2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• What is Bio-medical waste
• Classification
• Generation
• Causes
• Management
• Treatment and disposal
3. INTRODUCTION
• Medical care – vital in our life and health
• Bio-medical waste – emerged as issue of concern world over
• Bio-medical waste is a problem for Man , Community and
Environment
• Safe scientifics cost effective methods for Bio-medical waste (BMW)
management need of hour
4. WHAT IS BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (BMW) ?
• Waste generate during diagnosis, testing, treatment,
research or production of biological products for humans or
for animals.
• Biomedical waste/ Hospital waste is any kind of waste
containing infections (or potential infections) materials.
• It may also include waste associated with the generation of
biomedical waste that visually appears to be of medical or
laboratory origin.
• Biomedical waste may be solid or liquid.
5. CLASSIFICATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Bio-medical waste
Non Hazardous
(75-90%)
Hazardous
(10-25%)
Infectious (15-18%)
• Non sharps
• Sharps
• Plastic Disposables
• Liquid wastes
Other Hazardous (5-7%)
• Radioactive waste
• Discarded Glass
• Pressurized Containers
• Chemical waste
• Cyttoxic waste
• Inteinerator waste
7. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE ?
“Bio-medical waste” means any waste , which is generated
during the daignosis , treatment or immunization of human
beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto
or in the production or testing of biological or in health
camps , it is also known as “Health Care Waste”.
8. 1.The wastes from hospitals , nursing homes , clinics
research laboratories , etc are Bio Medical Waste.
2.The bio medical waste which may be solid or liquid or
potential source of health hazard and need to specially
treated and disposed off.
3.Bio-medical waste may be infection or non-infection
waste. Infectious waste may transmit information
decreases waste is about 85%.
Generation
9. # THE EXAMPLES OF INFECTIOUS WASTE
ARE :-
Human Tissues Discarded Blood
• This type of
things are very
dangerous to
any lifeform.
10. Bandages & Dressings
Some examples of Laboratory Waste :-
Discarded Masks & Gloves
Syrings with Contaminated medicine
11. • The General Government , I 2016 published the Bio-
Medical Waste Management rules , 2016. These rules
apply to all persons who generate , collect receive , store ,
transport , treat , dispose or handle bio medical waste in
any form including hospitals , nursing homes , clinic ,
dispensaries , veterinary institutions , blood banks ,
clinical establishments , research or educational
institutions , health camps ,medical or surgical camps ,
vaccination camps , blood donation camps , first aid
rooms of school, forensic laboratories and research labs.
• Bio medical waste Poses Hazard due to two principal
reasons the first is “infectivity” and other “toxicity”.
12. • Indian Hospitals generate approximately 1.50 kg of bio
medical waste per patient per day.
• According to WHO report about 85% of the bio medical
waste are non hazardous 10% are infectious an about 5%
are non – infectious but hazardous
13. THE QUANTITY OF THE BIO MEDICAL WASTE
GENERATION I SOME COUNTRIES ATE GIVEN
BELOW :-
Country
• Usa
• Netherlands
• France
• India
Quantity of bio medical
waste (kg/day)
• 4.5
• 2.7
• 2.5
• 1.5
14. COUNTRIES WITH MOST NUMBERS OF
DOCTORS
• Qatar - 2.8 million
• Cuba - 11 million
• Norway - 5.4 million
• Germany – 8.3million
• In India there is over 1.2 million doctors.(These
reports were created In 2010 – 2020)
15.
16. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
“Management” includes all steps required to ensure that bio-
medical waste is managed in such a manner as to potect health and
Environment against any adverse effects due to handling of such
waste.
17. Various Steps in the Bio-medical waste
management are:
1. Segregation of waste
2. Collection
3. Storage
4. Transportation
5. Treatment
6. Disposal
18. 1.Segregration of Bio-medical waste:
Segregation refers to the basic separation of different categories of
waste generated at source and thereby reducing the risks as well as
cost of handling and disposal.
The BMWs must be segregated in accordance to guidelines laid
down under schedule 1 of BMW Rules, 2016.
19. The color coding and types of containers are as follows:
(I) Yellow bag: Humans anatomical
waste- body parts organs tissues,etc.
(ii) Red bag: Contaminated waste
(recyclable)- disposable items such as
tubing, bottels, intravenous tubes,etc.
(iii) White bag: waste with
sharps,needles,blades,etc. are
disposed in white translucent puncture
proof containers
(iv)Blue bag: Glassware- broken and
discarded glass,medicine vials,etc.
20. Labels for Bio-medical waste containers or Bags
(a) Bio Hazard Symbol (b) Cytotoxic Hazard Symbol
21. 2. Collection :
The collection of bio-medical waste involves use of different
types of containers from various sources of bio-medical waste
like Operation Theatre, laboratory,etc.
3. Storage:
Once collection occurs then bio-medical waste is stored in a
proper place.Segregated wastes of different categories need to be
collected in identifiable containers. Each container may be clearly
labeled to show the ward or romm where it is kept.
The bio-medical waste should not be stored for.more than 48
hours.
22. 4. Transportation:
The waste should be transported for treatment either in
trolley or in covered wheelbarrow. Manual loading should
be avoided as far as possible. Special vehicles must be used
to prevent acces to and direct contact with the public.
Vehicles for bio-medical waste
23. 5. Treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste:
The various methods used for disposing of the hazardous bio-
medical waste are:
1. Incineration
2. Plasma Pyrolysis or Gasification
3. Autoclaving
4. Microwaving
5. Deep burial
6. Chemical disinfection
7. Heat Sterilization
