1. Cubism
Group # 1
Arreola, Ma. Elizabeth
Baldoza, Jessica
Basilio Jr., Basilio
Bautista, Marianne
Bigornia, Gian
Burgos, Stacey
Cabotaje, Jose Maria

2. What is Cubism?
Cubism is the most radical, innovative, and influential ism of
twentieth-century art. It is complete denial of the Classical conception of beauty.
Cubism is a modern art movement in which forms are abstracted
by using an analytical approach to the object and painting the basic geometric
solid of the object. Cubism is a backlash to the impressionist period in which
there is more of an emphasis of light and color.
Cubism itself follows Paul Cezanne statement that "Everything in
nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder." in which
these 3 shapes are used to depict the object of the painting.
Another way that the cubist expressed their painting was by showing
different views of an object put together in a way that you can not actually see
in real life.

3. History
Cubism was one of the most influential visual art styles of the early
twentieth century.
The leaders of this art movement were Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881–1973)
and Georges Braque (French, 1882–1963) in Paris between 1907 and 1914 and their
starting point was a common interest in the later paintings of Paul Cézanne.
.
The Cubism period stated in Paris in 1908, reached its peak in 1914, and
continued into the 20's.
Other painters from this period include:
-Fernand Leger
-Francis Picabia and R
-Roger De La Fresnaye.

4. Why Cubism?
It was the first style of abstract art which evolved at the beginning of the
20th century in response to a world that was changing with unprecedented speed.
Cubism was an attempt by artists to revitalize the tired traditions of
Western art which they believed had run their course. The Cubists challenged
conventional forms of representation, such as perspective, which had been the
rule since the Renaissance. Their aim was to develop a new way of seeing which
reflected the modern age.
The Cubist painters rejected the inherited concept that art should copy
nature, or that they should adopt the traditional techniques of perspective,
modeling, and foreshortening. They wanted instead to emphasize the
two-dimensionality of the canvas. So they reduced and fractured objects into
geometric forms, and then realigned these within a shallow, relieflike space. They
also used multiple or contrasting vantage points.

5. In the four decades from 1870-1910, western society witnessed more
technological progress than in the previous four centuries. During this period
inventions such as photography, cinematography, sound recording, the telephone,
the motor car and the airplane heralded the dawn of a new age.
Artists needed a more radical approach at this time to reflect the
modernity of the era using the tired and trusted traditions that had served art
for the last four centuries, or - a 'new way of seeing' that expanded the
possibilities of art in the same way that technology was extending the boundaries
of communication and travel.
This new way of seeing was called Cubism - the first abstract style of
modern art.

6. Types of Cubism
Analytical Cubism- Analytic cubism was
mainly practiced by Braque, and is very
simple, with dark, almost monochromatic
colours.
Painting Analysis:
Braque’s “Violin and Pitcher” reflects on how
intellectual cubism is. The violin is easy to see, while the
pitcher is less obvious, but still easily spotted a little above
and to the left of the violin.
Studying the bottom two-thirds of the canvas,
your eye moves around the violin and the pitcher, seeing
depth and distance and space–an odd, faceted space, but
space nonetheless that you could, presumably, stick your
arm into. You imagine you could reach behind the violin or
between it and the pitcher. It’s puzzling, because it’s not
clear if the violinis in front of the pitcher or vice versa, and
the two seem to switch places as you look between them,
but you are certain the pitcher is round and the neck of
the violin is standing free.
Georges Braque’s “Violin and Pitcher” 1910

7. Synthetic Cubism-
Synthetic cubism was much
more energetic, and often
made use of collage including
the use of several two-
dimensional materials. This
type of cubism was developed
by Picasso.
Influenced by the introduction of bold and simple collage shapes, Synthetic
Cubism moved away from the unified monochrome surfaces of Analytic Cubism to a
more direct, colourful and decorative style. Although synthetic cubist images appear
more abstract in their use of simplified forms, the other elements of their composition
are applied quite traditionally. Interchanging lines, colours, patterns and textures, that
switch from geometric to freehand, dark to light, positive to negative and plain to
patterned, advance and recede in rhythms across the picture plain.

8. CUBISM is an overwhelmingly intellectual art, a fact that is immediately
obvious when you look at it. It has to be intellectual, because it’s certainly not an art
overly concerned with beauty or pleasure or aesthetics as we traditionally understand
them. What is not immediately obvious is the wit of Cubism.
The Renaissance said that a painting provides a glimpse into a three-
dimensional world, looking through a frame as if through a window, but Braque and
Picasso said no, a painting is pigment on canvas. There is no other world.
There is only a flat surface contrived by the artist to give the illusion of space
and depth. The artist is under no obligation to make the world of canvas resemble
our world–he or she can take apart the world and reassemble it anyway he or she likes.
Depth, shading, perspective–they’re all just game, and the artist can play by any rules
he or she likes. It’s not real.
During the two artists' time of collaboration from 1907 and ending with the
First World War, their styles intermingled and they painted the same subjects, making
their works at times closely resemble each other.

9. Pablo Picasso (1881- 1973)
Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor,
printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the
greatest and most influential artists of the 20th
century.
He is widely known for co-founding the
Cubist movement, the invention of constructed
sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide
variety of styles that he helped develop and explore.
Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting
in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence; during the first decade of
the 20th century his style changed as he experimented with different theories,
techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary artistic accomplishments brought him
universal renown and immense fortune, making him one of the best-known figures in
20th century art.
Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist “Les Demoiselles
d'Avignon” (1907), and “Guernica “(1937), a portrayal of the German bombing of
Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

10. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon,
and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon)
A large oil painting of 1907 by the Spanish artist Picasso.
The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a
brothel on Carrer d'Avinyó (Avinyó Street) in Barcelona.
Each figure is depicted in a disconcerting confrontational
manner and none are conventionally feminine. The
women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with
angular and disjointed body shapes. Two are shown with
African mask-like faces and three more with faces in the
Iberian style of Picasso's native Spain, giving them a
savage aura.
Picasso was unconsciously influenced by African and
Tribal Art several months before completing this painting.
Guernica
It was created in response to the bombing of
Guernica, Basque Country, by German and
Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish
Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during
the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Republican
government commissioned Picasso to create
a large mural for the Spanish display at the
Paris International Exposition at the 1937
World's Fair in Paris.

11. Georges Braque (1882-1963)
Braque was a major 20th century French painter and
sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art style
known as Cubism.
Braque's paintings of 1908–1913 reflected his new
interest in geometry and simultaneous perspective. He conducted
an intense study of the effects of light and perspective and the
technical means that painters use to represent these effects, seeming to question the
most standard of artistic conventions. In his village scenes, for example, Braque frequently
reduced an architectural structure to a geometric form approximating a cube, yet
rendered its shading so that it looked both flat and three-dimensional by fragmenting
the image. He showed this in the painting "House at L'estaque".
Beginning during 1909, Braque began to work closely with Pablo Picasso, who
had been developing a similar style of painting. At the time Pablo Picasso was influenced
by Gauguin, Cézanne, African tribal masks and Iberian sculpture, while Braque was
interested mainly in developing Cézanne's ideas of multiple perspectives.

12. Georges Braque. House at L'estaque. 1908 Braque, Georges (1882-1963)
Oil on Canvas Violin and Candlestick. 1910
Kunst Museum, Berne