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VCWE:Visual Character-Enhanced
Word Embedding
Chi Sun, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing,
Fudan University School of Computer Science,
Fudan University 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
長澤 駿太(テツ)
- 法政大学理工学部応用情報工学科 B4
知的情報処理研究室(彌冨研) 所属
- バイト探してます
- DeNAのコンペで優勝しました!
- ブログ書いてます(論文読みとか)
- https://tetsu316.hatenablog.com
研究分野
- 文字形状を考慮した自然言語処理
- これから話す論文もこれ系です
2
@tetsu316naga
iron316
自己紹介
Chi Sun, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang
VCWE:Visual Character-Enhanced Word Embedding
In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North
American Chapter of the Association for Computational
Linguistics: Human Language Technologies
arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.08795
3
文献情報
- 文字形状を考慮した中国語の単語分散表現
“Visual Character-Enhanced Word Embedding”
(VCWE)の提案
- 先行研究と比べより良い単語分散表現の獲得
- End-to-Endにすることで先行研究よりも文字形状を
捉えた分散表現の学習が可能
- 先行研究と比べより複雑な文脈を考慮できるようになった
- この論文を選んだ理由
- 自分の進めている研究と近かった
4
TL;DR
中国語や漢字は表意文字と呼ばれている
鯲 鯣
5
背景
中国語や漢字は表意文字と呼ばれている
魚編だし、
魚っぽい?
鯲 鯣
6
背景
スルメドジョウ
中国語や漢字は表意文字と呼ばれている
背景
ドジョウ スルメ
魚編だし、
魚っぽい?
漢字の形から
意味を認識
言語の理解に
役に立ちそう
鯲 鯣
7
背景
- Image-based Character Embedding for Document
Classification [Shimada+ 2016]
- CAEで文字画像を学習させることで
文字の形を考慮した文字の分散表現の獲得
[Shimada+ 2016] D. Shimada, R. Kotani, and H. Iyatomi, “Document classification through image-based character
embedding and wildcard training,” IEEE International Conference on Big Data, pp. 3922–3927, 2016. 8
背景
- End-to-End Text Classification via
Image-based Embedding using
Character-level Networks [Kitada+ 2018]
- 文書分類タスクとcharacter encoderを
繋げたEnd-to-Endのモデル
- 画像空間と特徴空間による
data augmentationを行うことで精度を向上
- Wikipediaタイトルによる
カテゴリ分類にてstate of the art を達成
9
[Kitada+ 2018] Shunsuke Kitada, Ryunosuke Kotani, Hitoshi Iyatomi, "End-to-End Text Classification via
Image-based Embedding using Character-level Networks”, IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition
(AIPR) 2018 workshop
先行研究
- 中国語における文字構造を考慮した単語分散表現
- CWE[Yin+ 2015]
- Word2vec + 文字の部首情報を追加
- GWE[Su+ 2017]
- CWE+文字画像による視覚的特徴量の追加
- JWE[Yu+ 2017]
- 単語や文字、部首をそれぞれ別々に扱う
10
[Yin+ 2016] Rongchao Yin, Quan Wang, Rui Li, Peng Li, Bin Wang, “Multi-Granularity Chinese Word
Embedding”, Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing 2016
[Su and Lee+ 2017] Tzu-Ray Su, Hung-Yi Lee, “Learning Chinese Word Representations From Glyphs Of
Characters”, arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.04755.
[Yu+ 2017], Jinxing Yu, Xun Jian, Hao Xin, and Yangqiu Song, “Joint embeddings of chinese words,
characters, and fine-grained subcharacter components”, Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
2017
CWE
- Multi-Granularity Chinese WordEmbedding[Yin+ 2015]
- 文字+部首+単語による単語分散表現
11
GWE
- Learning Chinese Word Representations From
Glyphs Of Characters[Su+ 2017]
- 文字画像からCAEで抽出した、視覚的特徴量を
CWEに組み込んだ単語分散表現
12
JWE
- Joint embeddings of chinese words, characters, and
fine-grained subcharacter components[Yu+ 2017]
- 単語+文字+部首のそれぞれをword2vecの
入力として学習した分散表現
13
先行研究の問題点
- CWEやJWEはより複雑な言語構成が処理できない
- 部首情報により簡単な構成は学習できている
- GWEは柔軟性がword2vecよりも劣っている
- 非構成単語(構成文字に意味が少ない)
- 例: ”沙发”(ソファ) = ”沙”(砂)+"发"(髪)
14
VCWE学習の3 steps
1. CNNによる文字からの視覚的情報量の抽出
2. Bi-LSTMとself-attentionによる単語分散表現の取得
3. Skip-gramによるコンテキスト情報の取得
15
VCWE
サブ要素
- Sub sampling
- レア単語と頻出単語の出現回数の調整
- Negative sampling
- 平等にnegative sampleするよう調整
16
- 損失関数
17
VCWE
実験(VCWEの学習)
データセット
- 中国のWikipedia dataset
- tokenizer : THULAC 7
- 頻度100回以上の単語のみ使用
ハイパパラメータ
- Optimizer : Adam
- Learning rate : 0.001
- Context window : 5
- Embedding dimension : 100
- Negative sampling : 5
18
評価タスク
- Word Similarity Task
- 単語類似性データセットのスピアマン相関
19
評価タスク
- Sentiment Analysis Task(2値分類)
- 後段のモデルとしてBi-LSTMを使用
- データはノート、車、カメラ、携帯のレビュー
20
評価タスク
- Named Entity Recognition
- 後段のモデルとしてchinese NER modelを使用
- MSRA datasetを使用
- Part-of-speech Tagging Task
- 後段のモデルとしてBi-LSTM使用
21
評価タスク
- Qualitative Analysis
- target単語に最も類似度(cos類似度)の高い単語top10
22
まとめ
- 議論
- 4つのタスクでBaselineよりも良い精度を出すことで、
より良い分散表現が学習されたことが確認できた
- End-to-EndのモデルにすることによりGWEと比べて
より文字形状を捉えた分散表現の学習が可能になった
- 気になった点
- 日本語に適用してみたらどうなるのだろう
- ひらがなとかカタカナとかの扱い方
- 日本語実装やってます(間に合わなかった...)
23

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VCWE[論文読み会]