Pericardium

1. Pericardium
 Definition: afibro serous sac surrounding the heart&roots
of it's great vessels.
 Site: middle mediastinum Extends from (2nd to 6th ) costal
cartilages& from ( 5th to 8th ) thoracic vertebrae.
 Structures: formed of 2 sacs: A- Fibrous pericardium
B- Serous pericardium


2. Fibrous pericardium
 Conical fibrous sac formed of fibrous tissue:
 It has: Base, Apex, ant, post& 2 lat surface.
 Base: bellow, attached to central tendon of diaphragm.
 Apex: above, up to sternal angle where it belend with
the adventitia of great vessels & Pre tracheal fascia.

5. Serous pericardium
 Closed serous sac which is invaginated from above and behind
by the heart & great vessels.
Structures:formed of 2 layers
 - 1- parietal layer: - lines fibrous pericardium & continous with
visceral layer at root of great vessels .
 2- Visceral layer(epicardium): covers the heart.

7. Blood Supply
 Fibrous and parietal serous:
 Arterial blood supply from:
 - Internal mammary, musculophernic arteries&
Descending thoracic aorta.
 Venous drainage:to internal mammary and
azygose veins.
 - Visceral serous: as the heart.

8. Nerve Supply
 Fibrous and parietal serous:
Phernic nerve (Sensitive to pain).
 Visceral layer: as heart
(Autonomic→ insensetive to pain) but
Sensitive to ischaemia .

9. sinuses of pericardium
 They are recesses inside the pericardal cavity lined by
serous pericardium, they includes :
 1- Transvers sinus
 2- oblique sinuses.

12. Oblique sinus
 Ablined recess of the pericardal cavity that lies
behind the base of the heart
 opened bellow to general pericardal cavity
 Boundaries:
 - Anteriorly: back of Lt atrium.
 - Post: fibrous pericardium
 - On left side: reflection of the serous
pericardium on 2 left pulmonary veins.
 - On right Side: reflection of the serous
pericardium on 2 right Pulmonary veins & 2 vena cava

14. ‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬