Anatomy of the eyeball

1. ‫بسم ال الرحمن الرحيم‬
ANATOMY OF THE
EYEBALL
ALFASHER
OPHTHALMIC
HOSPETAL
By Dr Shawgi Adugory

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‫لنا إل ما علمتنا‬
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‫‪ANATOMY OF THE‬‬ ‫2‬
‫‪EYEBALL- dr Shawgi‬‬

3. • The eyeball is embeded in
orbital fat but it separated from
it by the fascial sheath of the
eyeball.
• The eyeball cosists of 3 coats
which from without inward,are
fibrous coat, the vasscular
bigmented coat &the nervous
coat. ANATOMY OF THE 3
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

4. ‫(قال تعالي‬
)
ANATOMY OF THE 4
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

5. The fibrous coat made up of a posterior opaque
part.the sclera & an anterior transpartent
part the cornea
The sclera
The opaque part is composed of dense fibrous
tissue & is white.
Posteriorly it is pierced by the optic nerve & is
fused with the dural sheath of that nerve.
The lamina cribrosa is area of sclera that is
pierced by the nerve fibers of the optic nerve.
the sclera is also pierced by the ciliary
arteties&nerves &their associated veins ,the
venae vorticosa.
The sclera is directly continuous in front with
the cornea at the corneoscleral junction or
ANATOMY OF THE 5
limbus. EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

6. • The cornea
• The transparent cornea is largely
responsible for the refraction of the light
entering the eye. It is contact posteriorly
with the aqueous humor
• Blood supply:-the cornea is avascular
&devoid of lymphatic drainge it is
nourished by diffusion from the aqueous
ANATOMY OF THE 6
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

7. • humor& from the capillaries at the edge.
• Innervated by long ciliary nerves from the
opthalmic diviation of the trigeminal
nerve.
ANATOMY OF THE 7
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

8. Vascular pigment coat
Consist from behind of the choroid, the
ciliary body & the iris
the choroid composed of an outer pigment
layer & an inner,highly vascular layer >>
the ciliary body is continuous posteriorly
with the choroid & anteriorly it lies behind
the peripheral margin of the iris ,it
composed of the ciliary ring the ciliary
processes &the ciliary muscle
ANATOMY OF THE 8
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

9. ANATOMY OF THE 9
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

10. ANATOMY OF THE 10
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

11. • The iris &pupil The iris is a thin,
contractile pigmented diaphragm with
central aperture ,the pupil is suspended in
the aqueous humor b/w the cornea &the
lens .the periphery of the iris is attached to
the anterior & a posterior chamber
ANATOMY OF THE 11
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

12. ANATOMY OF THE 12
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

13. The nervous coat
• Retina which consist of an outer
pigmented layer & an inner nervous layer
its outer surface is in contact with the
vitreous body,the posterior ¾ 0f the retina
is the receptor organ ,its anterior edge
forms a wavy ring the ora serata & the
nervous tissue end here. The anterior part
of the retina in nonreceptive &consist 0f
pigment cell with adeeper layer of
columnar epithelium ,this anterior part of
the retina covers the ciliary processes &
the back of the ANATOMY OF THE
iris 13
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

14. ANATOMY OF THE 14
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

15. • At the cener of the vposterior part of the
retina is an oval yellowish area , the
Macula lutea which is area of the retina for
the most distinct vision,it has central
depression the Fovea centralis .
• The optic nerve leaves the retina about
3mm to the medial side of the macula lutea
by the optic disc.the optic disc is slightly
depressed at its center .where it is pierced
by the central artery of the retina ,at the
optic disc is acomplete &is referred to as
the blind spot. ANATOMY OF THE 15
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

16. • The other part of the eyeball consist of
the refractive media, the aqueous humer
,the vitreous body &the lens.
the aqueous humer Is a clear fluid that fills
the anterior &posterior chambers of the
eyeball.
the vitreous body fills the eyeball behind
the lens & is a transparent gel.
the lens is a transparent, biconvex
structure enclosed in a transparent
ANATOMY OF THE 16
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

17. • capsule .it is situated behind
the iris & in frontof the vitreous
body &is encircled by the ciliary
processes.
ANATOMY OF THE 17
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

18. ANATOMY OF THE 18
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

19. Muscle of the
eyeball&eyelids
• ALFASHER
OPHTHALMIC
HOSPETAL
• By dr Shawgi Adugory
ANATOMY OF THE 19
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

20. ANATOMY OF THE 20
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

21. ANATOMY OF THE 21
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

22. ANATOMY OF THE 22
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

23. External muscle of the
eyeball
(striated skeletal muscle)
• Superior rectus Origin posterior ring of
orbital cavity insertion superior surface of
eyeball just posterior to limbus . innervated by
oculomotor nerve its action raises cornea up
ward & medialy
• inferior rectus Origin posterior wall of
the orbital cavity insertion inferior
surface of the eyeball just posterior
to limbus innervated by 3rd CN its action
depresses cornea down ward &
medially
ANATOMY OF THE 23
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

24. • Medial rectus Origin posterior wall of the
orbital cavity insertion medial surface of the
eyeball just posterior to limbus innervated by 3rd
CN its action rotate eyeball so that cornea looks
medially .
• Lateral rectus Origin posterior wall of
orbital cavity insertion lateral surface of eyeball
just posterior to limbus innervated by 6th CN its
action rotate eyeball so the cornea looks
laterally
ANATOMY OF THE 24
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

25. • Superior oblique Origin posterior wall of
orbital cavity insertion pass through the bulley &
attached to superior surface of eye ball beneath
superior rectus innervated by 4thCN its action rotate the eyeball
so the cornea looks
down ward & laterally .
• Inferior oblique Origin floor of the orbital
cavity insertion lateral surface of eyeball
beneath the superior rectus innervated by
3rdCN its action rotate the eyeball so the
cornea looks up ward & laterally .
ANATOMY OF THE 25
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

26. ANATOMY OF THE 26
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

27. Internisic muscle of the
eyeball
(smooth muscle)
• Sphinctor pupille of the iris
innervated by parasympathetic via
3rdCN&its action constericts pupil
• Dilator pupille of the iris
innervated by sympathetic&its action
dilated pupil
• Ciliary muscle innervated by
parasympathetic via 3rdCN&its action
controls shape of lens; in accommodation
makes lens more globular
ANATOMY OF THE 27
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

28. Muscle of the eyelids
• Orbicularis oculi contains 2 parts
palpebral part &orbital part both originate
from medial palpebral ligament &also both
innervated bt 7thCN ,the palpebral part
inserted into lateral palpebral raphe & its
action closes eyelids dilated lacrimal sac
while the orbital part inserted into loops
return to origin& its action throws skin
around orbit into folds to protect eyeball.
ANATOMY OF THE 28
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

29. • Levator palpebrea superioris
• Originated from back of the orbital cavity
inserted into anterior surface &margin of
superior tarsal plate innervated by the
striated musle by 3rdCN ;smooth muscle
sympathetic &its action raises upper lid
ANATOMY OF THE 29
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

30. Crenial Nerves ass
of the eyeball
optic
• The 2ndCN optic nerve consist of
nerve, optic chiasms ,optic
tract ,lateral geniculate body
&thenoptic radiations
• Fiber from retina converge at the optic
disk & pass bachward as the optic nerve
• fibres from the nasal half of each retina
decussate at the optic chiasma while fibre
from the temporal half remain on the same
side ANATOMY OF THE 30
• . EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

31. ANATOMY OF THE 31
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

32. ANATOMY OF THE 32
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

33. • The optic tract , thus formed ,contain
fibers from the temporal half of the retina
of the same side & the nasal half of the
retina of the oppsite side The fiber of the
optic tract go to the latral geniculate body
& then pass through the posterior limb of
the internal capsule as the optic radiations
. One group of optic radiation passes
through the temporal lobe & other group
through the parietal lobe.
ANATOMY OF THE 33
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

34. • finally the are projected to the
calcarine sulcus (visual area)of
the occipital lobe.The fiber
concerned with the light reflex
don’t relay in the geniculate
body & go to the superior
calculi ; pretectal area of the
midbrain & then 3rdCN nuclei of
both sides. ANATOMY OF THE 34
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

35. • Examination for 1-visual acuity (each
eye examin separately the near vision is
chucked by reading book & far vision with
help of Snellen chart.
• 2-field of vision using Bjerrum’s screen
(central vision)& the perineter (peripheral
vision) if these are not available tested by
confrontation method.
• 3- color of vision is checked by using of
Ishihara charts.
• 4-fundus by fundoscopy.
ANATOMY OF THE 35
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

36. • Lesions
• Optic nerve lesion complete loss of vision
on the affected side,
• Optic chiasma *** involving crossed fibers
>>> bitemporal hemianopia .*** involving
uncrossed fibers >>> binasal hemianopia.
• Optic tract ***left optic tract involved >>>
left homonymous hemianopia (loss of left
halves of visual fields of both side.)***right
optic tract involve >>>right hom0nymous
hemianopia. ANATOMY OF THE 36
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

37. • Optic radiation
• ***temporal optic radiation ;represent
upper quadrants 0f visual field &damage
will lead to superior qadrantanopia of the
oppsite side.
• ***parietal optic radiations ; represent
lower quadrant of visual field & its lesion
lead to inferior quadrantanopia of the
oppsite side.
ANATOMY OF THE 37
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

38. • The 3rdCN Oculomotor supplies all
extraocular muscles except superior
oblique &lateral rectus. in addition ,it also
contains parasympathetic fibers which
relay in the ciliarybganglion ;the post
ganglionic fibers supply ciliary muscles
&sphincter pupillae, the4thCN
Trochlear Supply superior oblique
muscle.
ANATOMY OF THE 38
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

39. • &the6thCN Abducent nerves supply lateral
rectus muscle
• The group of the external muscles of
eyeball (superior rectus ,inferior rectus
,medial rectus ,lateral rectus , superior
oblique &inferior oblique)&the one muscle
from the group of eyelid (levator palpebrae
superioris) make Extraocular muscles.
• The group of the internisic muscle of the
eyeball (ciliary muscle ,sphincter pupillae
ANATOMY OF THE 39
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

40. • &dilator pupillae)make Intraocular
muscles.
• lateral & medial recti move the eyeball
laterally(abduction)&medially (adduction)
Respectively
• In the midposition , superior rectus
&inferior oblique move the eyeball
upwards(elevation);& ,inferior rectus &
superior oblique move the eyeball
downwards(depression)
ANATOMY OF THE 40
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

41. • If the eyeball is moved laterally ,upwards &
downward movements are carried out by
the superior &inferior rectus respectively
• If the eyeball is moved medially ,upwards
&downward movements are carried out by
the inferior &superior oblique respectively
• oblique muscle move the eyeball in the
direction opposite to their name.
ANATOMY OF THE 41
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

42. . levator palpebrae superioris elevates the
upper eyelid.
• All The extraocular muscles are supplied
by the 3rdCN except superior oblique
which are supplied by the 4thCN & the
lateral rectus which is supplied by the
6thCN.
ANATOMY OF THE 42
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

43. Intraocular muscles these are ciliary
muscles , sphincter pupillae &dilater
pupillae .the ciliary muscle make circle to
which suspensory ligament attached , they
contract when near objects are focused
;the lens capsule relaxes &convexity of the
lens is increased .there are 2 muscles in
the iris ;concentric fibers or sphincter
pupillae constrict the pupil& radial fibers
or dilater pupillae dilate the pupil.
ANATOMY OF THE 43
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

44. • Ciliary muscle &sphincter pupillae are
supplied by the parasympathetic fibers of
the 3rdCN .dilator pupillae is supply by the
sympathetic fibers which travel along
carotid opthalmic artery from superior
cervical ganglion.
ANATOMY OF THE 44
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

45. examination include:-
Palpebral fissure,
-Ocular movements
-Pupil (size ,shape & test light &
accomm0dation reflexes).
-Nystagmus.
ANATOMY OF THE 45
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

46. Lesions of 3rdCN
• External ophthalmoplesia
• External strabismus(squint)
• Diplopia *ptosis
*dilated pupil
• Loss of visual
reflexes&accomodation
ANATOMY OF THE 46
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

47. ANATOMY OF THE 47
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

48. LESIONS of 4thCN
• Vertical diplopia
LESIONS of 5thCN
Horizontal diplopia ,
_Internal strabismus,
_Lateral gaze &
_paralysis (nucl.communication
ANATOMY OF THE 48
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

49. ANATOMY OF THE 49
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

50. ANATOMY OF THE 50
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

51. ANATOMY OF THE 51
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

52. Sensation of the eye
supply by the opthalmic division
(1st part of 5thCN) it carries
(touch, pain &temperature) to
upper eyelid , conjunctiva,
cornea & intraocular structures
ANATOMY OF THE 52
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

53. • The motor branch of the 7thCN
supplies all the muscles of the
fascial expression . SO in the
case of 7thCN palsy the pt
inable to close the eyelid beside
dry conjectiva.
ANATOMY OF THE 53
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

54. ANATOMY OF THE 54
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

55. Our bOss dr/Osman
YOusif
&mY seniOrs dr/dalia & dr/
lana.
•if i saY Thank YOu i dOn’T give
YOu ,001 degree fOr all YOur
Times 0f Teaching me &fOr all
chances ThaT given me fOr
Training & learning abOuT abc
Of OphThalmOlOgY in This
hOspiTal.
ANATOMY OF THE 55
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi

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ٍ
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ANATOMY OF THE 56
EYEBALL- dr Shawgi