This document discusses various applications of diodes including load line analysis, half wave and full wave rectification, clipping, clamping, and Zener diodes. It provides examples of how to analyze diode circuits including series, parallel and bridge configurations. Practical applications of diodes discussed include inductor bypassing, battery backup protection, polarity detection, and voltage regulation. Circuit diagrams and equations are presented to analyze diode characteristics and behavior in different circuit configurations.

1. 2.0 Diode Applications 1 of 31
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Load-Line Analysis

2. 2.0 Diode Applications 2 of 31
Drawing the load line and finding the point of operation.
Drawing the load line.
1) Redraw the circuit with the diode on the right.
2) Remove the diode and find a couple of points on the curve of VD vs. ID.
Convenient points are, the current when VD = 0 and the voltage when ID = 0.
Draw the line connecting these two points and note the voltage on the horizontal axis.
Note the intersection point.
VD VR

3. 2.0 Diode Applications 3 of 31
Example 2.1
VD = 0.7

4. 2.0 Diode Applications 4 of 31
2.3 Diode Approximations
Series Diode Configurations with DC Inputs
(a) Circuit; (b) characteristics
Silicon 0.7
Germanium 0.3
Series Diode Configurations.
Circuit for Example 2.11.

5. 2.0 Diode Applications 5 of 31
2.5 Parallel and Series-Parallel Configuations
Two diodes sharing the load current.

6. 2.0 Diode Applications 6 of 31
Network for Example 2.15.

7. 2.0 Diode Applications 7 of 31
2.6 AND/OR Gates
OR gate

8. 2.0 Diode Applications 8 of 31
AND Gate

9. 2.0 Diode Applications 9 of 31
2.7 Sinusoidal Inputs: Half-Wave Rectification
Conduction region (0→T/2).

10. 2.0 Diode Applications 10 of 31
Average voltage output
Vavg ≈ 0.318(Vm - VT )
Effect of VT on half-wave rectified signal.
Silicon diode, VT = 0.7
Vavg ≈ 0.318(Vm - VT )

11. 2.0 Diode Applications 11 of 31
2.8 Full-Wave Recification

12. 2.0 Diode Applications 12 of 31
Conduction path for the positive region of vi.
Conduction path for the negative region of vi.
Input and output waveforms for a full-wave rectifier.
Vavg ≈ 0.636Vm Vavg ≈ 0.636(Vm - VT )

13. 2.0 Diode Applications 13 of 31
Center-tapped transformer full-wave rectifier.
Network conditions for the positive region of vi.

14. 2.0 Diode Applications 14 of 31
Network conditions for the negative region of vi.

15. 2.0 Diode Applications 15 of 31
Bridge network for Example 2.19.

16. 2.0 Diode Applications 16 of 31
Network of Fig. 2-65 for the positive region of vi.

17. 2.0 Diode Applications 17 of 31
Redrawn network of Fig. 2-66.

18. 2.0 Diode Applications 18 of 31
2.9 Clipper

19. 2.0 Diode Applications 19 of 31
Series clipper with a dc supply.

20. 2.0 Diode Applications 20 of 31
Example 2.20

21. 2.0 Diode Applications 21 of 31
Response to a parallel clipper.

22. 2.0 Diode Applications 22 of 31
Example 2.22.

23. 2.0 Diode Applications 23 of 31
2.9 Clamp

24. 2.0 Diode Applications 24 of 31
Applied signal and network for Example 2.24.

25. 2.0 Diode Applications 25 of 31
2.11 Zener Diode

26. 2.0 Diode Applications 26 of 31
Example 2.26

27. 2.0 Diode Applications 27 of 31
The output voltage across the Zener is Vz.
The minimum value of R Lmin is given by the equation,
RLmin
Vz Vi.
R RLmin
R
RLmin Vz.
Vi Vz
Now to find the maximum value of RL. As the value of RL is
increased the current through the Zener is increased.
Izm IR IRLmin
Vz
IRLmin
RLmax
Vz
Izm IR
RLmax
Vz
RLmax
IR Izm
Vz
RLmax
Vi Vz
Izm
R

28. 2.0 Diode Applications 28 of 31
2.12 Voltage-Multiplier Circuits
Voltage Doubler
Half-wave doubler

29. 2.0 Diode Applications 29 of 31
Voltage Tripler

30. 2.0 Diode Applications 30 of 31
2.13Practical Applications
Inductor bypass with diode

31. 2.0 Diode Applications 31 of 31
Protection using diodes
Battery backup
Polarity detector
Voltage reference levels
AC regulator & square-wave generator