2Outline presentation Arlenn CamposDepartment of.docx

2
Outline presentation
Arlenn Campos
Department of forensic psychology
Northcentral University
PSY- 6510 V3 : Capstone in forensic psychology
Dr. John Mitchel
October 28, 2022
The purpose of this presentation is to discuss how efficient
psychological treatments are in correctional facilities and
suggesting ways to address any identifiable inadequacies in how
offenders are treated in the corrections. I would be addressing
very specific target audience which are psychologists,
counsellors, correctional personnel and those in charge of
formulating policies within these correctional facilities.
Counselors and psychologist must be aware of how efficient
psychological treatments are for inmates and where the system
is lacking in order to fill in that gap. Similarly, those in charge
of policy a program formation sho0uld also be cognizant with
these practices and knowledge.

The no longer concerns whether psychiatric therapy is
beneficial; rather, it is: "what intervention, from whom, and
under which conditions is most helpful for this person, with this
particular problem? Immediate research is required to solve this
issue. This should cover the numerous factors and their
interconnections, such as personality types, cause attributions,
substance misuse, skill endowments and weaknesses, learning
style, reaction style,' mode of operation, environmental
influences, and demographic factors.
Comprehensive psychological evaluations, both before and
during treatment, are the key to solving this problem. This
presentation will shed light on the issues that must be discussed
by treatment, as well as the particular offending behaviors that
must be handled head-on. It will also reveal what offence-
related behaviors, personal attributes, and facets of the inmate's
environment should be acknowledged in order to successfully
treat the offender. Effective treatment articulates not only the
specific offending behavior but also other offender parameters
that are related to it. This means that it is not an either/or
situation.
Positive response to this issue will lead to extensive changes to
the training activities rendering them more comprehensive and
in-depth so as to greatly influence the outcomes. The outcomes
that are expected is that it may help direct the design and
implementation of future psychological training programs and
study for inmates, as well as contributing to the creation of best
practice recommendations for such programs.
The intended implication from this presentation is to provide
the relevant agencies and instituti9on with added knowledge,
and recommendation on new practices so as to make the
programs offered in corrections more efficient to the point
where we would be able to observe positive changes in offender
behavior and low rates of recidivism.
What knowledge and skill areas will be the focus of the training
or webinar?
· What a cognitive approach is and what it does.

· The method's origins and how they're still relevant now.
· Learning the meaning of "cognitive" and why it's so
significant.
· Dysfunctional thinking
· Cognitive theory, the value of refined therapeutic expertise,
and examples of its use.
· How to implement a cognitive strategy,
Goals and objectives: What do you want participants to learn
during the training or webinar? What will they leave knowing
more about, or what new skills will they have acquired?
Participants in this training will get sufficient understanding of
a cognitive approach to allow them to implement it
appropriately to their caseload. Those who deal with offenders
will benefit from this information.
Essential questions: What central questions should participants
answer as the training or webinar unfolds?
· What are the most significant risks that come with an
ineffectively applied cognitive strategy, and in particular how
might this risk make things worse instead of better?
· Why you should never attack a person's identity but rather
question their thoughts.
Summary of participant activities (this is more
typical/applicable to training): How will participants
accomplish training objectives and answer the questions in
numbers 2 and 3 above? (e.g., small group discussions and
projects, lectures, role-playing)
The activities involved will cover tasks such as role playing
wherein some participant play the role of psychologist while
others play the role of the offender. It would also encompass
lectures and cognitive self-test of what was learnt.
Resources: What resources might you use to help participants
accomplish the training or webinar objectives? (e.g., current
research, discussions, encouragement)
The resources that will be used will comprise of past and
current research on the subject matter in which the participants
will also use this information to engage in discussions and

debates.
Assessment activities: How will others determine if participants
a) have reached curriculum objectives identified in number 2
above, and b) can answer the questions in number 3?
As mentioned before the participants will have to undertake an
assessment at the end of the training in order to test their
learning and ow, they are able to put it in action.
References
Beaudry, G., Yu, R., Perry, A. E., & Fazel, S. (2021).
Effectiveness of psychological interventions in prison to reduce
recidivism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomised controlled trials.
The Lancet Psychiatry,
8(9), 759-773.
Coupland, R., & Olver, M. E. (2020). Assessing protective
factors in treated violent offenders: Associations with
recidivism reduction and positive community outcomes.
Psychological assessment,

32(5), 493.
Derlic, D. (2020). A systematic review of literature: Alternative
offender rehabilitation—Prison yoga, mindfulness, and
meditation.
Journal of Correctional Health Care,
26(4), 361-375.
Gannon, T. A., Olver, M. E., Mallion, J. S., & James, M.
(2019). Does specialized psychological treatment for offending
reduce recidivism? A meta-analysis examining staff and
program variables as predictors of treatment effectiveness.
Clinical psychology review,
73, 101752.
Harrison, J. L., O’Toole, S. K., Ammen, S., Ahlmeyer, S.,
Harrell, S. N., & Hernandez, J. L. (2020). Sexual offender
treatment effectiveness within cognitive-behavioral programs: A
meta-analytic investigation of general, sexual, and violent
recidivism.
Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,
27(1), 1-25.
Heppell, S., Jones, C., & Rose, J. (2022). The effectiveness of
cognitive-behavioural therapy group-based interventions for
men with intellectual disabilities and sexual offending histories:
a meta-analysis.
International journal of developmental disabilities,
68(4), 416-429.
Jones, E., & Chaplin, E. (2020). A systematic review of the
effectiveness of psychological approaches in the treatment of
sex offenders with intellectual disabilities.
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual
Disabilities,
33(1), 79-100.

Kuin, N. C., Masthoff, E. D., Nunnink, V. N., Munafò, M. R., &
Penton-Voak, I. S. (2020). Changing perception: A randomized
controlled trial of emotion recognition training to reduce anger
and aggression in violent offenders.
Psychology of Violence,
10(4), 400.
Levenson, J. S., & Grady, M. D. (2019). “I could never work
with those people...”: Secondary prevention of child sexual
abuse via a brief training for therapists about pedophilia.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence,
34(20), 4281-4302.
Young, S., Gudjonsson, G., Chitsabesan, P., Colley, B., Farrag,
E., Forrester, A., ... & Asherson, P. (2018). Identification and
treatment of offenders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder in the prison population: a practical approach based
upon expert consensus.
Bmc Psychiatry,
18(1), 1-16.
2

Literature Review
Arlenn Campos
Dr. John Mitchell
October 20, 2022
Introduction
The Efficacy of Psychological Treatments for Violent Offenders
in Correctional.
A.
Who Are the Treatments for In a Correctional Facility?
In terms of its consequences on victims, the life quality for
violators, and the financial impact it places on correctional
facilities, the healthcare system, and society as a whole,
violence is a serious global public health issue. According to
research, a very small percentage of habitually aggressive
people is liable for a disproportionately large number of violent
episodes. These individuals are often jailed or, in the case of
those with mental illness, confined in secure facilities for the
goal of incapacitating and rehabilitating them. Up to 70% of
prison inmates, hospitalized offenders, and felons under
supervision in the community in affluent countries are violent
offenders, as well as clinical psychologists are frequently
depended upon to handle the rehabilitative requirements of
those deemed at danger of future violence. In recent years, there

has been a global explosion in the creation and execution of
programs addressing offender behavior (Bartol & Bartol. 2019).
These efforts are the result of comprehensive meta-analytic as
well as primary research demonstrating that these programs may
significantly lower a criminal's likelihood to commit more
offenses. Widely referred to as the "what works" or risk-need-
responsivity model to offender rehabilitation, the most effective
programs conform to core, empirically proven service delivery
criteria (Andrews & Bonta, 2010).
1.
Drug Addictions Definition
"A curable, chronic medical condition involving intricate
interactions amongst neural pathways, genetics, the
surroundings, and a person's life experiences," is how the
American Society of Addiction Medicine describes addiction.
Addicts abuse drugs or engage in activities that quickly become
obsessive and, most of the time, continue doing so despite the
fact that they are having negative effects on their lives. Many
individuals, although not all, start taking drugs or participating
in activities freely at some point in their lives. On the other
hand, addiction has the potential to diminish one's capacity for
self-control.
2.
Offenders’ Definition
The criminal justice system labels violent offenders among the
most serious criminals because they have been apprehended,
found guilty, and even incarcerated for felony crimes like
robbery, aggravated battery, sexual violence and spousal abuse,
rape, and even murder (Woody, 2019)). Offenders who
committed violent crimes either possessed, owned, or utilized a
firearm or other potentially lethal weapon, which resulted in the
victim's death or significant physical damage. According to the
findings of a study (Conis & Delisi, 2011), individuals who
commit violent crimes have personality traits that are more
psychopathological in essence.
B.

Psychology Treatment for Offenders
Background History
Presently, there is a lack of standardized evaluation measures,
and comprehensive evaluation is instead dependent on clinical
expertise and tradition (CSC, 1995). Questions are adapted from
a person's early life and growth to the specifics of the most
recent crime. The offending chain or problem behavior process
(Ward et al. 1995) serves as the organizational framework, with
assessment subjects organized around the purpose of
comprehending the function of cognitive, affective,
developmental, social/contextual, and behavioral factors and
interrelations as they impact the offending in question and as
each offending pattern continues to unfold over time
(Polaschek, 2019). There are, nevertheless, a number of
alternative helpful evaluation frameworks exists. The purpose
of these assessment is to create a personalized case synthesis
for the offender that can be used to evaluate the offender's
rehabilitation progress and outcomes in light of their evaluated
treatment needs, if the offender is receiving treatment
independently, as part of a group "package," or some combo of
the two. Assessment is now driven by medical practice,
research, and conjecture regarding the applicability of needs
assessment along with other offending groups to violent
offenders, but no empirically generated criminogenic needs
evaluations have been undertaken for this population (Howells
et al. 1997).
Psychological Interventions for Individuals with a past of
violent crime are talk-based programs that employ
psychological concepts to interfere in the participants' ideas,
emotions, and actions. These treatments are intended for adults
who have a history of committing violent crimes. Adults who
have a history (either self-reported or recorded by law
enforcement) of violent crime, including sexual assault and
domestic violence, are the primary target population for these
types of therapy. The purpose of psychological therapy is to
bring about a reduction in aggressive, violent, or antisocial

conduct.
Ii. Treatments In a Correctional Facility
Several different types of organized psychotherapies make up
the psychological therapy arsenal. Programs that aim to reduce
violence comprise those that use cognitive-behavioral therapy,
anger management techniques, dialectical-behavioral therapy,
schema-focused therapy, and other similar approaches.
Correctional institutions, community corrections programs, and
parolees all get these treatments, as do inmates at forensic
psychiatric hospitals and patients seen in outpatient clinics.
There is considerable flexibility in the treatment timetable,
which may last anywhere from 16-300 hours.
According to Travers et al. 2013, enhanced thinking skills is
one such initiative. Inmates at medium to high risk, as well as
those at extreme risk, are the focus of this cognitive-behavioral
skills training program. Its goal is to reduce recidivism by
improving its participants' ways of thinking and memory.
Various mental processes, including impulse regulation,
cognitive flexibility, value as well as critical reasoning, moral
reasoning, relational problem-solving skills and social
perspective taking are all directly or indirectly addressed in the
therapy.
III. Effect on Offender in Correctional Facility
A.
How Each Treatment Works for Each Person in
Correction
Offender
Many of the claims that "nothing works" are debunked by
current meta-analyses of prisoner rehabilitation programs,
which also provide useful advice on the basic concepts
associated with successful correctional programming. In an
influential review of the research on correctional rehabilitation,
Cullen and associate (1989) verify that differential association,
cognitive models, social learning theory, skills training and
behavioral systems, along with family counseling, are among
the most efficacious theoretical bases for initiatives. Anti-

criminal role models, problem solving, tapping into available
community resources, fostering strong interpersonal bonds,
enforcing rules firmly but fairly, promoting a sense of self-
efficacy and competence, and preventing relapse are all vital
parts of any successful intervention. There was a strong
correlation between unsuccessful intervention strategies and
non-directive techniques, punishment models, disincentive, and
medical model strategies (Wylie et al. 2018).
The systematic development and evaluation of treatments to
reduce violent crime have not historically received the same
level of financing as those aimed at reducing sexual offenses
against minors. Even while violent offender programs are
springing up all over the world, notably there aren't many
outcome analyses to help shape their future growth, and many
of them have methodological flaws (Hernandez-Garcia, 2019).
But a few of research in both the adolescent and adult fields
provide pointers for creating effective treatment programs.
Studies with better methodology, programs that seem to be
focusing on high-risk instead of low-risk offenders, and
programs with more than one therapy component have been
given preference here. Programs like this are often delivered in
a group setting, or in a hybrid setting that combines group and
individual elements. Browne and Howells provide a method for
treating violent offenders that is solely dependent on the details
of each case (1996). Guidelines for evaluating programs are
provided by Van Voorhis et al (1995).
Programs for Troubled Youth Secondary and tertiary preventive
programs for violent or at-risk kids show promise. Anger
management, social skills, and empathy training are only few of
the topics included in the comprehensive behavioral skills
program designed by Goldstein and his associates. For a wide
variety of individuals and settings, such as imprisoned violent
youths and teenage gangs, numerous evaluations, as reported by
Goldstein and Glick (1994), recommend that Aggression
Replacement Training (ART) does have the potential to
influence improvements in participants on a variety of

applicable outcome indices. The EQUIP programme (Gibbs,
Potter, & Goldstein, 1995) is a more recent approach that
combines a peer-helping group context with social and cognitive
information processing skills drawn from Goldstein's ART and
Prepare (Goldstein, 1988) curricula, and Yochelson and
Samenow's (1977) collaborate.
Psychological help for adult offenders who use violence is often
tailored to each offender's specific needs (Browne & Howells,
1996), or it focuses on the correlation between aggression and
resentment (Hollin & Howells, 1989). To make matters worse,
there has not been a good enough conceptual framework to
guide the construction of theoretically consistent programmes.
Even though there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of
inmate violence treatments, low impact anger management
(AM) sessions have been available in New Zealand prisons for
over a decade. This pattern has also been seen in other
incarcerated groups. Most of these programs adhere to the stress
inoculation-coping skills model proposed by Novaco (1975,
1977). This may be due to Novaco's extensive theoretical
foundation for anger and aggressiveness (Novaco & Welsh,
1989).
Substance Abuse
MI was created by Miller and Rollnick (1991) as a method for
inspiring transformation in alcoholics and other addicts. This
method employs techniques that promote showing empathy,
minimizing arguing against the need for change, and addressing
any lingering reluctance about making the desired adjustments.
Multiple systematic reviews (e.g., Vasilaki et al.) and individual
studies all lend credence to the efficacy of MI both as a primary
therapy and as an adjunct to more intense programs (2006).
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a comparable method that
has shown promise in treating drug abuse outside of the
criminal justice system. When it comes to helping people
overcome addiction, interpersonal skills training (IPT) and
mediation training (MI) are quite comparable.
Outcomes Of the Treatment

Robinson (1995) reports outcomes on a sample of 2125
prisoners who had been undergoing community supervision for
at most a year after their release from prison. The offenders
were all subject to the supervision program. Out of these
individuals, 67.9 % had successfully completed the program,
14.2 % had left the program, and 17.8 % were controls who had
not been treated. In the first year after completing the program,
there was a readmission rate of 44.5 % for program graduates
and 50.1% for those on the waiting list. There were no changes
in terms of technical parole breaches between untreated and
treated individuals; however, there was a 20% decrease in
formal reconvictions for program completers. With the
exception of robbers, for whom the rates of recidivism remained
steady, the number of violent criminals who were reconvicted
decreased by around 35 percent. The program was most
successful with low-risk offenders, and Robinson came to the
conclusion that this was due to the fact that only reasonably
high-risk offenders are alluded to the program.
As a result, even the inmates with the lowest risk who were
included in the sample were still considered high-risk offenders
in comparison to the rest of the community corrections
population. The Vermont Department of Corrections offers a
cognitive-based program called Cognitive Self Change (CSC)
for both male and female violent offenders. Attitudes, ideas,
and ways of thinking that justify violent acts are the ones this
addresses. Inmates and parole officers get specialized training
to facilitate the program's three stages, during which they lead
groups. Results from the last several years show that program
participants who stick with it for more than six months see a
dramatic drop in parole violations and re-arrests. At 3 years,
45.5percent had relapsed, relative to 76.75% in the untreated
group.
What Can We Do to Improve the System with Treatments?
After looking at the current alternatives for violent offenders,
RN-R stood up as the most beneficial for both the victim and
the offender (Kurjata, 2019). When compared to other

approaches to psychological care, CBT places a greater
emphasis on evidence (Jeglic, 2015). According to Long et al.
(2019) forensic psychologists have shown that CBT techniques
are more helpful for trauma victims because they alleviate
symptoms of despair and anxiety. Offenders seem to make
better progress in programs that employ a psychoeducational
approach. This allows individuals to see things from a new
perspective by allowing them to respond to aggression in a
manner other than they typically would. Treatment programs for
ex-offenders should be made available since they may help
minimize the likelihood of recidivism (Long, 2019).
Why Incorporates TIC
Enhanced resilience and empowerment for a better quality of
life are achievable outcomes of learning to include evaluations
and implementing TIC in a range of contexts, including state
education, healthcare systems, and penal institutions (Bartlett et
al., 2018). The promise of TIC to empower individuals,
societies, and families worldwide and to enable people who
have endured trauma to alter their anticipated paths is immense.
To maintain equilibrium in the face of life's inevitable
disruptions, people need to develop adaptive skills like TIC.
Dana (2021) states that for individuals incarcerated, TIC
provides a solid groundwork for development, integrity, and
future paths. If helping people is really the primary goal, then
the patients should be given the opportunity to grow from their
experiences with trauma and error with the help of TIC.
Moreover, integrating TIC, which is based on research and
reading comprehension, may help us create more efficient and
useful programs as per Gifford (2019) findings.
Conclusion
In summary, a number of promising approaches for expanding
programming to address violent crime have been identified via
analysis of current initiatives. The vast majority of these
interventions are cognitive-behavioral and include a variety of
strategies to combat violent tendencies, including the correction
of erroneous beliefs and the development of more realistic

perspectives. Management or an independent relapse prevention
process could be included, as well as preemptive treatments to
boost motivation and treatment responsiveness. There is still
have a long way to go before correction facilities can create
interventions for violent offenders. Assessment batteries (self-
report survey questions, vignette and role-playing) that are
adequate to evaluate treatment variations and scientifically
associated with reoffending; violent offenders' comprehensive
needs assessments; risk measures that distinguish between
overall reoffending and violent recidivism are all areas that
require improvement for this diverse population (Long, 2019).
Lastly, as more studies are conducted, it becomes clearer that
TIC is essential for all inmates, not just those on probation.
References
Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The psychology of criminal
conduct, fith edition.
Bartlett, J. D., Griffin, J. L., Spinazzola, J., et al. (2018). The
impact of a statewide trauma-informed care initiative in child
welfare on the well-being of children and youth with complex
trauma. Children and Youth Services Review, 84

, 110–117. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.11.015
Bartol A., & Bartol C. (2019). Introduction to forensic
psychology: Research and application (5th ed.). Retrieved from
https://content.ashford.edu
Beaudry, G., Yu, R., Perry, A. E., & Fazel, S. (2021).
Effectiveness of psychological interventions in prison to reduce
recidivism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomised controlled trials.
The Lancet Psychiatry,
8(9), 759-773.
Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (1989). The effectiveness of
correctional rehabilitation - reconsidering the “nothing works”
debate. In L. Goodstein & D. L. McKenzie (Eds.), The
American prison: Issues in research policy (pp. 23-44). New
York: Plenum.
DeLisi, M., Conis, P. J., & Beaver, K. M. (2011). F or most of
the 20th century, criminology floundered because it focused on
normal processes and situations that were purported to cause
people to be delinquent. Strain, anomie, stress, poverty, living
in a bad neighborhood, discrimination, and hanging out with
friends who enjoyed breaking the law were some ofthe dominant
explanations ofcrime. Over time, especially during the 1960s
and 1970s, the causes.
Violent Offenders: Theory, Research, Policy, and
Practice, 1.
Gifford, K. L., Richdale, K., Kang, P., Aller, T. A., Lam, C. S.,
Liu, Y. M., ... & Sankaridurg, P. (2019). IMI–clinical
management guidelines report. Investigative ophthalmology &
visual science, 60(3), M184-M203.
Goldstein, A. P., & Glick, B. (1994). The prosocial gang:
Implementing aggression replacement training. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
Hernandez-Garcia, G. (2019). Effect of Juvenile Mental Illness

and Adult Offending (Doctoral dissertation, The University of
Texas at Arlington).
Hollin, C. R., & Howells, K. (1989). An introduction to
concepts, models and techniques. In K. Howells & C. R. Hollin
(Eds.), Clinical approaches to violence (pp. 3-24). Chichester:
Wiley.
Howells, K., Watt, B., Hall, G., & Baldwin, S. (1997).
Developing programmes for violent offenders. Legal and
Criminological Psychology, 2, 117-128.
Kurjata, A. (2019). Today’s Offender, Tomorrow’s Victim:
Analyzing the Connections Between Offenders and Victims.
Crossing Borders: Student Reflections on Global Social Issues,
1(1).
Lehrer, D. (2021). Trauma-Informed Care: The Importance of
Understanding the Incarcerated Women.
27(2), 121-126.
Lehrer, D. (2021). Trauma-Informed Care: The Importance of
Understanding the Incarcerated Women.
27(2), 121-126.
Long, J. S., Sullivan, C., Wooldredge, J., Pompoco, A., & Lugo,
M. (2019). Matching needs to services: Prison treatment
program allocations. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(5),
674-696.
Polaschek, D. L., Day, A., & Hollin, C. R. (2019). Correctional
psychology: A short history and current standing. The Wiley
International Handbook of Correctional Psychology, 1-29.
Tripodi, S. J., Mennicke, A. M., McCarter, S. A., & Ropes, K.
(2019). Evaluating seeking safety for women in prison: A
randomized controlled trial. Research on Social Work Practice,
29(3), 281-290.
Ward, T., Louden, K., Hudson, S. M., & Marshall, W. L.
(1995). A descriptive model of the offense chain for child

molesters.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence,
10(4), 452-472.
Woodhouse, R., Neilson, M., James, M. S., Glanville, J.,
Hewitt, C., & Perry, A. E. (2016). Interventions for drug-using
offenders with co-occurring mental health problems: a
systematic review and economic appraisal.
Health & Justice,
4(1), 1-15.
Woody, R. H. (2019). Violence and Criminal Psychopathy. In
Risks of Harm from Psychopathic Individuals (pp. 33-35).
Springer, Cham.
Wylie, L. E., & Rufino, K. A. (2018). The impact of
victimization and mental health symptoms on recidivism for
early system-involved juvenile offenders. Law and Human
Behavior, 42(6), 558–569.
https://doi-org.proxy-
library.ashford.edu/10.1037/lhb0000311
2
Evidence-Based Practice
Arlenn Campos
Department of forensic psychology, Northcentral University
Dr. John Mitchell

Programs are considered evidence-based when they have
undergone extensive testing in controlled environments, have
been shown to be beneficial, and have been adapted into
workable models that are readily accessible to community-based
groups. It is also essential that the assessments themselves have
been scrutinized by other experts in the field in the form of a
peer review.
Questions that are suitable for use with evidence-based
programs
· Has it been demonstrated that the program is successful?
· Which demographic was determined to benefit most from
participating in the program, and does this correspond to your
age range?
· Would the training be done by the developer?
· Does the developer provide support of a technical nature?
· Is there a general consensus of favorable feedback and results
among those individuals who have utilized this program?
Components to consider when selecting a program based on
evidence
· The incorporation of the most compelling evidence currently
available
· Clinical expertise
· The patient's values and the circumstances surrounding their
care are relevant to the decision-making process for client and
patient management as well as health policy.
The concept behind evidence-based programming and the way
in which it might be applied
· Asking pertinent clinical questions
· Utilization of the greatest available recent research evidence
· Integrating the knowledge and experience of practicing

professionals
· Choosing a concept, deciding what you want to accomplish
with your analysis, listing all the ways in which you use the
concept, describing its attributes, building a model case,
building a borderline case, building a connected case that
contradicts the model case, listing relevant contexts and
implications, and defining empirical references.
· Usually nursing care actions and choices aren't evidence
based; instead, they are obtained from informal sources such as
work experience, information from the nurse's observations and
coworkers, counsel from specialists, basic and post-graduate
education.
· The EBP criteria was used for this study because it is a top
priority for nurses to employ while providing care, and because
it is widely regarded as the most effective strategy for
improving clinical and patient experiences. According to the
principles of EBP, patients must get the most effective care
possible by making use of the most recent and relevant research
findings.
References
Fernandez, M. E., Ruiter, R. A., Markham, C. M., & Kok, G.
(2019). Intervention mapping: theory-and evidence-based health
promotion program planning: perspective and examples.
Frontiers in Public Health,
7, 209.
Portney, L. G. (2020).
Foundations of clinical research: applications to
evidence-based practice. FA Davis.

1
2
Arlenn Campos
Dr. John Mitchell
September 24, 2022
Thesis Statement
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how inmates in
different correctional facilities throughout the world do not get
the essential psychological interventions to prevent recidivism
once they are released, and how this situation has to be
improved. It would appear that publication bias and the effects
of small studies have contributed to an overestimation of the
modest effects that were reported from such interventions.

These effects disappeared when only large - scale studies were
considered in the studies.
1
6
Efficacy of Treatment in a Correctional Environment
Students Name
University
Professor
Course
Date
Psychological make-ups effects.
Bartol A., & Bartol C. (2019).
Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and
application (5th ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
Functional requirements of correctional facilities are influenced
by psychological make-ups, which can reduce the possibility of
therapeutic success. Because of the widespread belief among
inmates that psychologists operate for the prison administration
rather than for inmates' best interests, inmates have a more

difficult time cooperating with prison psychologists on
therapeutic programs.
Inmatesmental health concerns
Behavior, 42(6), 558–569. https://doi-org.proxy-
Prior to being put with general populations, inmates are
screened to ensure that they have access to appropriate
accommodation, which may involve a transfer to a facility
better suited to their mental health needs. Mental health
medication can be prescribed for inmates, but they have the
option to refuse it. When an offender refuses medicine and
displays concerning actions, they are placed in a protective
isolation cell where they will be closely monitored.
Connections between offenders and victims.
Crossing Borders: Student Reflections on Global
Social Issues,
1(1).
When it comes to juvenile delinquency, the roles of victim and
perpetrator are often interchangeable, as is discussed in this
article. However, this correlation is often overlooked since
adults tend to look just at the present circumstance rather than
the youth's history in both roles.
Effect of Juvenile Mental Illness and Adult Offending
Hernandez-Garcia, G. (2019).
Effect of Juvenile Mental Illness and Adult
Offending (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at
Arlington).
Mentally ill people have contact with the juvenile and adult
justice systems. Mental health issues are the leading cause of

incarceration, with more than half of all prisoners having been
diagnosed with one or more of these conditions. Similarly,
juvenile offenders appear to have significantly greater rates of
mental illness than those who do not offend. Seventy percent of
youth involved with the juvenile justice system suffer from
some form of mental illness.
Violence and Criminal Psychopathy
Risks of Harm from Psychopathic Individuals (pp.
33-35). Springer, Cham.
To a psychopath, everything is about them and their own
pleasure. In general, people that exhibit psychopathy are not
violent. Disinhibition from alcohol and other substances can
make a criminal psychopath more aggressive when they are
acting out of revenge or retribution in a domestic setting.
Intense or dangerous circumstances are common triggers for
psychopathic aggression and violence.
Correctional Psychology
psychology: A short history and current standing.
The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional
Psychology, 1-29.
Because human behavior is understood in so many various
ways, this article presents a brief summary of the history of
correctional practice that serves to remind us how varied
systems can be.
Prison Treatment Program Allocations
program allocations.
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
46(5), 674-696.
Prisoners have their criminogenic needs evaluated to help shape

their treatment regimens, but many are not matched with
appropriate treatments.
Evaluating seeking safety for women in prison
randomized controlled trial.
Research on Social Work Practice,
29(3), 281-290.
Inmates suffering from depression and PTSD were evaluated for
the program Seeking Safety in this study.
References
Bartol A., & Bartol C. (2019).
Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and
application (5th ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
Behavior, 42(6), 558–569. https://doi-org.proxy-
Crossing Borders: Student Reflections on Global Social
Issues,
1(1).
Hernandez-Garcia, G. (2019).
Effect of Juvenile Mental Illness and Adult
Offending (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at
Arlington).

Risks of Harm from Psychopathic Individuals (pp. 33-
35). Springer, Cham.
psychology: A short history and current standing.
The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional
Psychology, 1-29.
program allocations.
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
46(5), 674-696.
randomized controlled trial.
Research on Social Work Practice,
29(3), 281-290.

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