Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, starting World War II in Europe. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin, dividing Poland between them. The United States initially remained neutral but increasingly aided the Allies through acts like Lend-Lease. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, bringing the U.S. into the war. The U.S. and Allies fought major battles across Europe and the Pacific, gradually turning the tide against Germany and Japan. The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9th, leading Japan to surrender and end World War II.
1. WWII BEGINS
IN EUROPE
•SEPT. 1, 1939, GERMANY
INVADES POLAND…..
•THIS BEGINS WWII…
•GREAT BRITAIN AND
FRANCE DECLARE WAR
ON GERMANY!
2. •If Hitler had to fight the British and French he did not want to
fight the Soviets, too.
•Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide
Poland.
3. ALLIES AXIS
THE BIG THREE
WINSTON CHURCHILL—Great Britain
FDR---U.S.
JOSEPH STALIN---Soviet Union
•Relationship between the Big Three was
“shaky” to say the least…..
•“The enemy of my enemy, is my friend”
BENITO MUSSOLINI
ADOLF HITLER
HIDEKI TOJO
4. •Hitler’s “blitzkrieg”
military tactics made
his armies near
impossible to stop.
•GERMAN MILITARY
TACTICS OR
“LIGHTING WAR”
•The key to blitzkrieg
is … SURPRISE and
overwhelming
numbers
5. •Hitler crushes France
in June 1940
•Hitler’s last enemy was Great
Britain.
•Hitler wanted to gain air
supremacy.
•Battle of Britain, largest air
battle ever fought in the history of
warfare.
•July to November 1940 and was
won by the Royal Air Force (RAF
or British Air Force).
•****First major German loss in
WWII and forced Hitler to change
his strategy
•British people fought for their
country and a possible Nazi
invasion (Operation Sea Lion).
Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of
Great Britain.
The “Lion of England”
15. •Americans wanted to
remain neutral.
•America First
Committee
•Committee to Defend
America by Aiding the
Allies
•Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany
is defeating England &
France, should the U.S.
declare war on Germany and
send our Army and Navy to
Europe to fight against
Hitler?
Yes: 23% No 77%
16. •U.S. declares neutrality at onset
•FDR and Churchill meet in Atlantic for “ATLANTIC CHARTER” to
make sure we are planning on how to help ALLIED powers
•Neutrality Act 1939
• warring nations buy weapons from US
if paid cash and carried on own ships
• Lend-Lease Act
• US lend or lease arms to nations
considered vital to US defense
17. • Export Control Act
• FDR power to restrict sale of strategic
war materials
• FDR threatens to freeze Japanese
assets in US and reduce amount of
oil shipped to Japan
• Japan responds
• attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941
19. •Pearl Harbor, on the Island of
O'ahu, Hawaii, (then a territory of
the United States) was attacked
by the Japanese Imperial Navy, at
approximately 8:00 A.M., Sunday
morning,
•December 7, 1941.
•The surprise attack had been
conceived by Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto.
•The striking force of 353
Japanese aircraft was led by
Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.
•There had been no formal
declaration of war.
Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto
Captain Mitsuo
Fuchida
20.
21.
22.
23. Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that
morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and
various support ships.
**USS Arizona (BB39) Battleship
USS West Virginia (BB48) Battleship
USS California (BB44) Battleship
USS Oklahoma (BB37) Battleship
USS Nevada (BB36) Battleship
USS Pennsylvania (BB38) Battleship
USS Tennessee (BB43) Battleship
USS Maryland (BB46) Battleship
USS Vestal (AR4) Repair ship
USS Neosho (AO23) Oiler
USS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiser
USS Raleigh (CL7) Light cruiser
USS Utah (AG16) Target Ship
USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane Tender
24. •After FDR’s Day
of Infamy speech
asking for a
declaration of
war against
Japan, Congress
approved the
declaration….
•FDR signed the
declaration of
war against
Japan on Dec. 8,
1941 (Day after
attack)
25.
26.
27. • Country challenged to convert to war-time production so
automobile factories were used because they were best suited
for producing war-time equipment
( jeeps, tanks, artillery, rifles, etc.)
Entire nation contributed to efforts
• rationing of certain products
• recycling any product that could be used
•Buying BOND$
•Enlistment of men and women
•women went to work in factories…
•Rosie the Riveter symbolized their efforts
28.
29. Rosie the
Riveter
•Women manned
the factories
while the men
went off to fight.
•This helped lay
the foundation for
women’s rights in
the work world
and helped us win
the war…..
39. • War Dept. given
authority to declare any
part of U.S. a military
zone and remove
anyone from zone
• West Coast declared
military zone
• all people of
Japanese ancestry
placed into
internment
camps
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. •1944 Supreme
Court case,
Korematsu vs.
U.S., affirmed the
constitutionality
of this terrible
act.
•It took more
than 40 years
later before the
USA admitted
fault and began
to make $20,000
reparations to
camp survivors
56. was the forcible transfer of 55
miles by the Imperial
Japanese Army of 12,000
American prisoners of war
after the Battle of Bataan in
the Philippines during World
War II.
Only 7,000 survived
No food, water or rights
were given to POWS
resulting in even more
anger towards Japanese
61. TURNING
POINT
BATTLES
1944
•Battle of Leyete
Gulf, recaptured
the Philippines
1945
•Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
•Put the US 500
miles from
mainland Japan
•Began bombing
mainland Japan
68. The Tuskegee
Airmen
1st African-American military
aviators in the United States
armed forces.
Served mostly in
Italy/European Theatre
During World War II, African Americans
in many U.S. states were still subject to
the Jim Crow laws and the American
military was racially segregated.
The Tuskegee Airmen were subjected
to racial discrimination, both within and
outside the army
Vernon
Baker,
awarded the
Medal of Honor
in 1997 for
actions during
World War II
73. In 1944,
journalist Ernie Pyle wrote,
“It seems to me a miracle
that we ever took the beach at all.”
74. Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for
D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
US General Dwight Eisenhower was chosen by the
Big 3 at the Tehran Conference (Nov. 28-Dec. 1,
1943) as the Supreme Allied Commander and was
responsible for the D-Day Invasion.
75.
76. D-Day=the decision day…Stalin’s 2nd front….Largest military
invasion in world history to defeat Hitler.
The 5000-vessel armada stretched as far as the eye could
see, transporting over 150,000 men and nearly 30,000
vehicles across the channel to the French beaches.
Six parachute regiments -- over 13,000 men -- were flown
from nine British airfields in over 800 planes.
More than 300 planes dropped 13,000 bombs over coastal
Normandy immediately in advance of the invasion.
War planners had projected that 5,000 tons of gasoline would
be needed daily for the first 20 days after the initial assault.
By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were
dead or wounded, but more than 100,000 had made it ashore,
securing French coastal villages.
Within weeks, supplies were being unloaded at UTAH and
OMAHA beachheads at the rate of over 20,000 tons per day.
96. FDR dies in
Warm Springs,
Georgia on April
12, 1945
Mussolini is
executed by his
own people on
April 28, 1945
Hitler realizing that
Berlin was about to
fall, married his
mistress, Eva Braun
and both commit
suicide on April 30,
1945.
97. A saddened
nation mourns
the passing of
their President….
April 12, 1945
98. •President Franklin
Roosevelt was in Warm
Springs, Georgia when
he passed away on April
12, 1945.
•Vice President Truman
was in Washington, DC
when the news of his
death arrived.
•Truman was quickly
sworn as President.
99.
100. A joint Allied Project consisting of
Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to
build an atomic bomb.
Started in 1940…..
By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.
1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
One would be set off in New Mexico
successfully.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105. Arguments for use
Japanese refused to
surrender.
Estimated an invasion
similar to D-Day was needed
to end war.
Estimated Japan’s empire
would last 2 years.
Estimated Allied casualties
at 1 million or more men
with huge Japanese losses.
Japanese leadership was
told of the destructive
power of the bomb
Offered a period to
surrender but declined.
Arguments opposed
Atomic bombs were untested
and their destruction
unknown
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
were not major military
targets.
Those killed in the attacks
would be Japanese civilians.
Radiation poisoning would
have negative effects on the
population.
Nuclear weapons would set
a precedent that using
weapons of mass
destruction was allowable in
war
106. Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese
people the destructive power the bomb and to evacuate the cities.
107. Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese
people the bomb and the translation in English
In the next few days the military
which has enslaved the Japanese people.
The peace which America will bring will
free the people from the oppression of the
military clique and mean the emergence of
a new and better Japan. You can restore
installations in some or all of the cities
named on the photograph will destroyed
by American bombs. These cities contain
military installations and workshops or
factories which produce military goods.
The peace American by demanding Air Force, new which and does good
not
wish to injure innocent people, now gives
you warning to evacuate the cities named
leaders who will end the war. We cannot
promise that only these cities will be
among and those save your attacked, lives. but America some or is not
all will
be, fighting so heed the this Japanese warning people and evacuate
But is
fighting the military clique (govt. leaders)
these cities immediately.
108. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
70,000 killed
immediately
48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
100,000s died of
radiation
poisoning &
cancer later.
109. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
40,000 killed
immediately
60,000 injured.
100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
