3. OBJECTIVES
1.. To preview the virological properties and
classification bases of the viral members of
Herpesviridae.
2..To list the range of human diseases caused by the
two types of Herpes simplex viruses.
3..To list the range of diagnostic methods to
differentiate between these two Herpes viral types.
4..To outline the control measures against Herpes
simplex viruses.
13. Some HHVs=
Associated with Tumors and
Carcinomas
HSV-2 Cervical Carcinoma
CMV COLONIC CARCINOMA
PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
CERVICAL CARCINOMA
EBV Burkitt's lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma in HIV.
14. Replication Cycle of Herpes Viruses
in General
1- Attachment =
Cellular Receptors = Heparan Sulphate
2- Fusion
3- Uncoating Release of viral DNA
4- Transcription of Alpha genes Alpha –proteins
(Cellular Preparation)
5-Transcription Beta genes Beta- proteins =
(ENZYMES).
6- Viral DNA replication Viral DNA .
7- Transcription Gamma genes Gamma – proteins=
= Structural Proteins= Empty Capsids
Immediate early
Early
Late
15. Replication cycle(Continued…)
8- Packaging= DNA into capsids .
10- Accumulation of viral glycoproteins on
the nuclear membrane .
11- Get Envelope from nuclear membrane
.
12- VIRUSES GO OUT THE CELL
through {Endoplasmic Reticulum}
16.
17.
18. Herpes simplex viruses
Background:
Ubiquitous, host-adapted pathogens that
cause a wide variety of disease states.
Two types exist: Both are closely related
but differ in epidemiology.
The term herpes is derived from the Greek
word “to creep or crawl”
Dates back to early Greek civilization,
approximately 2000 years ago, in reference to
the spreading nature of herpetic skin lesions.
مكان كل في موجودة
21. Latent infections for both herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. Primary
infections occur in childhood or adolescence, followed by establishment of latent
virus in the cerebral or spinal ganglia. Later activation causes recurrent herpes
simplex or zoster. Recurrences are rare for zoster.
CMI=Cell-Mediated Immunity.
23. CLINICAL BASES: According To
Anatomical Land mark of Waist ???
LESIONS ABOVE WAIST=TYPE 1
LESIONS BELOW WAIST=TYPE 2
Waist
HSV 1
HSV 2
1
24. HSV-1 is traditionally associated
with orofacial disease, whereas
HSV-2 is traditionally associated
with genital disease.
Lesion location, however, is not
necessarily indicative of viral
type, as HSV-1 is associated with
genital infections more often
than HSV-2 in some unique
subpopulations.
25. Egg inoculation= Pocks size.
DNA Finger Printing=
فايروسات من نوع لكل النووي الحمض بصمة
• Different Bands Size of The Two Types of HSV-
DNA = by doing Restriction Enzymes analysis.
Different Serological Reactions
No Histopathological discrimination.
No CELL CULTURE discrimination
No ELECTROM MICROSCOPICAL discrimination
5
2
3
4
6
7
ال بسبب مهمة ليست dna homology
26. In dermatopathology, the Tzanck test, also Tzanck smear,
is scraping of an ulcer base to look for Tzanck cells. It is
sometimes also called the chickenpox skin test and the
herpes skin test. Tzanck cells (acantholytic cells) are found
in: Herpes simplex. Varicella and herpes zoster.
27. Four herpesviruses: HSV types 1 and 2, VZV, and CMV induce
the formation of multinucleated giant cells, which can be seen
microscopically in the lesions.
28. The importance of giant cells is best illustrated by the Tzanck smear, which reveals
multinucleated giant cells in a smear taken from the painful vesicles . Arrow
points to a multinucleated giant cell with approximately eight nuclei
36. Eczema Herpeticum
A rare but Severe Cutaneous Herpes infection at sites of skin
, long term usage
burns
,
atopic dermatitis
by=
damage produced
eczema
or
topical steroids
of
40. Herpetic
whitlow
Painful, coalescing
vesicles with
surrounding erythema on
fingers
history revealed that the patient regularly bit his nails.
Positive results on direct fluorescent antibody tests and
viral cultures from digital lesions confirmed type 1 HSV
infection
41. 5
Encephalitis :
HSV 1
*Most common cause of sporadic fatal
encephalitis .
** Usually affecting one brain hemisphere in
relation to the side of the affected ganglion
with the latent HSV infection
44. Severe infections in immunocompromized pts.
• HSV1+2
• Spread to respiratory esophageal
intestinal tissue & other organs .
•Most cases=
Reactivated
Infections.
7
45. Lab. Diagnosis
1- Isolation & identification.
2-Typing of HSV-Antigens & Nucleic
acid by:
A - Monoclonal Abs B- Restriction
Enzymes analysis.
3- DNA detection (PCR and ISH)
4- Serology ( IgM IgG Specific for
HSV 1&2 )
46. Immunity HSV 1 & 2
• Passively from the mother to baby ( 1st 6 m).
• Primary infection ( 6m – 2 years )
• Anti HSV 1 Abs = child hood & until adolescents
• Anti HSV 2 Abs = during adolescence & sexual
activity
• Abs Do not prevent re-infection
or reactivation ::::::: but modify infection .
• Cell Mediated Immunity Control
infection, re-infection & reactivation
Geting IgG
47. Prevention of HSV-1 or HSV-2 :
2…Chemoprophylaxis: Valacyclovir and Famciclovir
A… Suppression of recurrent lesions+ frequency of
recurrences
B…. Reduces shedding of the virus + transmission
3… Operations:
- Cesarean section: For women, at term, have genital lesions or positive
viral cultures
- Circumcision: reduces the risk of infection by HSV-2
1…Avoiding contact:
with the vesicular lesion or ulcer
Still, No Approved Vaccines against
HSV-1 or HSV-2
48. Treatment of HSV-1 or HSV-2 ::
1. Acyclovir
2. Valacyclovir
3. Vidarabine
Effective against HSV
Inhibitors of l DNA synthesis.
Suppress clinical manifestations
Shorten healing time
Reduce recurrences of genital herpes.
No effects on latent HSV in sensory ganglia.
49. THE SUMMARY
1.. Some Herpes viruses have carcinogenic
potential in a range of human cancers.
2.. Herpes simplex 1&2 viruses associated
with a range of human diseases that are
difficult on clinical bases being clearly
attributed to a specific type of them.
3..A list of diagnostic facilities can
differentiate between these two Herpes
simplex types.
