batteries

1. Present and Future Research Directions in Battery
Technology
1

2. Why Is It Important in Greater Scheme of Things
3
Global
warming
Limited
resources
Result:
Unsustainable
life
Climate
change
Leading to

3. 3
Renewable Energy; Where do we stand?

4. Batteries; Importance
6
1. Solar 2. Geothermal 3. Wind 4. Battery
1
2
3
4
Intermittent

5. 5
Nature volume 451, pages652–657 (2008)
Historical Background; and Current Status

6. 6
Batteries; Importance and Future Demands
Cylindrical
battery
Pouch battery Stacked battery
Coin cells
Battery Configurations

7. Batteries; Importance and Future Demands
10
Increasing energy
demand, need
quick action
European Technology and Innovation Platform Report
2020
Nature Energy 2021, 6, 123–134

8. Cross Cutting Skills of Battery Research
8

9. 9
Battery Chemistry; Major Components

10. 10
Batteries-Major Challenges

11. 11
Batteries-Simplified Version
Electrodes
Separator Electrolyte

12. Current Research Direction-Electrode Engineering
Scientific Reports volume 6, Article number: 26382 (2016)
Science Advances 2019, 5, 5, eaav7412
12

13. Current Research Direction-Electrode Engineering
J Am Chem Soc 5 (133) (2011) 1165-7
High
Capacity
Longer
Cyclic Life
Easy to
synthesize Strict control
over
structure
and
morphology
Science Advances 2019, 5, 5, eaav7412
13

14. 14
Current Research Direction-Electrode Engineering

15. Future Research Directions-Solid State Batteries
15

16. 16
High Ionic
Conductivity
Easy to
Control
Narrow Voltage
Window
Flammable
E=1/2 C*V2
Safer
Liquid Electrolytes Solid Electrolytes
No
Separator
Faster
Charging
Wider Voltage
Window
Poor Ionic
Conductivity
Smaller
Electrode/Ele
ctrolyte
Interface
Future Research Directions-Solid State Batteries

17. 17
Research Direction-Solid State Batteries

18. Research Direction-Solid State Batteries
18

19. Research Direction-Metal Batteries
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Capacity
(mAh/g)
Commercial
Li
anode
Li
metal
anode
Carbon
anode
for
sodium
Sodium
metal
anode
Use metals
without any
host material
Direct
utilization
allows higher
charge
storage
Can triple the
performance
Direct
utilization
allows higher
charge
storage
Can triple the
performance
19

20. Research Direction-Metal Anodes
Li metal capacity ~3800 mAh/g
Li ion capacity in graphite~372 mAh/g
20

21. Research Direction-Solid State Batteries
21

22. Metal Batteries-Major Challenges
22
• Continuous dissolution
• Inhomogeneous plating
• Short circuiting

23. Metal Anodes; Interface Engineering
26
Current collector/ metal interface
Cu, Al are typically used
M+ + e-
metal
DG
DGNucleation
Increasing h
Current
collector

24. Metal Anodes; Interface Engineering, Electrode/Electrolyte
27
metal/electrolyte interface
SEI
metal
Current collector
Unstable
SEI
High
reactivity
Exposure
of fresh
metal
Dendrite
growth
Volume
changes
Breaking
of dead
sodium

25. Metal Anodes; Solutions?
27
metal/electrolyte interface
SEI
metal
Current collector

26. Research Direction-New Battery Chemistries
Li
Costly
Limited reserves
Not available globally
Na/K/Ca
etc
Low cost
Wide abundance
Comparable charge storage
capacity
Sustainable
Front. Chem., 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00268
26

27. Research Direction-Aqueous Batteries
Science Advances, 2020, 6, 21, eaba4098 27

28. Research Direction-Aqueous Batteries
Science Advances, 2020, 6, 21, eaba4098
Research Directions
More relevant to work in
Pakistan, why?
Water friendly
Do not need inert environment and glovebox
Cheaper components
Easy to assemble
1. Study the effect of electrolyte on charge
storage process
2. Study metal stripping/plating behaviour
3. Study origin of overpotential
4. Study how to extend the voltage
window
28

29. Research Direction-Aqueous Batteries
29

30. Conclusions and Target?
34
Reduce
Cost
Reduce
Weight
Increase
Performance
Increase
Safety
Increase
Accessibility
Sustainable