https://econ.biem.sumdu.edu.ua/

1. Subject and
method of
statistics. Main
categories of
statistical science
Department of Economics,
Entrepreneurship and Business
Administration
https://econ.biem.sumdu.edu.ua/

2. Meanings
statistics as a purposeful practical activity of
systematic and systematic collection, processing,
processing and dissemination of data on social
phenomena and processes;
statistics as numerical data that comprehensively
characterize various aspects of the development
of society;
statistics as a social science and, accordingly, a
professional academic discipline.
In modern conditions, the term "statistics" has three
meanings:

3. Statistics, like any other field of
knowledge, has developed specific
categories, i.e. conceptual notions
These categories include:
1) statistical aggregate - a sufficiently large number of elements or
phenomena of social life, which are combined by certain connections
and have both common and individual features or properties;
2) unit of the aggregate - a separate element or phenomenon that,
together with others, forms a statistical aggregate;
3) attribute - a property, characteristic feature or peculiarity of a unit of
a population that can be observed and measured (evaluated).

4. The signs are
divided into:
qualitative
quantitative
attributive
Statistics, like any other field of knowledge, has
developed specific categories, i.e. conceptual
notions. These categories include:
a statistical aggregate is a sufficiently large number of elements or
phenomena of social life that are connected by certain links and have
both common and individual features or properties;
unit of the aggregate - a separate element or phenomenon that,
together with others, forms a statistical aggregate;
attribute - a property, characteristic feature or peculiarity of a unit of a
population that can be observed and measured (evaluated).
variation - fluctuations, variability or diversity of values of a feature in
individual units of a statistical population. The features that are
characterized by variation are called varying features, and a separate
value of such a feature is called a variant;
a statistical indicator is a quantitative characteristic of a phenomenon or
process in combination with its qualitative definition (economic content);
statistical regularity is a certain sequence or repetition of socio-economic
phenomena, which is formed and clearly manifested in mass processes,
when studying a sufficiently large number of units of the population. It is
proved that in any complex large system in which many elements
interact, laws are manifested only in the form of statistical regularities.

5. patterns of change over time (patterns of
dynamics);
patterns of distribution of units of the population by a
certain characteristic;
patterns of change in the composition and structure
of the population (structural shifts);
patterns of interconnection.
There are the following types of statistical
patterns:
In statistical terms, the law of large numbers can be formulated as follows: in a mass of individual observations,
a general statistical pattern is more complete and clear the more units of the population are covered by the
observation.

6. Thank you for your
attention!