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分散システムの協調処理
名古屋⼯業⼤学 後藤健佑
これから話すこと
u 1 なぜこのスライドを作ったのか
u 2 分散システムの協調処理についての概要
u 3 巡回セールスマン問題に関して
u 4 まとめ
1 なぜこのようなスライドを作ったのか
■このスライドを作った背景
研究室配属は決まったが、まだ研究⾃体始まっていない
↓
これから研究室で学ぶであろう分散システムの協調処理を
先に⾃分の中で予習、⾃学
↓
地道な努⼒と挑戦で1年間学習と研究を続ける
↓
イチロー⽈く、「⼩さいことを続けることがとんでもないところへ⾏くただひと
つの道」
つまり
今、予習をすることが
とんでもない⼤発⾒につながるかも!!!
こりゃスゲーがや!!!
2 分散システムの協調処理
についての概要
■そもそも分散システムって何????
分散システムとは、何らかの分散処理を採⽤したコンピュータシステムのこと。
処理を連携・分担する形態
※Wikipedia参照
■それで協調処理はどういうこと???
その何らかの分散処理の中で
協調処理とはエージェントの協⼒によりその⽬標を達成するための⼿法
エージェントとはユーザーや他のソフトウェアとの仲介して、動作するソフト
ウェアを説明するもの
※Wikipedia参照
ということは分散システムの協調処理は、、、、
ユーザーとソフトウェアを仲介させ、処理を
連携・分担し⽬標を達成する
⼈間でいうコンサルタントみたいな感じなのか
じゃあ⽬標(問題)って何だろう?
そこで今回は
巡回セールスマン問題
の解決を⽬標にして考えよう
今⽇は営業回る場所多いなぁ、、、
3 巡回セールスマン問題に関して
■巡回セールスマン問題とは?
都市の集合と各2都市間の距離が与えられたとき、
セールスマンが所定の複数の都市を1回だけ巡回する場合の最短経路を求める
組合せ最適化問題
よって、複数の都市をより短い距離で⾏く⼀つの道を⾒つけることができれば、
⽬標を達成できる!
■解法その1 総当たり法
単純に全部経路を探索してみよう。
↓
都市の数をnとすると、経路の数は (n-1)!、数珠数列の場合2で割ればいいから で
表すことができるから・・・
n = 2の時 1通り
n = 3の時 2通り
.
.
.
n = 21の時 1216451004088320000通り
↓
数が莫⼤すぎて計算時間が莫⼤でパソコンのメモリが持たない
■解法その2 欲張り法で解く
じゃあ次は、出発したところから順番に⾒て近いところを選んでいけば最短経路
になるんじゃないか?
↓
が、ひとつ⽋点が存在
↓
同じ距離にある都市だったらどっちを選ぶの?その選んだ⽅によっては最短じゃ
ないんじゃないの?
↓
複数の経路が結果として出てしまい、最適なひとつの解を求めたとは⾔えない
■解法その3 動的計画法で解く
未訪問の都市を巡回して出発点に戻るまでの最短距離を返す関数をまず⽤意して
おいて、都市を1〜nという整数で表すことにしよう!
↓
そして都市を関数で訪れたことを管理する
↓
そして距離も求める関数も⽤意しよう
↓
計算をしていくことで最適の解を求めることができる!!
3つの解法を試してみた結果・・・
動的計画法が巡回セールスマン問題を解決し、⽬標を達成!!
分散システムの協調問題のうち⼀つの解法を導けた!!
しかし、、、
問題において様々な解法を⽤意できる動的計画法
しかし、動的計画法では
必要のない場合を考えてしまうことがある
計画の組み⽅次第では無駄が発⽣することがある
ことが考えられる。
よって計画の組み⽅次第では無駄が発⽣し、最適でない。
4、まとめ
今回、分散システムの協調処理の⼀つの⽬標解決である分散セールスマン問題を
動的計画法で解決することを考えた
↓
しかし、課題として計画の組み⽅次第で無駄な経路も出してしまい、⼤きなコス
トロスを出してしまう可能性が考えられる
↓
よって、⼀つの計画だけではなく複数の計画を⽐較した上で最短の経路を出す必
要がある。
↓
研究する際にはここを気をつけておく指標ができた
これで終わります

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分散システムの協調処理