4. Introduction to DTV
⢠Outline
â DTV overview
â Characteristic of DTV industry
â DTV standard overview
5. DTV overview
⢠What does DTV mean?
â Higher Picture Resolution
⢠High definition program
â Multicasting
⢠More programs at the same channel and bandwidth
â Better Picture Quality
⢠Less noise
â New Type of Broadcasting Service
⢠Interactions
6. DTV overview
⢠Digital receivers
â STB v.s. iDTV
â STB (Set-top box)
⢠standalone
⢠Two separate remote control
⢠Cheap products
â iDTV (Integrated DTV)
⢠Integrating STB to TV
⢠STB is a part of DTV
⢠Future trend
11. DTV overview
⢠DTV Basic Functions
â Parental Guidance
⢠by program rating
⢠by channel
⢠by time
â PIP & POP
⢠Picture in picture
⢠Picture out picture
⢠One tuner v.s. twin tuners
12. DTV overview
⢠DTV Basic Functions
â Teletext (TT)
⢠The users can access text information on TV.
â Closed Caption (CC)
⢠The caption is separated with video frames.
⢠MPEG-II allows different caption streams.
13. DTV overview
⢠DTV Advanced Functions
â EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
⢠Displaying program information: name, start
time/duration, description.
⢠Present/Following (now/next) v.s. Scheduled (weekly)
EPG
⢠Display one dimensionally or two dimensionally
15. DTV overview
⢠DTV Advanced Functions
â PayTV
⢠The access to services inside TS is
⢠allowed only when subscription
â CA (Conditional Access)
⢠Smart card verification system
⢠Middleware porting is needed
⢠Different STB for different CA providers:
⢠Nagravision, Viaccess, Irdeto, etc.
⢠Cheap but not compatible
16. DTV overview
⢠DTV Advanced Functions
â CI (Common Interface)
⢠Common PCMCIA interface for different
⢠CA modules
⢠Same STB for different CA smart cards
⢠Expensive but compatible
17. DTV overview
⢠DTV Advanced Functions
â MHP (Multimedia Home Platform)
⢠A middleware
⢠More applications than audio/video
⢠Java-like applications
18. Characteristic of DTV
industry
⢠Characteristics of DTV Industry
â A lot of industries are involved.
⢠Major components of the DTV system
â Content/Service Provider
⢠TV program, Movie industry, Music industry, Game industry,
⢠information industry,etc.
⢠Digital studio, storage, broadcasting equipments.
â Transmission Channel
⢠Satellite, Cable, terrestrial, fixed/mobile network
⢠Communication equipments
â Terminal devices
⢠TV, Set-Top Box, PC/NB, cellular, PDA, vehicle device, etc.
⢠IC(tuner/decoder/display), Panel, Storage, software, OS, etc.
19. Characteristic of DTV
industry
⢠Huge difference among different DTV
markets
â 1. Different DTV standards
â 2. Different ecological dispersion
â 3. Different market demands
20. Characteristic of DTV
industry
⢠DTV Standards
â ATSC: USA, Canada, Mexico, South Korea
â DVB: Europe, Australia, New Zealand,
Taiwan, etc.
â ISDB: Japan
â DMB-TH: China (2006/8)
21. Characteristic of DTV
industry
⢠Ecological dispersion (SatelliteăCableă
Terrestrial)
â USA
⢠85% users watching cable TV.
â Taiwan
⢠over 85% users watching cable TV
â India, Indonesia , middle of Asia:
⢠Satellite TV
â In Europe, Japan and China
⢠urban : Terrestrial TV
⢠Suburban : Satellite TV
23. Characteristic of DTV
industry
⢠Market Demands
â Picture Quality
⢠HDTV markets
⢠SDTV markets
â TV Size
⢠Large size of TV
⢠TV smaller than 30â
â Functionality
⢠PayTV
â CA, CI
⢠interactive DTV
â (MHP, OpenCable, âŚ)
⢠PVR
⢠Various customization
â Integration
⢠Integrated with other consumer products, like HDD, DVD.
⢠Popular in Japan, Korea.
24. DTV Standard Overview
⢠ATSC standard
â Video: MPEG-II MP@HL (main profile, high level)
â Audio: MPEG-I layer I,II, Dolby AC-3
â System layer: MPEG-ll TS + PSIP
â Modulation: 8-VSB (terrestrial), 16-VSB(cable)
â Interactive middleware: DASE(old) ACAP(new)
⢠Main Features
â HDTV
⢠ATSC system supports 18 formats with 6 HDTV, 9 EDTV, 3 SDTV.
â Dolby AC-3
⢠ATSC boasts âtheater quality" audio because it uses the Dolby Digital AC3 format to provide
5.1-channel surround sound.
â Low transmission power
⢠VSB requires half transmission power compared with COFDM, so ATSC signal coverage is
larger than DVB-T with same power.
⢠Good for N. America where many places are rural with lower population density.
25. DTV Standard Overview
⢠DVB standard
â Video: MPEG-II MP@ML (main profile, main level)
â Audio: MPEG-I layer I, II
â System layer: MPEG-ll TS + SI
â Modulation: COFDM (DVB-T/H), QAM(DVB-C), QPSK(DVB-S)
â Channel Bandwidth: 6/7/8MHz (ATSC 6MHz with fixed 19.39bps)
â Interactive middleware: MHP (Multimedia Home Platform)
⢠Main Features (DVB-T)
â SFN (Single Frequency Network):
⢠Since it is better at handling multipath, same channel freq can be used for adjacent areas. The
spectrum allocation is efficient.
â Mobile Reception
⢠Due to Guard Band and the better multipath handling in COFDM, it is good for mobile
reception.
â Two-way communication support
⢠DVB has standardized return channels RCS/C/T to provide bidirectional communication
which is good for interactive DTV.
26. DTV Standard Overview
⢠ISDB standard
â Include ISDB-T, ISDB-C, ISDB-S
â Video: MPEG-II
â Audio: MPEG-II AAC (allows 5.1 audio output)
â System Layer: MPEG-ll TS + ARIB STD B-10
â Modulation: DPSK, QPSK, QAM, OFDM
â Channel Bandwidth: 6MHz (3.7 ~23.2Mbps )
⢠Main Features
â ISDB-S is 1.5 times more efficient than DVB-S. (ISDB-S could
transmit at 51 Mbps with a single transponder, while DVB-S allows
at about 34 Mbps)
â ISDB-T has the most flexibility and efficiency for mobile and
portable reception, compared with DVB-T and ATSC.
27. DTV Standard Overview
⢠Mobile TV standards
â DVB-H (digital video broadcasting-handheld )
⢠Derived from DVB-T with improvement on low power consumption, mobile
reception, IP data casting.
â T-DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting)
⢠Derived from DAB. Used by South Korea.
â MediaFLO (Media Forward Link Only)
⢠Qualcommâs technology to broadcast data to portable devices.
⢠FLO means transmission path is one-way, from tower to device.
⢠Verizon Wireless (second-largest wireless network in the U.S.) and Cingular
(merged by AT&T Wireless and become the largest wireless carrier in the U.S. )
announced to deploy MediaFLO in US.
â DVB-SH (digital video broadcasting-Satellite handheld Feb. 2007)
⢠to deliver IP based media content and data to handheld terminals like mobile
phones and PDAs via satellite.
28. DTV Standard Overview
⢠Profile and level
DTV broadcasting applications
⢠DVB: MP@ML (main profile at main level).
⢠ATSC: MP@HL (main profile at high level).
30. What does a DTV receiver
do?
⢠Receives digital TV programs from a cable, satellite
or terrestrial network
⢠Decodes transport streams
⢠Outputs signals to television
â More interactions can be done
â Ex. Running applications on STB
31. Block diagram of a typical
receiver
Tuner Front-end
Smart card /
CA Module
MPEG-2
decoder
CPU
Middleware
SDRAM
Flash memory
Graphics
processor
Descrambler
MPEG-2
demultiplexer
32. The Front End
⢠Receiver
â Converting analog signal to digital one.
â Including the tuner and the front end
⢠The tuner
â Receives frequency-specified signal
â Demodulates the signal
â Turns the analog signal into a digital bitstream
⢠The front-end
â Error correction
â Removing packetization in the stream
â Outputs an MPEG-2 transport stream
33. The Demultiplexer
⢠Decoding information in TS for STB
â Elements in the current channel
⢠Audio and video streams
⢠Broadcast data streams
⢠Service information
â Service information for the network
⢠Passing streams to corresponding components
â Service information and data streams to the CPU
â Audio and video to the MPEG decoder
34. The MPEG Decoder
⢠Decoding audio and video streams and displaying them on
the screen
⢠Supporting graphical overlays
â Cursor, graphics
â Some receivers support up to five graphics planes
⢠Background, video, two graphics planes, cursor
⢠Supporting scaling, clipping and repositioning video
â But this may be limited
35. The CPU
⢠Deal with other tasks in the system
â Decoding and handling service information
â Decoding broadcast data streams
â User interaction
â Running built-in or downloaded applications
⢠Often integrated with the MPEG-2 decoder and other components
⢠Typical CPUs
â STMicroelectronics 551x family
â NEC EMMA2
â ATI Xilleon
â Broadcom BCM3560
36. Conditional access (CA)
⢠Anti-piracy system for pay-TV
â Decrypts data from input streams
⢠Depending what was encrypted by the network operator
â Worked on specified devices
⢠integrating with the receiver
⢠Smart card or similar device
⢠Each STB usually has one CA system integrated
â This is enough for most pay-TV systems
â The box is tied with the subscription, so only used on one network
and one CA system
37. Conditional Access (CA)
⢠Some CA systems require special hardware support
⢠Some network operators are now using pure software CA systems
â May still use smart cards for authentication
⢠CA systems may do more than just encryption
â Pair a smart card to a single receiver
⢠Smart card can not be moved to other receivers
â Provide a way of uniquely identifying the receiver
⢠Smart card serial number
â Prevent STBs moving to other household
⢠Second STB
⢠Every household must have their own subscription
38. Conditional Access (CA)
⢠Integrated CA systems are unsuitable for some markets
⢠May use a pluggable CA module instead
â Entire decryption solution on a PCMCIA card
â Smart card plugs in to PCMCIA card
â Used on retail systems to allow use with any network
⢠This has several limitations
â More expensive (PCMCIA card)
â Few vertical markets will use pluggable CA modules
â Less secure, in the case of DVB-CI
⢠Not all CA systems will support pluggable modules
39. Return channel
⢠Communicating with the network operator or service operator
â Ordering pay-per-view services, home shopping, home banking
⢠May be used for general network access
â Web browsing, email, chat
⢠Many types in use
â PSTN modem (usually 56K)
â Cable modem and ADSL modem
â Exotic technologies such as GSM, DVB RCS (return channel via
satellite)
â Not every receiver will have a return channel
â The cost is relatively high.
â Itâs not necessary for all services.
40. Middleware
⢠A common software platform for application development
â Usually in C or Java
â Basic features
⢠Graphics & video manipulation, return channel access, access to
service information, etc.
⢠Provided middleware platforms today
â OpenTV (OpenTV Core)
â NDS (NDS Core)
â Canal+ (MediaHighway)
â PowerTV (PowerTV)
â Microsoft (Microsoft TV)
â Nagravision-Kudelski (Tsunami)
⢠Open middleware platforms
â MHP, OCAP, ACAP, JavaTV, ARIB-B23
41. Integration
⢠Cost is a major factor in STB manufacture
â Lots of competition
â Typical cost is ~100 USD to the network operator for a standard STB
⢠Retail is more expensive
⢠Many components get integrated to save cost
â Tuner and front end
â Demultiplexer/MPEG decoder/CPU/graphics processor
⢠Most current STBs are one- or two-chip solutions
â Depends on features needed
42. Block diagram of a typical
receiver
Tuner
Smart card /
CA Module
MPEG-2
decoder
CPU
Middleware
SDRAM
Flash memory
Graphics
processor
Descrambler
MPEG-2
demultiplexer
Front-end
Standard STB with pay-TV
support (integrated)
BOM Cost: ~80 USD
Integrated into front-end
Integrated into CPU
43. Block diagram of a basic
receiver
ÎźController
SDRAM
ROM
Free-to-Air âzapperâ box
BOM Cost: ~30-40 USD
MPEG-2
decoder
SDRAM
MPEG-2
demultiplexer
Tuner /
Front-end
45. What Is MHP?
⢠An open standard for interactive digital television
⢠Defined by DVB
⢠Related open standards
â DVB, MPEG, JavaTV
⢠Providing interactive functionality to develop application
46. What Is MHP?
⢠MHP is:
â A platform definition
â A set of Java APIs
â A set of HTML document type definitions
â A set of compatibility tests
⢠It is also:
â Compatible with current DVB-based solutions
â Freely available (specification available on the web)
⢠MHP has been adopted in many countries
â Germany, Finland, Singapore, Korea, Australia and others
â Included in the US OpenCable standard
⢠Many other broadcasters & content developers working with MHP
47. What Is MHP?
⢠Three main standards are related to MHP
â MHP 1.0.x (1.0.0 â 1.0.3)
⢠The original MHP specification plus updates
⢠The most commonly deployed version of MHP
â MHP 1.1.x
⢠Adds some new elements
⢠HTML support, stored applications, Internet client APIs, smart
card APIs
⢠Still a work in progress
â Globally Executable MHP (GEM)
⢠A subset of MHP 1.0.2
⢠Designed to form the basis of other DTV middleware standards
⢠Currently used by OCAP, ACAP and ARIB B23
48. Types of MHP Application
⢠Information services
â super teletext, etc.
⢠Show-related interactivity
â online quiz show, online voting, etc.
⢠Games
⢠T-commerce and banking
⢠Internet access
49. Building MHP Services
⢠Applications are built in Java or HTML
â Most of products use Java only
⢠Transported in a DVB transport stream
â Transport stream with DVB tables
⢠Transported in IP connection
50. What Can An Application
Do?
⢠MHP application can be supported by follow APIs
â Most of standard Java APIs
â Extensions for TV-specific functionality
â APIs for accessing return channel
â APIs for controlling and communicating applications
⢠HTML application support for latest internet standards
â XHTML, CSS 2.0, ECMAScript
51. MHP deployment
⢠MHP 1.0.2 deployed in:
â Finland
â Germany
â Italy
â South Korea
⢠Other countries will follow soon
â Australia, USA (through OCAP)
⢠MHP 1.1 is not currently deployed
â Too many problems remaining
â Not enough need for the additional features
⢠Usually other ways to get what you need
53. outline
⢠Research about interactive TV
⢠The requirements
⢠The proposed system or model
⢠The evaluation or results
⢠conclusion
54. Research about interactive
TV
⢠Four papers are presented here
â Interactive TV: VoD meets the Internet
â MiTV: rethinking interactive TV
â An integrated live interactive content insertion
system for digital TV commerce
â Open graphical framework for interactive TV
55. The introduction
⢠Interactive TV: VoD meets the Internet
â Shim, S.S.Y.; Yen-Jen Lee;
â Computer , Volume: 35 , Issue: 7 , July 2002
â Pages:108 - 109
56. What is interactive TV?
⢠Television commerce combines the
interactive power of the internet with
traditional TV programming.
⢠Two ways to deliver VoD services:
â Focus on TV
â Focus on PC
57. Generic architecture for
interactive VoD
⢠Back-end-service
â Video server platform
⢠Support unicast or multicast at broadband rates.
⢠Consist of a streaming server engine , real-time
streaming file system , etc.
â Security manager
⢠User profiles and usage histories
â Program scheduler
⢠Responding to user interaction
58. Generic architecture for
interactive VoD (contâd)
⢠Database
â To store metadata and are used on video
retrieval.
⢠Service applications
â E-commerce transaction
â Messaging platform
59. Generic architecture for
interactive VoD (contâd)
⢠Client platform
â There are various device to present multimedia
stream to client side.
â Web-based management and rendering
applications can reside in an STB , a PC or a
PDA.
â The details will be discussed in the next section.
61. Combining other devices to
interactive TV
⢠MiTV: rethinking interactive TV
â Bing, J.; Dubreuil, J.; Espanol, J.; Julia, L.; Lee,
M.; Loyer, M.; Serghine, M.;
â Virtual Systems and Multimedia, 2001.
Proceedings. Seventh International Conference
on , 25-27 Oct. 2001
â Pages:365 - 369
62. Traditional interface for iTV
⢠The shortage of traditional iTV
â When Interactive event happened , the audience
can not carry on browsing the original program.
â Co-watchers
â Feedback
⢠Answering questions
â Entering data
⢠No suitable devices
63. A new interaction paradigm
⢠A natural device that comes with the TV is its
remote.
⢠The switch mode is efficient for TV with
100+ channel (change channels by forward
and back ).
⢠Using mobile devices like PDA or tablet to
replace remote control may be a better way.
64. The foundations
⢠The CAB (Collaobrative Architecture of
BravoBrava! )infrastructure.
⢠Itâs used for established communications
between the mobile devices and interactive
TV.
⢠Based on Microsoftâs DCOM architectures.
67. The pop-up information
⢠Showing logos on mobile devices instead of
on screen can keep the completeness of view
area.
68. Some examples of
interactive TV games
⢠The audience can join a interactive TV game by receiving
information and sending their answers by tablet or PDA.
69. Some examples of interactive
TV games (contâd)
⢠Using hand-writing to answer quiz.
72. The third part
⢠An integrated live interactive content
insertion system for digital TV commerce
â Liang-Jie Zhang; Jen-Yao Chung; Lurng-Kuo
Liu; Lipscomb, J.S.; Qun Zhou;
â Multimedia Software Engineering, 2002.
Proceedings. Fourth International Symposium on
, 11-13 Dec. 2002
â Pages:286 - 293
73. introduction
⢠MPEG-2 is the video format used in digital TV. there are
three types of digital TV formats:
â ATSC
⢠Advanced television systems committee scheme
â DVB
⢠Digital video broadcast
â ARIB
⢠Association of radio industries an business
74. Introduction (contâd)
⢠The problem of effectively organize the
interactive content and deliver its data in a
timely fashion to an mpeg-2 data injector.
⢠This paper proposed an improved method for
inserting interactive content into a live TV.
79. Interactive content
creation engine (ICCE)
⢠The authors provide an ICCE engine to
convert the online product list on the e-
commerce server.
⢠And combine some control (java script) to
the web part in interactive TV.
82. The final part
⢠Open graphical framework for interactive TV
â Cesar, P.; Vierinen, J.; Vuorimaa, P.;
â Multimedia Software Engineering, 2003.
Proceedings. Fifth International Symposium on ,
10-12 Dec. 2003
â Pages:21 - 28
83. introduction
⢠This paper focus on development of
framework and emphasize on cross platform
⢠So they choose JAVA for implementation
and Linux platform for performance.
86. Evaluation themes
⢠Here are some interesting terms they defined
to evaluate UI software tools.
â Focus
â threshold
â Ceiling
â Path of least resistance
87. The digital television
standard
⢠Various DVB , they are popular in Europe
â DVB-S (satellite)
â DVB-T (terrestrial)
â DVB-C (cable)
â DVB-MHP (multimedia home platform )