1. Open
Access
Comes
of
Age
SSP
Pre-­‐Mee3ng
Seminar
June
1,
2011
Robert
Kelly
Director
Journal
Informa3on
Systems
The
American
Physical
Society
Friday, May 27, 2011 1

2. American
Physical
Society
Objec3ve
"In
the
firm
belief
that
an
understanding
of
the
nature
of
the
physical
universe
will
be
of
benefit
to
all
humanity,
the
Society
shall
have
as
its
objec3ve
the
advancement
and
diffusion
of
the
knowledge
of
physics."
APS
Cons3tu3on
–
Ar3cle
II
“Physics
by
Physicists
for
Physicists”
Currently
~48
K
Membership,
~
20%
Interna3onal
Publisher
of
Physical
Review
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 2
Friday, May 27, 2011 2

3. APS task force report on electronic information systems,
published in the Bulletin of the American Physical Society Vol.
36, No. 4, April 1991
• We have defined a single, long‐term goal, a World Scientific
Information System, which we have called our Vision 2020.
This vision has two principal features:
- All the world's formal scientific literature is available, on‐line, to scientific workers throughout the
world, from a world scientific database.
- The "documents" of this database would go well beyond the articles...........
* They set the Vision, it is up to future APS management to figure out how to do it and how to pay
for it.
* Using the benefit of hindsight, Open Access and Creative Commons seem to fit the bill.
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 3
Friday, May 27, 2011 3

4. The
Story
• Since
1994
the
American
Physical
Society
has
consistently
moved
in
steps
towards
the
implementa3on
of
Vision
2020.
– A
heuris3c
and
a
holis3c
approach
• Star3ng
with
the
recognizing
of
eprints
as
a
legi3mate
element
of
the
Physics
process
through
the
launching
of
pure
and
hybrid
OA
journals
up
to
recent
announcements
of
Crea3ve
Commons
Licensing,
permiVng
reuse,
including
commercial
reuse,
of
select
APS
ar3cles.
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 4
Friday, May 27, 2011 4

5. The environment for the APS Journals has changed
significantly since 1994.
• View
from
Inside
– Re-­‐Engineer
Peer
Review
/
Manuscript
processes,
from
paper
/
folder
based
to
all
online,
web
based,
author,
editor,
referee
system.
• World
wide
access
• Mirrored
in
Co-­‐Loca3ons
– Compose
in
SGML/XML/
MathML
–
reducing
composi3on
cost
from
>
$70
per
page
to
<
$30
per
page
• Re-­‐Purpose
Content
– All
journals
published,
on
line,
back
to
Volume
1,
Issue
1
• Star3ng
in1893
• Ar3cles
published
when
ready,
daily.
– APS
Journals
delivered
from
APS
plaborms
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 5
Friday, May 27, 2011 5

6. The environment for the APS Journals has changed
significantly since 1994.
• View
from
Outside
– Grew
from
7
to
9
journals
plus
Focus/Physics
by
2009
Ar7cles
/
Year Submi?ed Published
1994 20,180 12,087
2010 35,143 18,654
•
Online
set
the
stage
for
the
canceling
of
duplicate
subscrip3ons
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 6
Friday, May 27, 2011 6

7. The environment for the APS Journals has changed
significantly since 1994.
Pricing
–
Introduce
Tier
Pricing
in
2001
–
1
through
3
then
4
and
5
– Two
General
Price
reduc3ons
2005
and
2009
– Tier
1
APS
All,
online
only
pricing
–
Lowered
by
10.88
%
2001
to
2010
– Tier
4
APS
All,
online
only
pricing
–
Increased
by
23%
2001
to
2010
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 7
Friday, May 27, 2011 7

8. Comparison:
1998
vs
2004
–
Ins3tu3on
X
Cost
of
APS
All No.
APS
All Total
Cost
1998 $12,015 3
(+1
PRL,
1
RMP) $38,300
2004 $24,570
(Tier
4) 1 $24,570
(incl.
print)
What’
included:
1998:
Print
–
1
year
of
online
2004:
Print
-­‐
Electronic
access
at
the
desktop
for
en3re
ins3tu3on
back
to
1893,
linked
and
searchable.
(Electronic
cons3tutes
more
than
400
linear
feet
of
shelf
space!)
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 8
Friday, May 27, 2011 8

9. The environment for the APS Journals has
changed significantly since 1994.
• OA
View
– Guiding
Principal
• APS
policies
will
be
aligned
with
the
principles
of
Open
Access
to
the
greatest
extent
possible
consistent
with
the
maintenance
of
high
quality
refereeing,
edi3ng
and
the
financial
stability
of
the
Society
– Free
Access
to
Public
and
High
School
Libraries
–
a
crisp
line
between
academic
and
public
informa3on
infrastructure
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 9
Friday, May 27, 2011 9

10. The environment for the APS Journals has
changed significantly since 1994.
• OA
View
– Green
from
the
beginning
– Copyright
statement
evolu3on:
• Authors
can
post
manuscript
pre-­‐prints
–
in
advance
of
peer
review
• Authors
can
post
APS
formamed
versions
on
authors
and
ins3tu3ons
site.
• Authors
can
make
deriva3ve
works
of
up
to
50%
of
their
published
ar3cle
• The
above
applies
to
ar3cles
published
under
the
subscrip3on
funding
model
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 10
Friday, May 27, 2011 10

11. The environment for the APS Journals has
changed significantly since 1994.
• OA
View
– Green
from
the
beginning
–
Link
to
Submission
Server
– 1
Tradi3onal
offering
–
Reviews
of
Modern
Physics
–
6
Hybrid
Journals
–
Physical
Review
and
Physical
Review
Le?ers
– News
and
Views
–
Physics
/
Focus
–
freely
available
– Three
Gold
OA
Journals
• Physical
Review
Special
Topics
–
Accelerator’s
and
Beams
–
Gold
–
Laboratory
Sponsored
• Physical
Review
Special
Topics
–
Physics
EducaIon
Research
–
Gold
-­‐
Author
Pays
• Physical
Review
X
–
Gold
–
Author
Pays
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 11
Friday, May 27, 2011 11

12. The environment for the APS Journals has
changed significantly since 1994.
• OA
View
-­‐
Funding
– Green
–
– Subscrip3on
model
–
world
wide
understanding
–
one
size
fits
all
-­‐
it
works.
– SCOAP3
–
Consor3um
of
libraries,
worldwide,
and
CERN.
Channel
library
subscrip3on
money
to
make
high
energy
physics
journals
open
access
–
under
review
for
sustainability.
– Ins3tu3on
and
Government
sponsorship
/
funding.
• There
is
where
we
are
heuris3c.
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 12
Friday, May 27, 2011 12

13. The environment for the APS Journals
has changed significantly since 1994.
• Vision
2020
View
– Crea3ve
Commons
–
CC
–
By
–
Commercial
use
ok
– Ar3cle
PDF
freely
available
– And
now
on
to:
• Data
• Interac3ve
Content
• Author
and
Ins3tu3on
Iden3fiers
• Accessible
Content
• Seman3c
Tagging
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 13
Friday, May 27, 2011 13

14. Summary:
•
Contain
Costs
Vision
2020 •
En3re
Process
online
The
Commons
•
Content
re-­‐usable
•
APS •
Holis3c
view
of
the
discipline
•
Scien3fic •
Wider
availability
and
usability
•
?? •
Flexibility
for
future
innova3on
•
APS
will
be
there
Thank
You,
Bob
Kelly
rakelly@aps.org Graphics
by
David
Ellis
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 14
Friday, May 27, 2011 14

15. Graphics
by
David
Ellis
06/01/2011 Open
Access
Comes
of
Age 15
Friday, May 27, 2011 15