My report in Language and Literature Assessment.. :)

1. T = 16
“
16
8
7
9
26
8
16
17
17
23
U=22
12
7
22
14
7
14
14
26
23
4
22
16
16
12
4
17
A=1
14
7
17
8
14
22
8
9
16
18
9
12
Y=23
17
22
4
23
14
22
2
14
16
1
17
3
17
1
22
S=17
12
16
7
17
8
14
7
26
8
7
3
14
7
26
4
4
16
16
14
- George S. Patton
8
17
17
14
14
20
.
11
.
”
5
8
23
12
9
14
22

3. 1. Direct versus Indirect Testing
… If it is direct  It requires the candidate to
perform the skill that the test wishes to
measure
direct testing – intended to measure the
productive skills of speaking and writing
AUTHENTIC vs. EFFORT

4. Number of Attractions
1) Activities that should be assessed is clear and
relatively straightforward to create the
conditions which will elicit the behavior on
which judgment will be based.
2) In productive skills, the assessment and
interpretation are quite straightforward.
3) Since practice for the test involves practice of
the skills to foster, there is likely to be a
helpful backwash effect.

5. Indirect testing
• attempts to measure the ability that underlie
the skills in which the test is interested
• Contains underlined items which the student
needs to identify as ERRONEOUS or
INAPPROPRIATE in formal standard English
Example: Proposed method of testing
pronunciation ability by a paper and pencil
test

6. Semi-direct
Example: Candidates respond to taperecorded stimuli, with their own
responses being recorded and later
scored.

7. 2. Discrete Point versus Integrative
testing
a. Discrete – A completely discrete-point item
would test simple one point or objective such
as testing for the meaning of a word isolation
Example:
Choose the correct meaning of the word paralysis.
(A) Inability to survive
(B) State of unconsciousness
(C) State of stuck
(D) Being in pain

8. Discrete Point testing
• testing of one element at a time, item by item
or series of items each testing a particular
grammar structure

9. Integrative testing
• requires the candidate to combine many
language elements in the composition of a
task
Example: writing a composition, making notes
while listening to a lecture
*Diagnostic tests of grammar ----- DISCRETE

10. Integrative test
• integrative item that would test more than
one point or objective at a time (e.g.
comprehension of words, and ability to use
them correctly in context)
Example: Demonstrate your comprehension of
the following words by using them together in
a written paragraph: “paralysis”, “accident”
and “football”
Sometimes an integrative item is really more a
PROCEDURE than an item.

11. 3. Norm-referenced versus Criterionreferenced Testing
• In norm-referenced test, students’ scores are
interpreted relative to each other in a normal
distribution (bell curve).
– to facilitate proficiency and placement decisions

12. Criterion-referenced exams
• measure student ability against a
predetermined standard, e.g. the learning
objectives of a specific course or unit of a
course.
• The interpretation of scores is, therefore,
ABSOLUTE.

13. Objective versus Subjective Testing
• Objective – no judgment is required
– There is only one right answer.
• Subjective – if judgment is called for
– free composition, looking for series of factors
(creativity, style, cohesion and coherence,
grammar and mechanics)

14. THANK YOU! 