1. Three branches of government
• Definition of public administration: public administration is a detailed and
systematic application of law.
Important characteristic of public administration:-
a) It is a part of executive branch of government.
b) It is related with the activities of the state.
Nature of public administration:-
a) The managerial view and
b) The integral view.
Scope of public administration:-
1) Narrow perspective or POSTCORB perspective.
2) Broad perspective or subject matter view
3) Prevailing view
2. Narrow perspective or POSTCORB perspective
1) ‘P’ stands for ‘Planning’
2) ‘O’ stands for ‘Organization’
3) ‘S’ stands for ‘Staffing’
4) ‘D’ stands for ‘Directing’
5) ‘Co’ stands for ‘Co-ordination’
6) ‘R’ stands for ‘Reporting’
7) ‘B’ stands for ‘Budgeting’
Prevailing view: It is divided two parts:-
1) Administrative theory and
2) Applied administrative
3. Administrative theory: It includes following aspects-
1) Organizational theory
2) Behavior theory
3) Public personal administration
Classical theory: Classical theory means which is approved formality
and strict rules. Its functions and economic demand of workers. It maintain
autocratic management and strict rules. Its emphasize discipline and
rationality.
Classical theory define 14 principles of Henry Fayol, 5 principles of Frederic
Taylor and bureaucratic theory of Max-weber.
4. 14 Principles of Fayol are:
1) Division of work
2) Authority and Responsibility
3) Discipline
4) Unity of command
5) Unity of Direction
6) Subordination of individual
interest
7) Remuneration
8)The Degree of centralization
9)Scaler chain
10)Order
11)Equity
12)Stability
13)Initiative
14)Esprit de corps
5. 5 principles of scientific management: propounded
by Taylor
1) Science, not rule of thumb
2) Harmony, not Discord
3) Mental Revolution
4) Co-operation, not individualism
5) Development each or every person to his greatest efficiency and prosperity
Neoclassical theory:
Definition:- The Neoclassical theory is the extendent version of the classical theory
where in the behavioral science gets included into the management. According the
theory, the organization is the social system, and its performance does get affected
by the human actions.
6. Points of distribution Classical Approach Neo-classical approach
Focus Functions and economic demand of
workers
Emotion and human qualities of
workers
Structure Impersonal and mechanistic Social system
Application Autocratic management and strict
rules
Democratic process
Emphasize Discipline and rationality Personal security and social demand
Goal of worker Maximum remuneration and reward Attainment of organization goal
Concept about men Economic being Social being
Relation Formal Informal
Difference between classical and Neoclassical theory
7. Hawthorn experiment
“The Hawthorn effect”
The hawthorn effect is named after what was one of the most famous experiments
or, more, accurately, series of experiments in industrial theory. It marked a sea
change in thinking about work and productivity.
4 phases of Hawthorn experiments-
1) Illumination
2) Relay assembly test room experiment
3) Mass interviewing programme
4) Bank wiring observation room experiment
The experiment to explain two stage
1) Control group and
2) Experiment group
8. Modern Theory
• Definition: Modern theory is an organization combine process. This is the
interdisciplinary study of systems. A system is a cohesive conglomeration of
interrelated and independent part that is either natural or man-made. All type of
process is situated at the organization input from the output.
Types of system:
1) Closed system
2) Open system
3) Sub system
Theory of organizational behavior
1) Trait theory
2) Behavioral theory
3) Leader- member exchange theory
4) Charismatic leadership theory
5) Transitional / Transformation
9. Decision making
According to Trewartha and Newport, “Decision making involves the selection of a
courses of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at
a solution a given problem.
Two types of decision making: –
1) Rational Decision
2) Bounded Rationality
Motivation process
Theory ‘X’: This assumes that employees one naturally unmotivated and dislike
working, and this ensure ages an authoritarian style of management.
Theory ‘Y’: This expands a participative style of management that is de-
centralized. It assumes that employees are happy to work, self motivated and
creative and enjoy working with greater responsibility.
10. Public personal administrative
Bangladesh needs a civil service of high quality for mobilizing and utilizing it’s domestic
resources. In Bangladesh thousands of civil servants are recruitment in various cadres every
year.
BCS selection process:-
Activities of the PSC
Publication of results list of selected candidates sent to
MOPA recommendation for appointment
Medical examination
Activities MOPA Public Verification
Final Appointment
Preliminary Test
Written Test
Viva Voce
Merit List
Screening the application form
