1. 1/11/13 Basics of petroleum geology
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Basics of petroleum geology Geological Maps
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Basics of petroleum geology
Presentation T ranscript
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2. 1/11/13 Basics of petroleum geology
1. Basics of Petroleum Geology Presented By: Shahnawaz Mustafa Geologic Timeline
2060 views
2. The science of petroleum geology• Chemistry Geochemistry is a major
component of petroleum geology • Detailed knowledge of the mineralogical
Geologic Timeline
composition of rocks – reservoir quality. • Pore-fluid chemistry Pore-• Physics 858 views
Geophysics contributes to: • Understanding the structures involved in
trapping: folds, faults • Understanding the wells: wireline logs, lithology,
Retail Petroleum
porosity 3059 views
3. • Biology • Biochemistry: transformation of plant and animal tissues into
kerogen and through to oil and gas. • Study of fossil life: Paleontology Basic Needs
901 views
4. Formation of an oil accumulationBurial of adequate organic source material.
most petroleum is derived from the accumulation of trillions of individual Basics
micro-organisms. micro-Burial to the appropriate depths. depths of 2-6 km and 7388 views
temperatures of 60-160º C. 2- 60-Presence of a reservoir-quality rock. reservoir-
a porous storage space. Sandstone and limestones are the most common
Geology History of Israel
reservoir rocks. To be a reservoir they must have: Porosity, Porosity, to hold 1399 views
the hydrocarbons Permeability, Permeability, to allow fluid flow
S alt mines. Geological services.
5. Presence of an adequate seal A seal is an impermeable bed (such as a shale
720 views
or a bed of salt) that sits on top of the trap and prevents the hydrocarbons
rising any further.Presence of a trap In order to prevent the hydrocarbons
Geologic Time S cale 9
rising to the surface and escaping they must be caught in a confined space,
9754 views
termed a trap. i.e. the source, reservoir and seal must be arranged in such a
way that the petroleum is trapped.
Geologic Time Lecture
6. Organic MatterWhen an organism (plant or animal) dies, it isnormally 2521 views
oxidizedUnder exceptional conditions: organic matter is buriedand preserved
in sedimentsThe composition of the organic matter strongly influences
GeologíA4ºA
whether the organic matter can produce coal, oil or gas. 655 views
7. Basic components of organic matter in sediments• PROTEINS•
Geology 380 Library Instruction
CARBOHYDRATES• LIPIDS (Fats)• LIGNINAll of these + Time + Temperature
1504 views
+ Pressure = KEROGEN
8. Types of Kerogen• Type I : algal kerogen – “best” oil source – Lipid-rich Geology and the Environment
Lipid-• Type II: herbaceous II: kerogen – Good oil source – Includes 2655 views
zooplankton (sapropelic)• Type III: woody III: kerogen (coaly) – Good gas
source The Geology Times
475 views
9. OIL FORMATION
10. The Petroleum System Geology for kids (Japanese)
425 views
11. The Source Rock • A type of rock which contains organic matter and is
capable to generate the hydrocarbons. • Best example of source rock is shale.
Geology of Maui
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12. The Reservoir Rock • A reservoir rock is that kind of rock which can hold
the hydrocarbons. • Most common examples of reservoir rocks are sandstone
and Carbonates (limestone and dolomite). Geological Time Analogies
1594 views
13. The Reservoir Rock: Dolomite • This is an example of an important reservoir
rock type. • Fossils have been hollowed out by the chemical conversion of
unocal v mesa petroleum
limestone to dolomite, creating pore spaces so large that they are sometimes 2373 views
called “cavernous porosity” porosity”
14. The Seal• The seal or cap rock is an impermeable rock which don’t allow S cience Petroleum Power
299 views
the hydrocarbons to escape from the reservoir rock.• Common examples of cap
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3. 1/11/13 Basics of petroleum geology
rocks are, chalks , shales, clays etc.
S cience Petroleum Power 2
198 views
15. The Trap• A subsurface obstacle to flow of petroleum to the earth’s
surface.• Classified (broadly) into Structural Traps Examples: folds and faults.
S cience Petroleum Power
Stratigraphic Traps Examples: pinch out and unconformity traps
316 views
16. Structural Traps
S cience Petroleum Power 2
17. Stratigraphic traps
289 views
18. Migration Processes• Primary Migration: involves the expulsion of
petroleum from the source rocks to reservoir rock.• Secondary Migration: S cience Petroleum Power 2
255 views
involves the movement of petroleum through permeable layers (carrier beds)
to the trap. trap.
Petroleum Program Update
19. Reservoir Porosity and PermeabilityThere are two fundamental physical 730 views
properties that a good reservoir must have: (1) porosity, or sufficient void
space to contain significant petroleum. petroleum. (2) permeability, the ability
FUNDAMENTAL OF PETROLEUM
of petroleum to flow through these voids. voids. EXPLORATION
1393 views
20. Types of porosity
occidental petroleum 2008
21. Reservoir properties are to be confirmed through• Direct methods (Core)• 231 views
Indirect method (logs)
22. Presence of Oil/Gas is confirmed through (1) Logs (2) Cuttings/cores (3) occidental petroleum
S upplementals
Testing Seal Integrity is the most important factor for preservation of 255 views
hydrocarbon in pools
occidental petroleum S lide
Presentation
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Petroleum Tower Historic
S ignificance
2430 views
Petroleum Tower A1 A11a
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Basic well log interpretation
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