FINAL EXAMNote It is recommended that you save your response as.docx

FINAL EXAM
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complete each question.
Question 1 (1 point)
Your textbook defines psychology as which of the following?
Question 1 options:
a)
The science of behavior
b)
The study of mental processes
c)
The study of mental disorders and their treatment
d)
The science of mind and behavior
One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerful
earthquake occurred in California. “I told you the big one would
hit this year!” he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the _____
bias.
Question 2 options:
a)
cognitive

b)
hindsight
c)
predictive
d)
foresight
Dr. Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures
that psychologists use to gather observations. Dr. Harris is
outlining the _____ method.
Question 3 options:
a)
deductive
b)
psychological
c)
rational
d)
scientific

Andrea is reading a general, comprehensive explanation of the
causes of human aggression in the introduction to a research
report in psychology. Andrea is reading a(n):
Question 4 options:
a)
theory
b)
hypothesis
c)
operational definition
d)
explanation
A hypothesis is best defined as a(n):
Question 5 options:
a)
specific prediction concerning the relationship between
variables
b)
specification of a variable in terms of the procedures that will
be used to measure it
c)
broad, general explanation of the phenomenon of interest

d)
behavior, event, or other characteristic that can assume different
values
Which of the following researchers is conducting a case study?
Question 6 options:
a)
Dr. Henriette, who is measuring how fast a group of students
can respond to a stimulus.
b)
Dr. Innis, who is examining the tactile perception of a blind
woman
c)
Dr. Jenner, who is observing children on a playground
d)
Dr. Kulik, who is combing through newspaper stories on serial
killers
The number of violent TV shows that a child watches is
positively correlated with the aggressiveness of the child’s play.
Why might this be?
Question 7 options:
a)
Viewing violent TV causes aggressive behavior

b)
Aggressive behavior causes viewing violent TV
c)
There is a third common-causal variable that creates the
correlation
d)
A, B, or C may be correct but the correlation cannot tell us
which one is correct
Which of the following is the goal of experimental research?
Question 8 options:
a)
To assess the validity of a measurement
b)
To assess the relationships among variables
c)
To assess the current state of affairs
d)
To assess the causal influence of one or more manipulations

Psychologists use the term __________ to refer to the pattern
of enduring characteristics that lend stability and consistency to
an individual's behavior and serve to differentiate one
individual from another.
Question 9 options:
a)
personality
b)
temperament
c)
character
d)
cognition
One of the most basic or fundamental of the defense
mechanisms involves simply pushing anxiety provoking
thoughts into the unconscious. This mechanism is termed
________.
Question 10 options:
a)
repression
b)
projection

c)
sublimation
d)
displacement
According to Abraham Maslow, a major prerequisite for
becoming self-actualized is having:
a)
all of one's lower-order needs fulfilled
b)
a major altruistic streak
c)
a very selfless nature
d)
suffered in the past so one can truly appreciate the good aspects
of life
Dr. Handy studies how other people influence our thoughts,
feelings, and actions. Dr. Handy studies ____________
psychology.

a)
developmental
b)
personality
c)
cognitive
d)
social
Which of the following is the correct definition of prejudice?
a)
A negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its
members
b)
A set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular
group and its members
c)
Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their
membership in a particular group

d)
Consideration of individuals for their personal qualities and not
their membership in a group
Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice
is termed:
a)
altruism
b)
compliance
c)
catharsis
d)
aggression
Save
Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a
group characterized by groupthink?
a)
"I'm glad that we are again in agreement about this decision"

b)
"Let's consider the situation one more time from a different
perspective."
c)
"I think we need to get an outside expert to help us."
d)
"Let's take a short break before we continue."
Save
Your text states that "group members will work harder if they
feel that their contributions to the group are known…" Keeping
group member contributions identifiable may therefore guard
against:
a)
social inhibition
b)
the dominant response bias
c)
social facilitation
d)

social loafing
Save
Which of the following terms best captures the meaning of the
term abnormal?
a)
distressing
b)
dysfunctional
c)
deviant
d)
All of these capture some part of the meaning of abnormal
Save
Which alternative correctly pairs a component of the bio-
psycho-social model of illness with an example?
a)
social - irrational thought patterns may be related to depression

b)
biological - excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be
implicated in schizophrenia
c)
psychological - schizophrenia is more common in low-SES
communities
d)
All of these are correctly paired
Save
Which of the following pieces of evidence support the inclusion
of a social component in a model of illness?
a)
General declines in psychological functioning are seen during
economic downturns.
b)
African Americans are more likely than whites to be
hospitalized involuntarily for psychological disorders.
c)
Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among lower SES
individuals than among middle or high SES individuals.

d)
All of these support the inclusion of a social component.
Save
The purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to provide:
a)
descriptions of the symptoms associated with categories of
disorders
b)
precise descriptions of the symptoms of disorders
c)
recommendations for treatment
d)
explanations of the causes of disorders
Save
Which of the following approaches might be used in
psychoanalysis?
a)

Dream analysis
b)
Free association
c)
Consideration of past experiences
d)
All of the above might be used in psychoanalysis
Save
According to a behavior therapist, how might psychological
disorders be treated most effectively?
a)
The client should learn new behaviors
b)
Maladaptive thought patterns should be challenged or changed
c)
Unconscious conflicts should be brought to light.
d)
Neurotransmitter irregularities should be rectified through drugs

Save
Based on your text's discussion, which of the following is
probably NOT a key ingredient of effective therapy?
a)
It provides hope
b)
It is based on a clear theoretical perspective
c)
It helps clients think carefully about themselves and their
relationships
d)
It entails a therapeutic alliance with the therapists
Save
Which of the following intellectual issues would seem MOST
relevant to developmental psychology?
a)
nature vs. nurture

b)
determinism vs. free will
c)
accuracy vs. inaccuracy
d)
conscious vs. unconscious processing
Save
According to Erikson, adolescents must resolve the challenge
of:
a)
trust versus mistrust
b)
intimacy versus isolation
c)
generativity versus stagnation
d)
identity versus role confusion
Save

A teratogen is:
a)
an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect
b)
a genetic or chromosomal abnormality that may produce a
developmental disorder
c)
any physical defect in an unborn child
d)
a fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division
Save
Mr. Eseston asks Colin if he wants his sandwich in one piece, or
cut into two pieces. Colin asks him to keep it in one piece
because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces. Colin's
answer suggests that he
a)
has not achieved object permanence

b)
does not have a theory of mind
c)
does not yet understand conservation
d)
has mastered the concept of conservation
Save
Which attachment style describes an infant who is mildly
disturbed at his mother's departure in the strange situation, but
who is easily soothed on her return?
a)
nonresistant
b)
avoidant
c)
ambivalent
d)
secure
Save

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught
smoking. Maura's parents yell at her, ground her for a month,
and take away her television and Internet privileges for two
months. Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment
and concern; additionally, they make her spend every afternoon
for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking and
discuss her findings with them each night at dinner. Most likely,
Maura's parents are __________ and Trish's are __________.
a)
permissive; authoritative
b)
authoritarian; permissive
c)
authoritarian; authoritative
d)
authoritative; permissive
Save
Ashley, a psychology major, remarks that she has become
interested in the study of intelligence. In other words, Ashley is
interested in:

a)
the capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and to
adapt to new situations
b)
how behavior changes as a result of experience
c)
the factors directing behavior toward a goal
d)
the ability to generate novel solutions to problems
Save
The fact that SAT scores are correlated with measures of
intelligence supports the _____ of the SAT
a)
reliability
b)
validity
c)
standardization

d)
invalidity
Save
Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route
followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates
with another?
a)
dendrite –> axon -> cell body
b)
dendrite- > cell body ->axon
c)
axon -> cell body -> dendrite
d)
axon -> dendrite -> cell body
Save
Intelligence is positively related to:
a)

the number of neurons in the brain
b)
the thickness of the cortex
c)
the volume of the brain
d)
A, B, and C
Save
Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight
line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves'
_________ is functioning poorly.
a)
cerebellum
b)
thalamus
c)
medulla
d)

corpus callosum
Save
Which of the following defines neuroplasticity?
a)
The left side of the brain receives and sends information to the
right side of the body and the right side of the brain receives
and sends information to the left side of the body
b)
The left and right brain hemispheres have different sensory and
motor functions
c)
The left and right brain hemisphere are specialized for different
tasks or abilities
d)
the brain can adapt to the effects of experience or damage
Save
With respect to the trichromatic and opponent-process theories
of color perception, which of the following statements is most
accurate?

a)
Trichromatic theory has largely been discredited
b)
Opponent-process theory has largely been discredited.
c)
Both trichromatic and opponent-process theories have largely
been discredited and replaced by newer ideas
d)
The two processes work together to help us perceive color.
Save
Why do we adapt after prolonged exposure to a constant
stimulus?
a)
so that we continue to respond to ongoing stimulation
b)
so that we don't become distracted by irrelevant changes in the
environment
c)
so that we detect potentially important changes in what's going

on
d)
so that we don't become overstimulated by the environment
Save
Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to a relatively
permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from
experience.
a)
maturation
b)
development
c)
learning
d)
perception
Save
Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She
suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened

by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds
scare her reflects a process of stimulus _________.
a)
extinction
b)
discrimination
c)
generalization
d)
association
Save
Which of the following scenarios is the best example of
negative reinforcement?
a)
Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop
the annoying alert sound.
b)
Drake no longer cuts class now that his parents confiscated his
iPod.

c)
Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs
for the price of one.
d)
Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from
his boss.
Save
Bandura's research on modeling aggressive behavior using Bobo
dolls showed which of the following?
a)
modeling could decrease aggressive behavior in some
conditions
b)
boys modeled more than girls
c)
modeling could teach children new behaviors
d)
modeling had little influence on behavior
Save

Memories of which we're not consciously aware are called
________ memories.
a)
internal
b)
subliminal
c)
subconscious
d)
implicit
Save
When we look up a number in the phone book, close the book,
and then begin to dial the number, we are relying on
a)
short term memory
b)
iconic memory

c)
working memory
d)
long-term memory
Save
Dr. Schmidt studies the factors that activate and direct behavior
toward an individual's goals. Dr.Schmidt studies:
a)
personality
b)
intelligence
c)
cognition
d)
motivation
Save
Which stage of the General Adaptation model is correctly

matched with a description?
a)
alarm-perceiving a threat, or a stressor
b)
resistance-attempting to cope with the stressor
c)
exhaustion-experiencing the negative physical and
psychological consequences of stress
d)
Each of the above are correctly matched.
Save
Psychologists have investigated the effects of daily hassles on
stress and health. Which alternative best summarizes the results
of such research?
a)
Daily hassles have little effect on either the amount of stress
participants report experiencing or the functioning of
participants' immune systems.
b)
Daily hassles influence the amount of stress participants report

experiencing, but have little effect on the functioning of
participants' immune systems.
c)
Daily hassles have little effect on the amount of stress
participants report experiencing, but they do influence the
functioning of participants' immune systems.
d)
Daily hassles influence both the amount of stress participants
report experiencing and the functioning of participants' immune
systems.
Save
According to your text, a positive outlook is associated with:
a)
better health
b)
a longer life
c)
a higher income
d)
A, B, and C

Save
Psychologists refer to our awareness of ourselves and our
environment as:
a)
perception
b)
intelligence
c)
cognition
d)
consciousness
Save
Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24
hours are termed:
a)
biorhythms

b)
diurnal rhythms
c)
daily rhythms
d)
circadian rhythms
Save
Nigel often cites newspaper editorials favoring the presidential
candidate he supports; he appears to ignore editorials critical of
the candidate. Nigel appears prone to:
a)
functional fixedness
b)
the sleeper effect
c)
the confirmation bias
d)
the representativeness heuristic

Save
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