In physics, a force is any interaction which tends to change the motion of an object.
In other words, a force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate.
Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or a pull.
A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F.
The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes with time.
If the mass of the object is constant, this law implies that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
As a formula, this is expressed as:
Related concepts to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque which produces changes in rotational speed of an object. In an extended body, each part usually applies forces on the adjacent parts; the distribution of such forces through the body is the so-called mechanical stress.
Pressure is a simple type of stress. Stress usually causes deformation of solid materials, or flow in fluids.
Aristotle famously described a force
this is my presentation of theory of machine subject. the topic of this presentation is static force analysis. In gujarat technological university mechanical engineering third year syllabus topic. there are many types of forces described in this ppt. and examples and domestic use.
This document outlines the course CM 154 Statics of Rigid Bodies taught by Dr. Kofi Agyekum. It will cover topics related to engineering mechanics including types of force systems, resolution of forces, and determining the resultant of concurrent coplanar forces using various methods like the triangle law and parallelogram law. Students will learn to analyze rigid bodies that are either at rest or in static equilibrium by applying the principles of static equilibrium. Recommended textbooks are also listed.
Engineering mechanics deals with the study of forces and their effects on bodies at rest or in motion. It is divided into statics, which studies forces on bodies at rest, and dynamics, which studies forces on bodies in motion. Applied mechanics is further divided into kinetics, which considers forces and motion, and kinematics, which considers motion alone. Mechanics uses concepts like forces, moments, equilibrium, and motion. Forces are described by their magnitude, direction, line of action, and point of application. Systems of forces include concurrent, coplanar, and collinear forces. The graphical and analytical methods can be used to determine the resultant of a system of forces, including the triangle law, polygon law, and resolution of forces.
Have a data in the form of required information in descriptive form.And learn to know how newtons's laws of motion are applicable in different phenomena-----------------------------'--'---'---'''''''-----------------------------------
- The document discusses Newton's laws of motion and forces.
- Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net force. The second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. The third law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
- A force is defined as an interaction between two bodies or a body and its environment. Forces can be contact forces like normal forces or long-range forces like gravity. Forces are represented as vectors with magnitude and direction.
This document discusses the concept of forces in physics. It defines a force as a push or pull on an object and explains that forces are vectors that have both magnitude and direction. There are four main forces in nature: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. Dynamics and statics are introduced as areas of study related to forces and motion. Newton's three laws of motion are outlined. Common ways of measuring mass and examples of force problems are provided, including free body diagrams, friction, inclined planes, and pulleys.
This document provides definitions and explanations of basic biomechanical concepts including:
- Mass is the quantity of matter an object contains and is measured in kilograms. Weight is the force exerted on a surface due to gravity and is measured in kilograms-force.
- A force can produce movement or deformation and is measured in Newtons. Newton's laws of motion describe how objects interact under various forces.
- The centre of gravity is the point where total mass of an object is considered to be concentrated. An object's stability depends on the position of its centre of gravity relative to its base of support.
- Forces can be analyzed using graphical methods like the parallelogram and triangle methods
engineering mechanics - statics and dynamicsVelmuruganV15
This document provides an overview of the Engineering Mechanics course 19GES28. It covers topics that will be discussed in each unit, including basics and statics of particles, equilibrium of rigid bodies, properties of surfaces and solids, and friction and dynamics of rigid bodies. Key concepts that will be examined include Newton's laws of motion, equilibrium conditions, moments and couples, area and volume calculations, and frictional forces. The course aims to apply principles of mechanics to solve common engineering problems.
this is my presentation of theory of machine subject. the topic of this presentation is static force analysis. In gujarat technological university mechanical engineering third year syllabus topic. there are many types of forces described in this ppt. and examples and domestic use.
This document outlines the course CM 154 Statics of Rigid Bodies taught by Dr. Kofi Agyekum. It will cover topics related to engineering mechanics including types of force systems, resolution of forces, and determining the resultant of concurrent coplanar forces using various methods like the triangle law and parallelogram law. Students will learn to analyze rigid bodies that are either at rest or in static equilibrium by applying the principles of static equilibrium. Recommended textbooks are also listed.
Engineering mechanics deals with the study of forces and their effects on bodies at rest or in motion. It is divided into statics, which studies forces on bodies at rest, and dynamics, which studies forces on bodies in motion. Applied mechanics is further divided into kinetics, which considers forces and motion, and kinematics, which considers motion alone. Mechanics uses concepts like forces, moments, equilibrium, and motion. Forces are described by their magnitude, direction, line of action, and point of application. Systems of forces include concurrent, coplanar, and collinear forces. The graphical and analytical methods can be used to determine the resultant of a system of forces, including the triangle law, polygon law, and resolution of forces.
Have a data in the form of required information in descriptive form.And learn to know how newtons's laws of motion are applicable in different phenomena-----------------------------'--'---'---'''''''-----------------------------------
- The document discusses Newton's laws of motion and forces.
- Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net force. The second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration. The third law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
- A force is defined as an interaction between two bodies or a body and its environment. Forces can be contact forces like normal forces or long-range forces like gravity. Forces are represented as vectors with magnitude and direction.
This document discusses the concept of forces in physics. It defines a force as a push or pull on an object and explains that forces are vectors that have both magnitude and direction. There are four main forces in nature: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. Dynamics and statics are introduced as areas of study related to forces and motion. Newton's three laws of motion are outlined. Common ways of measuring mass and examples of force problems are provided, including free body diagrams, friction, inclined planes, and pulleys.
This document provides definitions and explanations of basic biomechanical concepts including:
- Mass is the quantity of matter an object contains and is measured in kilograms. Weight is the force exerted on a surface due to gravity and is measured in kilograms-force.
- A force can produce movement or deformation and is measured in Newtons. Newton's laws of motion describe how objects interact under various forces.
- The centre of gravity is the point where total mass of an object is considered to be concentrated. An object's stability depends on the position of its centre of gravity relative to its base of support.
- Forces can be analyzed using graphical methods like the parallelogram and triangle methods
engineering mechanics - statics and dynamicsVelmuruganV15
This document provides an overview of the Engineering Mechanics course 19GES28. It covers topics that will be discussed in each unit, including basics and statics of particles, equilibrium of rigid bodies, properties of surfaces and solids, and friction and dynamics of rigid bodies. Key concepts that will be examined include Newton's laws of motion, equilibrium conditions, moments and couples, area and volume calculations, and frictional forces. The course aims to apply principles of mechanics to solve common engineering problems.
This document discusses various topics in mechanics including:
- Mechanics deals with forces and their effects on bodies at rest or in motion. It includes statics, dynamics, and the mechanics of rigid and deformable bodies.
- Forces can be analyzed using concepts such as free body diagrams, components, resultants, and equilibrium conditions. Friction and trusses are also analyzed.
- Kinematics examines the motion of particles and rigid bodies without considering forces. It relates time, position, velocity, and acceleration. Dynamics analyzes forces and acceleration using concepts like work, energy, impulse, and momentum.
This problem involves finding the resultant force and tensions in ropes when a barge is pulled by two tug boats. The resultant force exerted by the boats is 25 kN directed along the axis of the barge. When the angle between the ropes (α) is 45°, the tension in each rope is calculated using the triangle law of forces. The minimum tension in rope BC occurs when α is 60°, as determined by taking the derivative of the tension equation and setting it equal to zero.
The document discusses concepts related to analyzing force systems, including:
- Idealization of systems and principles like superposition and transmissibility
- Resolution and composition of concurrent and non-concurrent coplanar force systems
- Moment of forces, couple, and Varignon's theorem
- Free body diagrams and equations of equilibrium for analyzing force systems
This document provides an introduction to applied mechanics. It discusses key topics including statics, dynamics, forces, moments, and equilibrium. Statics deals with bodies at rest under the influence of forces, while dynamics examines forces on moving bodies. Key concepts covered include rigid bodies, physical quantities, types of forces, characteristics of forces, force systems, methods of resolving forces, and laws of forces such as the triangle law and parallelogram law. The document also discusses free body diagrams, equilibrant forces, Lami's theorem, moments of forces, and Varignon's theorem.
Mechanics is the physical science concerned with the behavior of bodies acted upon by forces. It has two main branches: statics, which deals with bodies at rest or in equilibrium, and dynamics, which deals with bodies in motion. Dynamics is divided into kinematics, which considers motion without forces, and kinetics, which considers motion with forces. Mechanics studies rigid and deformable bodies, as well as fluids. Forces can be analyzed using concepts such as components, resultants, and force systems.
Dynamic force analysis – Inertia force and Inertia torque– D Alembert’s principle –Dynamic Analysis in reciprocating engines – Gas forces – Inertia effect of connecting rod– Bearing loads – Crank shaft torque
This document discusses statics concepts including forces, laws of forces, resolution of forces, moments and couples of forces, and conditions for equilibrium. It provides examples and problems involving determining resultant forces, reactions, and friction forces for systems in equilibrium, including ladders, beams with hanging masses, and objects on inclined planes. Key concepts covered are the parallelogram law, triangle law, Lami's theorem, and conditions that forces and moments must balance for a body to be in equilibrium.
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1. Resolve each force into horizontal and vertical components.
2. Take the algebraic sum of the horizontal components to get the horizontal component (Fx) of the resultant.
3. Take the algebraic sum of the vertical components to get the vertical component (Fy) of the resultant.
4. Use the equations:
Resultant (R) = √(Fx)2 + (Fy)2
tan(θ) = Fy/Fx
to find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
5. Use Varignon's theorem to locate the position of the resultant from point O.
By going through these steps, we find
1. Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between the forces acting on an object and its motion. 2. The first law states that an object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 3. The second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the direction of the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
There are several types of common forces in mechanics. Contact forces require direct contact between objects and include tension, friction, spring forces, and drag forces. Friction includes static, kinetic, and rolling varieties. Non-contact forces act at a distance and include gravitational and electromagnetic forces. Pseudo forces do not exist physically but arise due to perspective in accelerated frames of reference. Understanding these various forces is essential for mechanics problems.
Diploma i em u iii concept of moment & frictionRai University
This document discusses concepts of moment, friction, and their applications in engineering mechanics. It defines moment as the perpendicular distance from a point to a line or surface, and explains that a moment of force is the product of the distance of a force from an axis times the magnitude of the force. It also discusses Varignon's theorem, the principle of moments, parallel forces, torque, and conditions for equilibrium under forces. The document then defines friction and the laws of friction, limiting friction, and sliding friction. It provides examples of how these concepts are applied in areas like transportation and measurement.
Force can cause changes in the motion of objects, including changes in speed, direction, and shape. Balanced forces have equal magnitudes acting in opposite directions, causing no change in motion. Unbalanced forces have unequal magnitudes and can change an object's motion. Newton's three laws of motion describe how forces affect the motion of objects. The first law states that objects in motion stay in motion and objects at rest stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Momentum is also conserved in interactions between objects.
This document provides an overview of forces and Newton's laws of motion. It describes different types of forces including tension, normal reaction, drag, upthrust, and frictional forces. It explains Newton's three laws of motion and how unbalanced forces cause acceleration. Key concepts covered are force, inertia, equilibrium, and free-body diagrams. Applications include problems involving solid friction.
1. The document discusses concepts related to engineering mechanics and strength of materials including force, force systems, equations of equilibrium, free body diagrams, and laws of forces.
2. Key topics covered include defining force as a vector quantity, types of forces and force systems, using scalar equations to represent equilibrium conditions, drawing free body diagrams to isolate external forces, and laws of forces including the parallelogram and triangle laws.
3. Engineering mechanics concepts are presented including stress, strain, elasticity, bending moments, shear forces, buckling, and material properties.
Forces can be described as any influence that causes an object to change its movement, direction or shape. A force is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. The fundamental types of forces are gravity, electromagnetic forces, nuclear forces, and contact forces like normal force, friction, tension etc. Forces always occur in pairs as an action-reaction pair according to Newton's third law. Equilibrium occurs when the vector sum of all forces acting on a body is zero. Forces can be resolved into orthogonal components to simplify the calculation of their resultant using trigonometric relationships.
This document discusses key concepts in engineering mechanics including units, dimensions, Newton's laws of motion, and vector representations of forces. It covers topics like the parallelogram law, triangle law, vector operations of addition, subtraction, dot and cross products. It also discusses concepts like coplanar forces, rectangular components, particle equilibrium, equivalent force systems, and the principle of transmissibility.
Forces are interactions that can cause changes in an object's motion. A force is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Force diagrams use arrows to represent force vectors and their directions. Free-body diagrams isolate a single object and show only the forces acting on that object, ignoring external interactions. Understanding forces through force and free-body diagrams helps analyze situations involving changes to objects' motion, such as collisions.
First-year BPO - Biomechanics. here are the essential notes required to understand basic biomechanics regarding the human body and the forces acting on it.
1. The document discusses the analysis of forces and torques acting on mechanisms and machines. It covers topics like static force analysis, equilibrium of two and three force members, and determination of reaction forces and torques.
2. Key concepts discussed include Newton's laws of motion, types of common forces like applied, reaction and friction forces, and the use of free body diagrams and vector methods to analyze mechanisms.
3. The goal of force analysis is to determine the forces transmitted through a machine to enable proper strength design of components. Both graphical and analytical methods are described.
This document provides an overview of dynamics of machines including:
1. It defines force, applied force, constraint forces, and types of constrained motions like completely, incompletely, and successfully constrained motions.
2. It discusses static force analysis, dynamic force analysis, and conditions for static and dynamic equilibrium.
3. It covers concepts like inertia, inertia force, inertia torque, D'Alembert's principle, and principle of superposition.
4. It derives expressions for forces acting on the reciprocating parts of an engine while neglecting the weight of the connecting rod.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
This document discusses various topics in mechanics including:
- Mechanics deals with forces and their effects on bodies at rest or in motion. It includes statics, dynamics, and the mechanics of rigid and deformable bodies.
- Forces can be analyzed using concepts such as free body diagrams, components, resultants, and equilibrium conditions. Friction and trusses are also analyzed.
- Kinematics examines the motion of particles and rigid bodies without considering forces. It relates time, position, velocity, and acceleration. Dynamics analyzes forces and acceleration using concepts like work, energy, impulse, and momentum.
This problem involves finding the resultant force and tensions in ropes when a barge is pulled by two tug boats. The resultant force exerted by the boats is 25 kN directed along the axis of the barge. When the angle between the ropes (α) is 45°, the tension in each rope is calculated using the triangle law of forces. The minimum tension in rope BC occurs when α is 60°, as determined by taking the derivative of the tension equation and setting it equal to zero.
The document discusses concepts related to analyzing force systems, including:
- Idealization of systems and principles like superposition and transmissibility
- Resolution and composition of concurrent and non-concurrent coplanar force systems
- Moment of forces, couple, and Varignon's theorem
- Free body diagrams and equations of equilibrium for analyzing force systems
This document provides an introduction to applied mechanics. It discusses key topics including statics, dynamics, forces, moments, and equilibrium. Statics deals with bodies at rest under the influence of forces, while dynamics examines forces on moving bodies. Key concepts covered include rigid bodies, physical quantities, types of forces, characteristics of forces, force systems, methods of resolving forces, and laws of forces such as the triangle law and parallelogram law. The document also discusses free body diagrams, equilibrant forces, Lami's theorem, moments of forces, and Varignon's theorem.
Mechanics is the physical science concerned with the behavior of bodies acted upon by forces. It has two main branches: statics, which deals with bodies at rest or in equilibrium, and dynamics, which deals with bodies in motion. Dynamics is divided into kinematics, which considers motion without forces, and kinetics, which considers motion with forces. Mechanics studies rigid and deformable bodies, as well as fluids. Forces can be analyzed using concepts such as components, resultants, and force systems.
Dynamic force analysis – Inertia force and Inertia torque– D Alembert’s principle –Dynamic Analysis in reciprocating engines – Gas forces – Inertia effect of connecting rod– Bearing loads – Crank shaft torque
This document discusses statics concepts including forces, laws of forces, resolution of forces, moments and couples of forces, and conditions for equilibrium. It provides examples and problems involving determining resultant forces, reactions, and friction forces for systems in equilibrium, including ladders, beams with hanging masses, and objects on inclined planes. Key concepts covered are the parallelogram law, triangle law, Lami's theorem, and conditions that forces and moments must balance for a body to be in equilibrium.
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1. Resolve each force into horizontal and vertical components.
2. Take the algebraic sum of the horizontal components to get the horizontal component (Fx) of the resultant.
3. Take the algebraic sum of the vertical components to get the vertical component (Fy) of the resultant.
4. Use the equations:
Resultant (R) = √(Fx)2 + (Fy)2
tan(θ) = Fy/Fx
to find the magnitude and direction of the resultant.
5. Use Varignon's theorem to locate the position of the resultant from point O.
By going through these steps, we find
1. Newton's laws of motion describe the relationship between the forces acting on an object and its motion. 2. The first law states that an object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 3. The second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the direction of the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
There are several types of common forces in mechanics. Contact forces require direct contact between objects and include tension, friction, spring forces, and drag forces. Friction includes static, kinetic, and rolling varieties. Non-contact forces act at a distance and include gravitational and electromagnetic forces. Pseudo forces do not exist physically but arise due to perspective in accelerated frames of reference. Understanding these various forces is essential for mechanics problems.
Diploma i em u iii concept of moment & frictionRai University
This document discusses concepts of moment, friction, and their applications in engineering mechanics. It defines moment as the perpendicular distance from a point to a line or surface, and explains that a moment of force is the product of the distance of a force from an axis times the magnitude of the force. It also discusses Varignon's theorem, the principle of moments, parallel forces, torque, and conditions for equilibrium under forces. The document then defines friction and the laws of friction, limiting friction, and sliding friction. It provides examples of how these concepts are applied in areas like transportation and measurement.
Force can cause changes in the motion of objects, including changes in speed, direction, and shape. Balanced forces have equal magnitudes acting in opposite directions, causing no change in motion. Unbalanced forces have unequal magnitudes and can change an object's motion. Newton's three laws of motion describe how forces affect the motion of objects. The first law states that objects in motion stay in motion and objects at rest stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. The third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Momentum is also conserved in interactions between objects.
This document provides an overview of forces and Newton's laws of motion. It describes different types of forces including tension, normal reaction, drag, upthrust, and frictional forces. It explains Newton's three laws of motion and how unbalanced forces cause acceleration. Key concepts covered are force, inertia, equilibrium, and free-body diagrams. Applications include problems involving solid friction.
1. The document discusses concepts related to engineering mechanics and strength of materials including force, force systems, equations of equilibrium, free body diagrams, and laws of forces.
2. Key topics covered include defining force as a vector quantity, types of forces and force systems, using scalar equations to represent equilibrium conditions, drawing free body diagrams to isolate external forces, and laws of forces including the parallelogram and triangle laws.
3. Engineering mechanics concepts are presented including stress, strain, elasticity, bending moments, shear forces, buckling, and material properties.
Forces can be described as any influence that causes an object to change its movement, direction or shape. A force is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. The fundamental types of forces are gravity, electromagnetic forces, nuclear forces, and contact forces like normal force, friction, tension etc. Forces always occur in pairs as an action-reaction pair according to Newton's third law. Equilibrium occurs when the vector sum of all forces acting on a body is zero. Forces can be resolved into orthogonal components to simplify the calculation of their resultant using trigonometric relationships.
This document discusses key concepts in engineering mechanics including units, dimensions, Newton's laws of motion, and vector representations of forces. It covers topics like the parallelogram law, triangle law, vector operations of addition, subtraction, dot and cross products. It also discusses concepts like coplanar forces, rectangular components, particle equilibrium, equivalent force systems, and the principle of transmissibility.
Forces are interactions that can cause changes in an object's motion. A force is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Force diagrams use arrows to represent force vectors and their directions. Free-body diagrams isolate a single object and show only the forces acting on that object, ignoring external interactions. Understanding forces through force and free-body diagrams helps analyze situations involving changes to objects' motion, such as collisions.
First-year BPO - Biomechanics. here are the essential notes required to understand basic biomechanics regarding the human body and the forces acting on it.
1. The document discusses the analysis of forces and torques acting on mechanisms and machines. It covers topics like static force analysis, equilibrium of two and three force members, and determination of reaction forces and torques.
2. Key concepts discussed include Newton's laws of motion, types of common forces like applied, reaction and friction forces, and the use of free body diagrams and vector methods to analyze mechanisms.
3. The goal of force analysis is to determine the forces transmitted through a machine to enable proper strength design of components. Both graphical and analytical methods are described.
This document provides an overview of dynamics of machines including:
1. It defines force, applied force, constraint forces, and types of constrained motions like completely, incompletely, and successfully constrained motions.
2. It discusses static force analysis, dynamic force analysis, and conditions for static and dynamic equilibrium.
3. It covers concepts like inertia, inertia force, inertia torque, D'Alembert's principle, and principle of superposition.
4. It derives expressions for forces acting on the reciprocating parts of an engine while neglecting the weight of the connecting rod.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. Basics
In physics, a force is any interaction which tends to change the motion of an
object.
In other words, a force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity
(which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate.
Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or a pull.
A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is
measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F.
The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon
an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes with time.
If the mass of the object is constant, this law implies that the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the
direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.
As a formula, this is expressed as:
Related concepts to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an
object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque which
produces changes in rotational speed of an object. In an extended body, each
part usually applies forces on the adjacent parts; the distribution of such forces
through the body is the so-called mechanical stress.
Pressure is a simple type of stress. Stress usually causes deformation of solid
materials, or flow in fluids.
Aristotle famously described a force as anything that causes an object to
undergo "unnatural motion"
3. Types of Forces
There are different types of forces that act in different ways on structures such
as bridges, chairs, buildings, in fact any structure.
The main examples of forces are shown below. Study the diagram and text and
then draw a diagram/pictogram to represent each of these forces.
A Static Load : A good example of this is a person seen on the left. He is holding
a stack of books on his back but he is not moving. The force downwards is
STATIC.
A Dynamic Load : A good example of a dynamic load is the person on the right.
He is carrying a weight of books but walking. The force is moving or DYNAMIC.
Internal Resistance : The person in the diagram is sat on the mono-bicycle and
the air filled tyre is under great pressure. The air pressure inside it pushes back
against his/her weight.
4. Types of Forces
4
Tension : The rope is in “tension” as the two people pull on it.
This stretching puts the rope in tension.
Compression : The weight lifter finds that his body is
compressed by the weights he is holding above his head.
Shear Force : A good example of shear force is seen with a
simple scissors. The two handles put force in different
directions on the pin that holds the two parts together. The
force applied to the pin is called shear force.
Torsion : The plastic ruler is twisted between both hands. The
ruler is said to be in a state of torsion.
5. Moment of Inertia
Moment of inertia is the mass property of a rigid body that determines the
torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about an axis of rotation.
Moment of inertia depends on the shape of the body and may be different
around different axes of rotation. A larger moment of inertia around a
given axis requires more torque to increase the rotation, or to stop the
rotation, of a body about that axis.
Moment of inertia depends on the amount and distribution of its mass,
and can be found through the sum of moments of inertia of the masses
making up the whole object, under the same conditions.
For example, if ma + mb = mc, then Ia + Ib = Ic.
In classical mechanics, moment of inertia may also be called mass
moment of inertia, rotational inertia, polar moment of inertia, or the
angular mass.
When a body is rotating around an axis, a torque must be applied to
change its angular momentum. The amount of torque needed for any given
change in angular momentum is proportional to the size of that change.
Moment of inertia may be expressed in terms of kilogram-square metres
(kg·m2) in SI units and pound-square feet (lbm·ft2) in imperial or US units.
6. INTRODUCTION
Inertia force is an imaginary force, which when
acted upon rigid body to brings it into equilibrium
position. Here magnitude is equal to acceleration
but opposite in direction.
FI = - ma
• Where, m = mass of rigid body
• , a = linear acceleration
7. INTRODUCTION
The inertia force arises due to mass of the
rotating or reciprocating parts of a machine.
If the magnitude of inertia force is negligible as
compared to other externally force or load and
hence it is neglected and the analysis as
compared of mechanism is called as STATIC
FORCE ANALYSIS.
8. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW
Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of
motion unless an external force is applied to it.
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the
mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force
needed (to accelerate the object).
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in
direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object
it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.
9. Newton’s Law
Newton’s first two laws can be summarized by the
following equilibrium
Σ Fij= mj aGj
Which is called the equation of motion of a body j.
10. APPLIED AND CONSTRAINT
FORCES
A pair of actions and reaction forces which
constrain two connected bodies to behave in a
particular manner depending upon the nature of
connection are known as constraint forces.
Whereas forces acting from outside on a system
of bodies are called applied force.
11. APPLIED AND CONSTRAINT FORCES
CONSTRAINT FORCES
As the constraint forces at a mechanical occur in
pairs. They have no net force effect on the system of
bodies. However, for an individual body isolated from
the system. Only one of each pair of constraint force
has to be considered.
APPLIED FORCE
Usually, these forces are applied through direct
physical or mechanical contact. However, forces like
electric, magnetic and gravitational are applied
without actual physical contact.
12. FREE BODY DIAGRAM
A free body diagram is a sketch or diagram of a part
isolated from the mechanism in order to determine the
nature of forces acting on it.
Figure (a) shows a four-link mechanism.
• The free-body diagrams of its members 2, 3 and 4 are
shown in Figs.
(b), (c) and (d) respectively.
• Various forces acting on each member are also shown.
• As the mechanism is in static equilibrium, each of its
members must
be in equilibrium individually.
13. (a) Four bar chain mechanism
(b) F.B.D of four bar mechanism
(c) Slider crank mechanism (b) F.B.D of slider crank mechanism
14. EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS
STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
A body is in static equilibrium if it remains in
its state of rest or motion. If the body is at
rest, it tends to remain at rest and if in
motion, it tends to keep the motion.
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
If body in motion, it tends to keep in motion.
It simply that the velocity do exist but
remain constant that system in dynamic
equilibrium
15. EQUILIBRIUM OF 2,3 FORCE
SYSTEM
A member under the action of two forces will be
in equilibrium if
– the forces are of the same magnitude,
– the forces act along the same line, and
– the forces are in opposite directions.
Figure shows such a member.
• A member under the action of three forces will
be in equilibrium if
– the resultant of the forces is zero, and
– the lines of action of the forces intersect at a
point (known as point of concurrency).
16. EQUILIBRIUM OF TWO AND THREE-FORCE MEMBERS
Figure (a) shows a member acted upon by three forces F1,
F2 and F3 and is in equilibrium as the lines of action of
forces intersect at one point O and the resultant is zero.
• This is verified by adding the forces vectorially [Fig.(b)].
• As the head of the last vector F3 meets the tail of the first
vector F1, the resultant is zero.
• Figure (d) shows a case where the magnitudes and
directions of the forces are the same as before, but the lines
of action of the forces do not intersect at one point.
• Thus, the member is not in equilibrium.
17. EQUILIBRIUM OF TWO AND THREE-FORCE MEMBERS
Consider a member in equilibrium in which force F1 is
completely known, F2 known in direction only and F3
completely unknown.
• The point of applications of F1 , F2 and F3 are A, B and C
respectively.
• To solve such a problem, first find the point of concurrency O
from the two forces with known directions, i.e. from F1, and
F2.
• Joining O with C gives the line of action of the third force F3.
• To know the magnitudes of the forces F2 and F3, take a
vector of proper magnitude and direction to represent the force
F1.
• From its two ends, draw lines parallel to lines of action of the
forces F2 and F3 forming a force triangle [Fig.].
• Mark arrowheads on F2 and F3 so that F1 , F2 and F3 are in
the same order.
18. Dynamic Force Analysis
Dynamic forces are associated with accelerating masses. In situations where dynamic forces are dominant or
comparable with magnitudes of external forces and operating speeds are high, dynamic analysis has to be carried
out.
D’ Alembert’s Principle: The inertia forces and couples and the external forces and torques on a body
together give statical equilibrium.
Inertia is a property of matter by virtue of which a body resists any change in velocity.
Inertia force Fi = −ma
Where m = mass of body, a = acceleration of center of mass of the body.
Negative sign indicates that the force acts in the opposite direction to that of acceleration.
Dynamic Analysis of Four bar Mechanism:
A four-bar linkage or simply a 4-bar or four-bar is the simplest movable linkage. It consists of four rigid bodies
(called bars or links), each attached to two others by single joints or pivots to form closed loop. Four-bars are
simple mechanisms common in mechanical engineering machine design and fall under the study of kinematics.
♦ Dynamic Analysis of Reciprocating engines.
♦ Inertia force and torque analysis by neglecting weight of connecting rod.
♦ Velocity and acceleration of piston.
♦ Angular velocity and Angular acceleration of connecting rod.
♦ Force and Torque Analysis in reciprocating engine neglecting the weight of connecting rod.
♦ Equivalent Dynamical System
♦ Determination of two masses of equivalent dynamical system
19. Force Analysis
Principle of Super Position:
Sometimes the number of external forces and inertial
forces acting on a mechanism are too much for
graphical solution. In this case we apply the method
of superposition. Using superposition the entire
system is broken up into (n) problems, where n is the
number of forces,by considering the external and
inertial forces of each link individually. Response of a
linear
system to several forces acting simultaneously is
equal to the sum of responses of the system to the
forces individually. This approach is useful because it
can be performed by graphically.