Photosynthesis
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class 12 Biology based on Maharashtra board, CBSE and ICSE board. for more ppt and material go to my blogsite- www.akchem.blogspot.com
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Photosynthesis
- 5. Yeh cell ke andar hona wala process hai jisme cell simple subs ko combine karke large molecular banata hai and glucose prepared hota hai by using CO2, H2O in presence of light and chlorophyll aur result me O2 byproduct milta hai.
- 6. Oxidation + Reduction = Redoxreaction
- 11. Early Experiment
- 20. Plant are green. leaf Young stem fruit Calyx
- 21. Mesophyll Most common green leaf
- 22. Spongy
- 23. chloroplast
- 24. Lens shape Thickness 40-600A/ 4-6 nm. length 4 -6µm width 1-2 µm
- 27. Ribosome
- 33. Pigments- colour material present in plant cell.
- 37. Yeh pani ke saath soluble nahi hota lekin organic solvent ke saath hojata hai like hexane,methan, ethanol etc
- 45. Note-Carotonoid bhi water insoluble but solvent ke saath soluble hai.
- 46. Absorb Blue- Violet region
- 48. TYPE
- 50. Nature of light Action Spectrum
- 51. influence
- 57. Absorption Spectrum Graph Action Spectrum Graph Absorption spectrum of Chlorophyll a and action Spectrum of photosynthesis Coincide. Chlorophyll a shows Max photosynthetic activity
- 59. Chlorophyll-a and b have similar Molecular Structure. Only the difference between CH3 and CHO.
- 60. Typical chlorophyll molecule Kite like Polar hydrophilic Lipophilic Porphyrin head Phytol tail Shape-Rhomboid 4 pyrole ring Central non ionic Mg atom
- 62. Role of Pigments i.e. Essential and Accessory
- 63. It can absorb and convert light energy into chemical energy
- 64. Chl-a Photo excitation of Chlorophyll-a Ground State e- light Chl-a e- Excited Chl-a e- ionized Ionized in 10-9sec Accepter-1 Accepter-1NADPH2 Non cyclic photo phosphorylation Cyclic photo phosphorylation ATP ATP ATP
- 66. Accessory pigments broaden the absorption Spectrum by harvesting light from regions different then that of chl-a. Protect chl-a by oxidation
- 67. Role of Pigments Pigment systems or photo system
- 72. Core complex Light harvesting + core complex = Antenna complex or accessory pigment.
- 73. Electron carrier
- 74. Few Chl-b 50 Carotenoids Chl-a P 650 Chl-a P 673 Chl-a P 680 Chl-a P 700 Reaction centre(R.C.) for PS ll Reaction centre(R.C.) for PS ll
- 82. Dark or light independent Light dependent Divide into 2 phase
- 84. Light Reaction or light Dependent Reaction
- 85. ADP to ATP Inorganic phosphate Light Energy Adenosine triphosphate Energy from photoexcitation of reaction Centre photophosphorylation
- 88. Light Dependent reaction in plants Non cyclic photophosphorylati on/ Z-scheme Cyclic photophosphorylati on
- 90. Non cyclic photophosphorylati on/ Z-scheme Co.Q 4e- Pq 4e- 4e- Cyt.b6 4e- Cyt.f 4e- Pc ADP + iP ATP 700 4e- 4e- FRS 4e- FD 4e- 2NADP-2 2NADP 4e- Mn,Ca,Cl Assimilatory power 2NADPH2
- 91. Non cyclic photophosphorylation/ Z-scheme Occurs in all O2 evolving Autotrophs
- 92. Light Dependent Reaction Cyclic Photophosphorylation
- 93. cyclic photophosphorylation 700 e- FRS e- FD e- Cyt.b6 e- Cyt.f e- Pc ADP + iP ATP e- ADP + iP ATP
- 94. LOW Electron from FD come back to PS-1.
- 100. + 2- + + + ++ + +
- 101. + 2- + + + ++ + ++ + ADP + iP ATP ADP + iP ATP NADPH2
- 103. Do not require direct light or Darkness Light independent reaction
- 110. O2 ATP NADPH
- 114. I Carboxylation
- 115. I Carboxylation 6CO2 6 RuBP (5C) 6 Unstable keto acid(6C) Mg+ RUBISCO 12 3PGA(3C) Mg++ C3 Cycle 12ATP 12ADP 12 1,3 di PGA(3C) 12 3PGA(3C) Fructose 1,6 di phosphate(6C) Glycolytic reversal
- 117. C3 Plants
- 119. High need CO2 for Carboxylase
- 122. RUBISCO 2 RUDP make 3 PGA instead of 4 as in C3. From 2 glycine molecule 1 carbon(25%) is lost as CO2 and 3 carbon(75%) are recovered as PGA.
- 124. C4 plants and Kranz Anatomy
- 127. 1965 Alternative method for CO2 fixation in sugarcane C.R. Slack 1970 Outlined the entire series of reaction. Called C4 pathway or HSK pathway. (Hatch and Slack pathway)
- 128. Kranz anatomy Kranz derived from German- Necklace or wreath(decoration)
- 129. Mesophyll-the inner tissue of a leaf, containing many chloroplasts. pallisade Spongy
- 130. No palisade and No spongy Homogenous mesophyll Small granal chloroplast with PEP Carboxylase and less stroma More No. Bundle sheath Cell Around Vascular Bundles Bigger Agranal Chloroplast with RUBISCO and Only stroma Less in No. Dimorphic Chloroplast
- 132. C4 Pathway
- 138. Night time stomata open Day time Stomata closed Initial CO2 fixation at night final CO2 fixation at C3 cycle during day To check Water Loss
- 141. Independence of light and Dark reactions Significance of photosynthesis
- 142. interdependent
- 143. Photosynthesis process Manufacture food for all living organism, oxygen, Balance CO2 and O2.also O3.
- 145. Plant which dies turns into fossile fuel. Photosynthesis process ki waja se hi hame timber matlab lakdi milti hai furniture etc ke liye.cotton milta hai Economical important product in plant-
- 146. Alkaloid which are important in medicine
- 147. Use in food spices
- 148. Food Masala, tea and mahendi
- 149. Factor affecting rate of photosynthesis
- 152. Size, No. of leaf (quantity) and orientation (shape) and age of leaf(old or new) affect photosynthesis process. More the this more is the photosynthesis process.
- 153. Amount of chlorophyll in Cell is more photosynthesis process is more. Agar food ka transformation fast hoga to process bhi fast hoga.
- 159. All Environmental factors simultaneously affect photosynthesis