There are three main types of bone fractures described in the document: greenstick fractures, comminuted fractures, and spiral fractures. A greenstick fracture occurs when one side of the bone breaks while the other side only bends. A comminuted fracture is when the bone breaks into several pieces, appearing shattered or splintered. A spiral fracture results from a twisting motion and leaves a spiral-shaped break around the bone's shaft.