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prepositions and other words
Sanskrit
Latin
pra- vs. ni-
pra-
풀/불휘/뿌리/뿔/부리
벌어/벌리고 불어
돋아 나와/나가-
ni- 내리다
opp. ud- 욷/윗/위
아니다 무(無)
plus(+), positive
minus(╶ ), negative
cf. 미(微)
Pra- Sam- Vi-
pra
뿌리_벌어
뿔_나다
본(本)
뿌리
전체
(한 벌)
풀다
천연
본래(本來)
맨 앞에/제일
비롯_기원
처음_
우두머리
sam
쌈
함(含)
종(綜)/총(總)
생(生)
부분
(한 줌)
쌈-하다
쌓다
모으다
인위
인공
정련
닮을 사(似)
same
vi 비(우)다 멸(滅) 분할 비우다 낱낱이 쪼갬
풀/짚단을 ‘비/뷔/베다’
‘베어서 더 이상 같지 않다’ → 비(非) “참빗 모양”
빛-줄기, 갈래갈래, 빗자루, 비(雨)-줄기...
기본형 풀이 의미
ati- 뛰어(넘다/구르다) ati_krānti 뛰어 굴른다
adhi- 아득히/지극히 ; above, over and above from above, from
anu- 뒤따라 after, along, alongside
antar- 안(內)_tar 안의 ; Latin inter ; Goth. undar
apa- 앞/옆/엎(다)
away(↔úpa), off(↔sam),
back(↔pra), down(↔ut)
abhi- 앞, ~에 대(對)하여 to, towards, into, over, upon
ava- 아래 하(下), 아울러/두루
ā- ~(돌아와 여기)에, @ tatha_ā_ga_ta (그렇게 온)
ā- 감탄사 아!
ud- 욷>윗, 위 up
upa- 옆
ni- 내리다, minus
niḥ-
일어나다, 잃다. 일어나 떠나다 리(離). nir_vā_na 잃_바람, 불_되어
niś (s 뒤에 유성음이 오면 s→r , 무성음이 오면 s→ḥ)
parā- 바라- 바(所 소) 피안(彼岸) 바라보다
pari- 팔(두루, fully) 두루, 둘레에, round, round about, fully
pra- pre/pro- 뿌리-(최초로 기원_), 뿔-(나다) before/forward/forth
prati- 근원적으로, 도로(되- re-) 도로 돌아서, 돌아서 면전에, 견고하게
vi- 비/베다, 빗줄기, 빗, 빛
갈래, 낱낱이, 비다: 다른 것, 아니다, 빗, 빗줄기, 빛:
갈래갈래, 낱낱이, 나누다, 분리하다
sam-
~을 싸다/쌈 ; 닮(게 하)다 = same ; 하나로 만들다, 함께 한다 ;
골라서 싼다 → 인공적/정련된 ; 사위를 삼다, 신을 삼다
산듯하다 [북한어] 1.기분이나 느낌이 조금 깨끗하고 시원하다.
쌈빡하다. 2.보기에 조금 시원스럽고 말쑥하다.
Latin prepositions and other words
ā, ~에
ab-, a-, abs-, as-
<a-b-> ~에서 비롯/비(非)/분(分) → 벗어남, 밖
away from ~에로부터 /벗어나/탈 (奪, 脫)
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, a
l-, ap-, ar-, at-
<a-d-> 어디로_드_다, [읻]→입(入) at, to, toward, near
어디로/쪽, 어디서/소(所)
ambo- ambi/am/amb- Both/둘 다/→양(兩), 양측, 아울러
ante-, anti-
before
~한테, ~앞에→전(前) (공간적)
~이전(以前)→선(先) (시간적)
bi-, bis- twice <twi- < *dwo- <dvi 두ᄫ이(二)
circum
around 주위/둘레/빙 돌아/두루
둥근 <구르다(roll) , 굴렁쇠/고리 환(環)
cis-
지금 시(是) 여기 이곳(this side of) 근(近)
opp. trans- or ultra-
contrā
contra-, contro-
against, opposite to
구부러뜨려→거꾸로→거스를 역(逆), 반대로
<Skt. kut- 꾿→꼳→곶→곡 曲; [kuㅸ] 굽을/굽힐
cum/com/con-,
co-, col-, cor-
together, with 같이
함(含, 함께), 총(總), 종(綜), 통(統), 공(共)
Latin com/con-, "conjunction/union/thoroughness/intensity/completeness"
Greek syn←sun-, "with, together with, in company with"
dē → de-
1) down from ~아래로 떨어져
2) 다(모두), 더욱/지극
dexter
dextro-
덕(德) → 옳은→오른_손/쪽
right, to the right hand
dis-
apart, 별(別)_
띠었/뗐_다 (공간상/시간상)
떨어져 따로
ex, ē
외(外)
out of, from within
외부, 밖
ex-, e-, ef-
extrā outside extra-, extro-
in 안
내(內) in, into/안으로/
in-, il-, im-, ir-
īnfrā 이하(以下) below
infra-
inter
간(間)
among ~가운데,
between ~사이
inter-, intel-
intrā
within intra-, intro-
iuxtā
이어진(멀리 떨어지지 않은)
→ 곁 → 접(接)
beside
juxta-
multus 맗_>많은 → 만(萬, 滿)
much, many
multi-
ne
범어 √ ni- [ 니]→아니_다
negative, minus...
no
ne-, neg-
non not non-
ob,
obs
toward,
against,
in the way of,
by reason of
ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, o
s-
paene 뻔하다 → almost, nearly
pen- 거의/대부분, 거반=거지반
(居之半)=거의 절반 가까이
per
벌-7 ‘일정한 테두리/한계를 벗어난’ → thorough, through
per-, pel- ~을 통해/관통하여/통(通)과(過)-
펼/뻘/뻗다
공간적으로 벌어져-뻥-뚫린 통(通) → 지나치게 벌어/불어 과(過);
시간적 상황이 벌어져 → 경과(經過).
1) (through), 통(統) → 완(完) completely /perfect, 완성/완벽/완전_
2) (during), 두루 변(邊)- /persevere <per- "very" + severus 세밀/꼼꼼_ "strict"
3) (by means of), (on account of), /percent <per centum "by the hundred"
4) (as in), <-빨> ~의 경우(에서)와 같이 as in a dream/a vision
• Sanskrit cf. pa-, 바(所), 밖, 저쪽, 저기 피(彼)
• para-, 바라(보다); 저기에 cf. 피안彼岸(해탈) vs. 차안此岸(현세)
• pari- [바리바리] 두루 "around, about, through,"
• pura (뿌리, 뿔) 本/原, 先, 前 (before, formerly)
• Avestan pairi- "around," paro "before;" Hittite para- "on, forth;"
• Greek peri 변(邊)두리, 두루 "around, about, near, beyond,"
• paros, pro[앞으로] "before,"
• para, "병렬(竝列) from beside, beyond 저 너머,“
• Latin pro "before, for, on behalf of, instead of,“ porro 앞으로 "forward,“
• prae[뿌리] "before;" ☞ pre-, pri-
• Old Eng. fore, 앞 전(前) in front of ; previously 이전(以前)에
Post post-, after, behind
뒤 후(後) (공간적)
이후(以後) (시간적) → 차후(此後), future
Prae pre-, before
앞 전(前)
이전(以前)
Praeter by, past preter-
Prō
아프로
앞으로
for, forth, in front of
면전(面前), 전방(前方)
사전(事前)→미리
pro-, pol-, por-, prod-
Re-
again <ㄱ → ㅈ> 재(再)
back 배후로, 돌이켜←도로
re-, red- "back to the original place; again, anew,
once more“ 뿌리로→본래(本來)/원래(原來)
Retro backwards 반사/반향 retro-
sē apart, without 제외(除外) se-, sed-
sub
氐 저(低) 저(底) → 하(下)
from below, under
sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-
, sup-, sur-, sus-
subter beneath subter-
super
<su_수(秀) + per-통(通)> 최(最)
above, over
super-, supra-
suprā
<수(秀)/수(首)_ + 뿔 角>
above, more than
trāns 뛰어건너/(가로)지르는, across trans-, tra-, tran-
ultrā
초(超) <ul_위로 + trā_뛰/뜨_다>
beyond
ultra-
ve- (낫으로) 비/베-다 → out ve-
bi
• "two, twice, double, doubly"
• bi- ←<d 탈락>← Old Latin dvi-
• Sanskrit dvi- “둘, 듀오(duo)”
• PIE *dwo-,
• Greek di-,
• Old Eng. twi-
cis- “이 시(是)”
• "on the near side of, on this side,“
• <citra "on this side,"
• <PIE *ki-s “그 기(其)”, <*ko- "this"
• of place, 이곳
• of time, 지금
• of life situations (such as cis-gender, 2011)
• 시(是) : 이/이것, 여기/이곳 ; 옳음(것) ;
• 도리(道理)에 합당(合當)함(not-trans)
ob-
• "toward, against, across, down," also used as
an intensive, <PIE *epi/opi "near, against"
• 1) 앞(으로) before, in front of, → to(ward),
• 2) 업(up), <ober> → over , across
• 3) 엎어 (뒤집어→반대) against, ex) offend
• 4) 업어/입어→업보/이유 by reason of, about
an- (1) privative prefix
• "not, without," related to ne- (negative)
• Sanskrit an- “않-”, Greek an-,
• Latin in-,
• Gothic and Old English un-.
ana-
• 1. 상(上) "upward,"
• 2. 환(換) "again, anew,“
• 3. 않→반(反) "back, backward, against,“
• Greek ana- “up to, toward 향 , 하나=으뜸 exceedingly,
반 back, against,“ <ana "up, on, upon, throughout, aga
in," cognate with Old English on
• PIE root *ano- [한→산→상(上)] "on, upon, above”
• e.g. anatomy/토막 내서 위에 드러내기/→해부(解剖)
• e.g. analogy, 비유(比喩/譬喩)/유비(類比)/유추(類推)
<ana- + logos(ratio, word)>
Greek apo, Latin ab
• "from, away from; after; in descent from,"
in compounds, "from, asunder(산산이), a
way, off; finishing, completing; ceasing fr
om; back again,“
• PIE *apo-,
• Sanskrit apa-
• Latin ab, ~로부터 비롯, 비(베)어져/벗어나
• Old Eng. of "away from"
advance
<-d-삽입, 16c (ad-로 오인)
• <avauncen<OF. avancier<abanteare<abante
<ab- + ante(전 前, 선 先)
• vt. promote → vi. move forward
• v/n. 전진(前進)/진전(進展)/선불(금)-
• advanced : 선진(先進)/고급(高級)/
• (발달 단계상 진전된)→후기(後期)의
• advancement : 진전/발전/진보 ; 승진/출세
• advantage 이점/장점
• <avantage <OF. avantage 유리(有利)
eu- "good, well,"
• 수(秀), 선(善), 후(厚)→여유(餘裕)
• <Gr. eus "good," eu "well", also "luckily, h
appily“, opp. kakos, 각박(刻薄)
• "the right 우, the good cause," "greatnes
s, abundance, prosperity," (opp. dys-)
• <PIE *(e)su- <Skr. su- 秀 ; Avest. hu- 厚
dys- "bad, ill, abnormal"
• Greek dys-, inseparable prefix "bad, hard, unlucky,“ "destroyi
ng the good sense of a word or increasing its bad sense",
• PIE root (and prefix) *dus- "bad, ill, evil“
• Sanskrit dus-, Old Persian duš- "ill,“ “(글러먹었다)텃다, [튿]→
틀어진, (비)[뚣]→뚤어진, 돼질/뒤질/죽을”
• Old Eng. to-, Old High Germ. zur-, Gothic tuz- "un-", <*deu
- (1) 겨우<져우<뎌우, 쪼들리다, "to lack, be wanting"
dis/dif/de-
• 띠→떼(이)→떨어지다/결핍/반대/별리(別離)
• 1) "lack of, not" (as in dishonest)
• 2) "do the opposite of" (as in disallow);
• 3) "apart, away" (as in discard)
de-
• 떨어져-밑에, 완전히(←바닥까지 떨어진)
<Latin de, 전부 다, 지(至)극히
• 1) "down, down from, from, off, away, fro
m among,"
• 2) "down to the bottom, totally" hence "c
ompletely" (intensive or completive)
• 3) concerning ~에 대(對)한
re-
• 원래[월래] 도로/되/뒤에 back; again 재(再)
• <Indo-European *wret-, metathetical vari
ant of *wert- "to turn" [Watkins]
• prati → *wret/wert- →turn, [p ㅸ→w]
inter- 간(間 사이)
intro-, intra- 안쪽
• 안뜰 ← “안으로 터진 通”
• <PIE *en-t(e)ro-, <*en 안(內) in
• trans- (질러-뛰어 넘은)
• <Skt. tr- + -ans(~한/은 형용접미사)
• *tr ~가로지를/(배를)탈←뛸/뜰/달릴
ex- 외(外)/가장자리
• "out of, from," but also "upwards, complet
ely, deprive of, without," and "former“
• <Latin ex "out of, from within,"
• <PIE *eghs/~의 끝/가/외/ "out”
• Often reduced to e- before -b-, -d-, -g-,
consonantal -i(y)-, -l-, -m-, -n-, -v-
• (폐쇄 제거[-x 탈락] → 유성역행동화)
se- 제(除), 자(自)
• 1) without, apart, aside, <PIE *sed- “시들다”
• 2) on one's own 저/자기/자신, <extended f
orm of root *s(w)e-, 자(自) ; 씨(氏, seed)
• *pronoun of the third person and reflexiv
e(source also of German sich; see idiom)
• *Latin per se "by itself"
English Prepositions
• 문장에서 전치사가 무엇을 지시하는가?
• 시간/공간(위치/방향)/상황(관계) 표시.
• Relationship: (대)명사와 동사와의 관계.
• Location
• Direction
• Time
Prepositions and other words

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Prepositions and other words

  • 1. prepositions and other words Sanskrit Latin
  • 2. pra- vs. ni- pra- 풀/불휘/뿌리/뿔/부리 벌어/벌리고 불어 돋아 나와/나가- ni- 내리다 opp. ud- 욷/윗/위 아니다 무(無) plus(+), positive minus(╶ ), negative cf. 미(微)
  • 3. Pra- Sam- Vi- pra 뿌리_벌어 뿔_나다 본(本) 뿌리 전체 (한 벌) 풀다 천연 본래(本來) 맨 앞에/제일 비롯_기원 처음_ 우두머리 sam 쌈 함(含) 종(綜)/총(總) 생(生) 부분 (한 줌) 쌈-하다 쌓다 모으다 인위 인공 정련 닮을 사(似) same vi 비(우)다 멸(滅) 분할 비우다 낱낱이 쪼갬 풀/짚단을 ‘비/뷔/베다’ ‘베어서 더 이상 같지 않다’ → 비(非) “참빗 모양” 빛-줄기, 갈래갈래, 빗자루, 비(雨)-줄기...
  • 4. 기본형 풀이 의미 ati- 뛰어(넘다/구르다) ati_krānti 뛰어 굴른다 adhi- 아득히/지극히 ; above, over and above from above, from anu- 뒤따라 after, along, alongside antar- 안(內)_tar 안의 ; Latin inter ; Goth. undar apa- 앞/옆/엎(다) away(↔úpa), off(↔sam), back(↔pra), down(↔ut) abhi- 앞, ~에 대(對)하여 to, towards, into, over, upon ava- 아래 하(下), 아울러/두루 ā- ~(돌아와 여기)에, @ tatha_ā_ga_ta (그렇게 온) ā- 감탄사 아!
  • 5. ud- 욷>윗, 위 up upa- 옆 ni- 내리다, minus niḥ- 일어나다, 잃다. 일어나 떠나다 리(離). nir_vā_na 잃_바람, 불_되어 niś (s 뒤에 유성음이 오면 s→r , 무성음이 오면 s→ḥ) parā- 바라- 바(所 소) 피안(彼岸) 바라보다 pari- 팔(두루, fully) 두루, 둘레에, round, round about, fully pra- pre/pro- 뿌리-(최초로 기원_), 뿔-(나다) before/forward/forth prati- 근원적으로, 도로(되- re-) 도로 돌아서, 돌아서 면전에, 견고하게 vi- 비/베다, 빗줄기, 빗, 빛 갈래, 낱낱이, 비다: 다른 것, 아니다, 빗, 빗줄기, 빛: 갈래갈래, 낱낱이, 나누다, 분리하다 sam- ~을 싸다/쌈 ; 닮(게 하)다 = same ; 하나로 만들다, 함께 한다 ; 골라서 싼다 → 인공적/정련된 ; 사위를 삼다, 신을 삼다 산듯하다 [북한어] 1.기분이나 느낌이 조금 깨끗하고 시원하다. 쌈빡하다. 2.보기에 조금 시원스럽고 말쑥하다.
  • 6. Latin prepositions and other words ā, ~에 ab-, a-, abs-, as- <a-b-> ~에서 비롯/비(非)/분(分) → 벗어남, 밖 away from ~에로부터 /벗어나/탈 (奪, 脫) ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, a l-, ap-, ar-, at- <a-d-> 어디로_드_다, [읻]→입(入) at, to, toward, near 어디로/쪽, 어디서/소(所) ambo- ambi/am/amb- Both/둘 다/→양(兩), 양측, 아울러 ante-, anti- before ~한테, ~앞에→전(前) (공간적) ~이전(以前)→선(先) (시간적) bi-, bis- twice <twi- < *dwo- <dvi 두ᄫ이(二)
  • 7. circum around 주위/둘레/빙 돌아/두루 둥근 <구르다(roll) , 굴렁쇠/고리 환(環) cis- 지금 시(是) 여기 이곳(this side of) 근(近) opp. trans- or ultra- contrā contra-, contro- against, opposite to 구부러뜨려→거꾸로→거스를 역(逆), 반대로 <Skt. kut- 꾿→꼳→곶→곡 曲; [kuㅸ] 굽을/굽힐 cum/com/con-, co-, col-, cor- together, with 같이 함(含, 함께), 총(總), 종(綜), 통(統), 공(共) Latin com/con-, "conjunction/union/thoroughness/intensity/completeness" Greek syn←sun-, "with, together with, in company with"
  • 8. dē → de- 1) down from ~아래로 떨어져 2) 다(모두), 더욱/지극 dexter dextro- 덕(德) → 옳은→오른_손/쪽 right, to the right hand dis- apart, 별(別)_ 띠었/뗐_다 (공간상/시간상) 떨어져 따로
  • 9. ex, ē 외(外) out of, from within 외부, 밖 ex-, e-, ef- extrā outside extra-, extro- in 안 내(內) in, into/안으로/ in-, il-, im-, ir- īnfrā 이하(以下) below infra- inter 간(間) among ~가운데, between ~사이 inter-, intel- intrā within intra-, intro- iuxtā 이어진(멀리 떨어지지 않은) → 곁 → 접(接) beside juxta-
  • 10. multus 맗_>많은 → 만(萬, 滿) much, many multi- ne 범어 √ ni- [ 니]→아니_다 negative, minus... no ne-, neg- non not non- ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, o s-
  • 11. paene 뻔하다 → almost, nearly pen- 거의/대부분, 거반=거지반 (居之半)=거의 절반 가까이 per 벌-7 ‘일정한 테두리/한계를 벗어난’ → thorough, through per-, pel- ~을 통해/관통하여/통(通)과(過)- 펼/뻘/뻗다 공간적으로 벌어져-뻥-뚫린 통(通) → 지나치게 벌어/불어 과(過); 시간적 상황이 벌어져 → 경과(經過). 1) (through), 통(統) → 완(完) completely /perfect, 완성/완벽/완전_ 2) (during), 두루 변(邊)- /persevere <per- "very" + severus 세밀/꼼꼼_ "strict" 3) (by means of), (on account of), /percent <per centum "by the hundred" 4) (as in), <-빨> ~의 경우(에서)와 같이 as in a dream/a vision
  • 12. • Sanskrit cf. pa-, 바(所), 밖, 저쪽, 저기 피(彼) • para-, 바라(보다); 저기에 cf. 피안彼岸(해탈) vs. 차안此岸(현세) • pari- [바리바리] 두루 "around, about, through," • pura (뿌리, 뿔) 本/原, 先, 前 (before, formerly) • Avestan pairi- "around," paro "before;" Hittite para- "on, forth;" • Greek peri 변(邊)두리, 두루 "around, about, near, beyond," • paros, pro[앞으로] "before," • para, "병렬(竝列) from beside, beyond 저 너머,“ • Latin pro "before, for, on behalf of, instead of,“ porro 앞으로 "forward,“ • prae[뿌리] "before;" ☞ pre-, pri- • Old Eng. fore, 앞 전(前) in front of ; previously 이전(以前)에
  • 13. Post post-, after, behind 뒤 후(後) (공간적) 이후(以後) (시간적) → 차후(此後), future Prae pre-, before 앞 전(前) 이전(以前) Praeter by, past preter- Prō 아프로 앞으로 for, forth, in front of 면전(面前), 전방(前方) 사전(事前)→미리 pro-, pol-, por-, prod- Re- again <ㄱ → ㅈ> 재(再) back 배후로, 돌이켜←도로 re-, red- "back to the original place; again, anew, once more“ 뿌리로→본래(本來)/원래(原來) Retro backwards 반사/반향 retro-
  • 14. sē apart, without 제외(除外) se-, sed- sub 氐 저(低) 저(底) → 하(下) from below, under sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum- , sup-, sur-, sus- subter beneath subter- super <su_수(秀) + per-통(通)> 최(最) above, over super-, supra- suprā <수(秀)/수(首)_ + 뿔 角> above, more than trāns 뛰어건너/(가로)지르는, across trans-, tra-, tran- ultrā 초(超) <ul_위로 + trā_뛰/뜨_다> beyond ultra- ve- (낫으로) 비/베-다 → out ve-
  • 15. bi • "two, twice, double, doubly" • bi- ←<d 탈락>← Old Latin dvi- • Sanskrit dvi- “둘, 듀오(duo)” • PIE *dwo-, • Greek di-, • Old Eng. twi-
  • 16. cis- “이 시(是)” • "on the near side of, on this side,“ • <citra "on this side," • <PIE *ki-s “그 기(其)”, <*ko- "this" • of place, 이곳 • of time, 지금 • of life situations (such as cis-gender, 2011) • 시(是) : 이/이것, 여기/이곳 ; 옳음(것) ; • 도리(道理)에 합당(合當)함(not-trans)
  • 17. ob- • "toward, against, across, down," also used as an intensive, <PIE *epi/opi "near, against" • 1) 앞(으로) before, in front of, → to(ward), • 2) 업(up), <ober> → over , across • 3) 엎어 (뒤집어→반대) against, ex) offend • 4) 업어/입어→업보/이유 by reason of, about
  • 18. an- (1) privative prefix • "not, without," related to ne- (negative) • Sanskrit an- “않-”, Greek an-, • Latin in-, • Gothic and Old English un-.
  • 19. ana- • 1. 상(上) "upward," • 2. 환(換) "again, anew,“ • 3. 않→반(反) "back, backward, against,“ • Greek ana- “up to, toward 향 , 하나=으뜸 exceedingly, 반 back, against,“ <ana "up, on, upon, throughout, aga in," cognate with Old English on • PIE root *ano- [한→산→상(上)] "on, upon, above” • e.g. anatomy/토막 내서 위에 드러내기/→해부(解剖) • e.g. analogy, 비유(比喩/譬喩)/유비(類比)/유추(類推) <ana- + logos(ratio, word)>
  • 20. Greek apo, Latin ab • "from, away from; after; in descent from," in compounds, "from, asunder(산산이), a way, off; finishing, completing; ceasing fr om; back again,“ • PIE *apo-, • Sanskrit apa- • Latin ab, ~로부터 비롯, 비(베)어져/벗어나 • Old Eng. of "away from"
  • 21. advance <-d-삽입, 16c (ad-로 오인) • <avauncen<OF. avancier<abanteare<abante <ab- + ante(전 前, 선 先) • vt. promote → vi. move forward • v/n. 전진(前進)/진전(進展)/선불(금)- • advanced : 선진(先進)/고급(高級)/ • (발달 단계상 진전된)→후기(後期)의 • advancement : 진전/발전/진보 ; 승진/출세 • advantage 이점/장점 • <avantage <OF. avantage 유리(有利)
  • 22. eu- "good, well," • 수(秀), 선(善), 후(厚)→여유(餘裕) • <Gr. eus "good," eu "well", also "luckily, h appily“, opp. kakos, 각박(刻薄) • "the right 우, the good cause," "greatnes s, abundance, prosperity," (opp. dys-) • <PIE *(e)su- <Skr. su- 秀 ; Avest. hu- 厚
  • 23. dys- "bad, ill, abnormal" • Greek dys-, inseparable prefix "bad, hard, unlucky,“ "destroyi ng the good sense of a word or increasing its bad sense", • PIE root (and prefix) *dus- "bad, ill, evil“ • Sanskrit dus-, Old Persian duš- "ill,“ “(글러먹었다)텃다, [튿]→ 틀어진, (비)[뚣]→뚤어진, 돼질/뒤질/죽을” • Old Eng. to-, Old High Germ. zur-, Gothic tuz- "un-", <*deu - (1) 겨우<져우<뎌우, 쪼들리다, "to lack, be wanting"
  • 24. dis/dif/de- • 띠→떼(이)→떨어지다/결핍/반대/별리(別離) • 1) "lack of, not" (as in dishonest) • 2) "do the opposite of" (as in disallow); • 3) "apart, away" (as in discard)
  • 25. de- • 떨어져-밑에, 완전히(←바닥까지 떨어진) <Latin de, 전부 다, 지(至)극히 • 1) "down, down from, from, off, away, fro m among," • 2) "down to the bottom, totally" hence "c ompletely" (intensive or completive) • 3) concerning ~에 대(對)한
  • 26. re- • 원래[월래] 도로/되/뒤에 back; again 재(再) • <Indo-European *wret-, metathetical vari ant of *wert- "to turn" [Watkins] • prati → *wret/wert- →turn, [p ㅸ→w]
  • 27. inter- 간(間 사이) intro-, intra- 안쪽 • 안뜰 ← “안으로 터진 通” • <PIE *en-t(e)ro-, <*en 안(內) in • trans- (질러-뛰어 넘은) • <Skt. tr- + -ans(~한/은 형용접미사) • *tr ~가로지를/(배를)탈←뛸/뜰/달릴
  • 28. ex- 외(外)/가장자리 • "out of, from," but also "upwards, complet ely, deprive of, without," and "former“ • <Latin ex "out of, from within," • <PIE *eghs/~의 끝/가/외/ "out” • Often reduced to e- before -b-, -d-, -g-, consonantal -i(y)-, -l-, -m-, -n-, -v- • (폐쇄 제거[-x 탈락] → 유성역행동화)
  • 29. se- 제(除), 자(自) • 1) without, apart, aside, <PIE *sed- “시들다” • 2) on one's own 저/자기/자신, <extended f orm of root *s(w)e-, 자(自) ; 씨(氏, seed) • *pronoun of the third person and reflexiv e(source also of German sich; see idiom) • *Latin per se "by itself"
  • 30. English Prepositions • 문장에서 전치사가 무엇을 지시하는가? • 시간/공간(위치/방향)/상황(관계) 표시. • Relationship: (대)명사와 동사와의 관계. • Location • Direction • Time

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. post- <Latin. post "behind, after, afterward," <*posti, PIE *apo- [배(背)_ + _치(置)] → 등 뒤에 두다 *공간적으로 position을 배후→뒤에 두다(put, place), *시간적으로 비롯하여 앞→이후(以後)→future[후 後]→차후(此後)
  2. eulogy[|ju:lədƷi] 찬사(讚辭) <eu- "well" + -logia "speaking" euphoria[ju:|fɔ:riə] 행복감|다행증 <eu "well" + pherein "to carry"
  3. (as in elude, emerge, evaporate, etc.)
  4. secret : 비밀, “자신만이 분별하여 알아챌 수 있는, 별도의 것” <se- + cernere "separate".