I am Quazi istiaque Bari , here you can show the heart, which is the pumping organ of our body. it's very important to you. You can know about the heart, its various parts as well as its functions, various cardiovascular diseases, and their treatment. Outlines are- 1. physiology and anatomy of the heart 2. Function of heart 3. Blood circulation 4. Diseases of the heart like heart attack, arrhythmia angina pectoris, heart failure, etc. 5. Healthy heart tips hopefully, you get some general knowledge of heart through it, you will enjoy it surely. all the very best for what you are doing. may Allah bless you all.

1. Welcome to My presentation
presented by
Quazi istiaque Bari
ID-201730103007
Department of pharmacy

2. Pathophysiology Of Heart
Presentation topic

3. Outline
 Heart
 Physiology & anatomy of heart
 Functions of heart
 Blood circulation
 Diseases of heart
 Arrhythmia
 Angina
 Heart failure
 Heart attack
 Healthy heart tips

4. Heart
 Heart is a vital organ of the body.
 It is a muscular pump that circulates the blood.
 An adult human heart weighs between 200 and
425 grams and is slightly larger than a fist.
 In an average lifetime, a person's heart may
beat more than 3.5 billion times.
 Each day, the average heart beats 100,000
times, pumping about 7,600 liters of blood.

5. Physiology & anatomy of heart

6. Physiology & anatomy of heart
(The Pericardium)
 The heart is surrounded by
membrane called Pericardium.
 The pericardium is a fibroserous sac
that encloses the heart and the
roots of the great vessels.
 The pericardium lies within the
middle mediastinum.
 Its function is to restrict excessive
movements of the heart as a whole
and to serve as a lubricated
container in which the different
parts of the heart can contract.

7. Heart Wall
The heart wall is made up
of three layers:
 Epicardium—
outer protective layer of
the heart.
 Myocardium—muscular
middle layer wall of the
heart.
 Endocardium—inner
layer of the heart.

8. The Heart Chambers
Heart contains Four
chambers
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle

9. Valves of heart
1) Atrioventricular valves:
a) Tricuspid valve, located
between the right atrium
and right ventricle.
b) Bicuspid or mitral valve,
located between the left
atrium and left ventricle.
2) Semilunar valves:
a) Pulmonary valve,
separates the right
ventricle from the
pulmonary arteries.
b) Aortic valve, separates
the left ventricle from the
aorta.

10. Function of heart
 Pumping blood around the body is the main function of
the heart.
 Sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be
oxygenated
 Sending oxygenated blood to the whole body
 Ensuring that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not
mix (septum)
 Preventing back flow of blood (valves)

11. Blood circulation
 It is the process of & lymph flow through a close system of vessels, called
circulation.

12. DISEASES OF HEART
Arrhythmia
Angina
Heart failure
Heart attack
Hypertension

13. Arrhythmia
 An abnormality of the cardiac rhythm
is called a cardiac arrhythmia.
Arrhythmias may cause sudden
death, syncope, heart failure,
dizziness, palpitations or no
symptoms at all.
 There are two main types of
arrhythmia:
1. bradycardia: the heart
rate is slow (< 60 b.p.m.)
2. tachycardia: the heart
rate is fast (> 100 b.p.m.)

14. Arrhythmia
Treatment
 Medications to control heart rate
 Pacemaker
 Cardio version
 Ablation Therapy
 Implantable cardio verter
defibrillator
 Cardiac Electrophysiology Lab – EP
Lab
Medication

15. Angina (Angina Pectoris)
 Angina (also called angina pectoris) is chest pain that appears when the
muscle cells of the heart don't get enough blood to properly carry out their
pumping function.

16. Treatment of
angina
Vasodilators
Nitrates
e.g- Glyceryl
trinitrates
Calcium channel
blockers
e.g -Nifidipine
Cardiac
depressants
Beta blockers
e.g- Metaprolol
Potassium
channel
activators
e.g Nicorandil

17. Heart failure
 Heart failure is a chronic, progressive
condition.
 The heart muscle is unable to pump
enough blood to meet the body’s
needs for blood and oxygen.
 CO is inadequate to provide oxygen
needed by peripheral tissues.

18. Treatment
ACE inhibitors
Captopril
Enalapril
Beta blockers
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Diuretics
Furosemide
Mannitol

19. Heart attack
 Heart attack commonly known as Myocardial infarction (MI)
 Occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart
 causing damage to the heart muscle
 The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort

20. Major drug groups used in heart
failure
Chronic Heart Failure
•Diuretics
•Vasodilators
•Cardiac glycosides
•Beta blockers
•Angiotensin receptor
blockers
Acute Heart failure
•Diuretics
•Vasodilators
•Oxygen
•Morphine
•Bipyridines
•Beta receptor
agonist: Dobutamine

21. Healthy heart tips