
0
Agric - Biz Food Sci & Tech Agric Agric-econs & Agric Eng Agric Econs Agric Sci & Edu
Ext
Plant Sci. & Microbiology 0
Home Science, Nutrition And Dietetics 0
Home Economics And Food Management 0
Courses with no interest as first choice Forestry 0
Soil Science Management 0
Agriculture/Mechanization And Technology 0
Soil Science And Agro-climatology 0

36. Though food business is a serious business, most
Agriculture graduates prefer white collar jobs to farm
management and the likes.
With Nigeria population at about 2% growth rate;
importation of food – both raw and processed – are
definitely going to be on the increase.
Benue state is known as the “Food Basket of the Nation
Food Nation”
and claimed to have the weather condition of 5 South-
American countries making it indeed a potential food
producer for the Nation.
Though Lagos is congested; Nigeria is filled with lots of
virgin forests and thick bushes uninhabited but very useful
for Agricultural produce.
Food for all is possible in Nigeria; a clarion call to the
Government for the sustenance of the future generation.

37. Data source:
- JAMB results as announced in the dailies
- WAEC results as announced in the dailies
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Analysis by: Wale Micaiah
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