Comtech - Innovative Solutions for Hub-Spoke Networks

1. Innovative Solutions for
Hub-Spoke Networks
November 2010
© Copyright 2010 Comtech EF Data Corporation
Johnny Marmolejos

2. Cellular Market - Astounding
Subscriber Growth
• There were ~ 57 million fewer
fixed telephone lines at the end of
2009 than there were at the end
of 2006
• There were 1.9 billion net
additional mobile cellular
subscriptions between 2006 -
2009
– Over 1.6 billion of these were in the
developing world
• In many developing countries
50%+ of rural households now
have a mobile phone
2

3. Traffic Growth is Faster Than….
3Source: Unstrung Insider

4. Cost-Efficient Transport
4

5. Typical Hub-Spoke Network Topology
VersaFEC
Return
VersaFEC Return
VersaFEC Return
Remote
Terminals
DVB-S2 Outbound
SATCOM
Coverage
Hub
5Comtech EF Data Proprietary
Medium & Low
Data Rate/ Remote

6. How we can do better?
• Satellite Services Providers and Integrators
want to increase revenue and expand their
businesses via the implementation of new
technologies
• Typical challenges
– Achieve higher network efficiency
– Optimize limited resources available
– Reduce costs (OPEX & CAPEX) when possible
• Explore new ways to maximize the utilization of key
resources: space segment and hardware
6
Comtech EF Data Proprietary

7. Reducing Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO)
• CAPEX for a network includes
– Hub Cost
 Antenna
 RF
 Indoor equipment
– Remote Cost
 Antenna
 BUC/SSPA
 Indoor unit
 Solar Panels, Batteries etc (for Solar Powered sites)
• OPEX includes
– Space Segment = Leased bandwidth
– Annual Maintenance Fees
7Comtech EF Data Proprietary
Operating
Expenses
Capital
Expenses
Network Operations +
Depreciation
Total Cost of Ownership
Operations &
Maintenance
Transmission
OPEX
Power
Spares/Support
Training
Site
Rental
Network
Equipment
Site
Equipment
Civil
Works
NRO
Transmission
Equipment

8. Four Pillars of Optimizing
Throughput
8
Coding Gain
Carrier in
Carrier
Technology
Adaptive
Coding and
Modulation
WAN
Optimization

9. 9
Modem Power & Bandwidth Savings
• Turbo Product Coding
– Lower Eb/No requires less power
– Higher efficiency uses less bandwidth
4.0
1.50
3/4
5.2
1.35
Viterbi
+ Reed
Solomon
Turbo
Product
Coding
Eb/No (dB)
Bandwidth Efficiency (bps/ Hz)
4.2
1.75
7/8
6.5
1.58
Viterbi
+ Reed
Solomon
Turbo
Product
Coding
Turbo
Less
BW
Turbo: Less Power

10. DVB-S2 Advantage
• Best available FEC
– Excellent coding gain
 Minimize leased bandwidth
 Maximize throughput
 Permits smaller antenna
• Widest range of modulation and code rates
– 28 combinations allow for optimal link design for any
operating condition
 QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK
• Supports Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) and
Variable Coding & Modulation (VCM)
• Selectable roll-off
– 20%, 25% and 35% support efficient transponder utilization
10Comtech EF Data Proprietary

11. At same C/N DVB-S2 will be 30%
more efficient than DVB-S
DVB-S
Efficiency
Curves
DVB-S2
Efficiency
Curves
11Comtech EF Data Confidential

12. Coding / FEC
(Forward Error Correction)
• Does not change your Signal to Noise ratio
• Does nothing to improve your signal quality
• FEC’s simply correct errors lost in transmission
• But not all FEC’s are created equally!
12

13. Coding / FEC
(Forward Error Correction)
• Shannon-Hartley Bound: There is a maximum bound
on the amount of error free data that can be
transmitted though a noisy transmission medium
13
Coding Type Vs. Shannon Bound
Sequential or Viterbi + 4-8 dB
Turbo Product Codes + 2-3 dB
Versa FEC + 1-2 dB
DVB-S2 LDPC+BCH + 0.7 – 1.5 dB

14. Advances in Coding Gain
14
Viterbi 1/2
Viterbi 3/4
Turbo 1/2
Turbo 3/4
Versa FEC
.533
VersaFEC
.706
DVB-S2 1/2
DVB-S2 3/4
Viterbi 7/8
Turbo 7/8
DVB-S2 8/9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SpectralEff.
Eb/No
Coding Comparison
Shannon Limit QPSK

15. Advances in Coding Gain on:
Fixed BW Maximize Throughput
15
Viterbi + RS TPC Coding Versa FEC DVB-S2
Fixed C/N 6.0 dB 6.0 dB 6.0 dB 6.0 dB
Best Modulation /
Coding for Es/No
QPSK ½ QPSK ¾ QPSK .803 QPSK 5/6
(.827)
Spectral Efficiency 0.92 bits / Hz 1.5 bits / Hz 1.61 bits / Hz 1.65 bits / Hz
BW = SR 5.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 5.0 MHz
User Data Rate 4.6 Mbps 7.5 Mbps 8.1 Mbps 8.3 Mbps

16. VersaFEC™
• VersaFEC is a patented (covered by U.S. patents
7,353,444 and 7,415,659. Other patents pending.)
system of short-block, low latency Low Density
• Parity Check (LDPC) codes designed to support
latency-sensitive applications, such as cellular
backhaul over satellite
• Supports Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
• VersaFEC was developed by Comtech AHA in
collaboration with Comtech EF Data
VersaFEC is a Trademark of Comtech AHA
16Comtech EF Data Proprietary

17. VersaFEC Modulation & Code Rates
• VersaFEC supports 12 different modulation and code
rates for ACM and CCM
Modulation
Code
Rate
Spectral
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Block
Size
(bits)
Eb/No
(typical)
Es/No
(Typical)
64 kbps 128 kbps 256 kbps 512 kbps
BPSK 0.488 0.49 2k 2.4 dB -0.7 dB 26.0 13.0 6.5 3.3
QPSK 0.533 1.07 4.1k 2.2 dB 2.5 dB 53.0 26.5 13.3 6.6
QPSK 0.631 1.26 4.1k 2.7 dB 3.7 dB 59.0 29.5 14.8 7.4
QPSK 0.706 1.41 4.1k 3.4 dB 4.9 dB 62.0 31.0 15.5 7.8
QPSK 0.803 1.61 4.1k 3.8 dB 5.9 dB 66.0 33.0 16.5 8.3
8-QAM 0.642 1.93 6.1k 4.6 dB 7.5 dB 89.0 44.5 22.3 11.1
8-QAM 0.711 2.13 6.1k 5.2 dB 8.5 dB 93.0 46.5 23.3 11.6
8-QAM 0.780 2.34 6.1k 5.6 dB 9.3 dB 97.0 48.5 24.3 12.1
16-QAM 0.731 2.93 8.2k 6.3 dB 11.0 dB 125.0 62.5 31.3 15.6
16-QAM 0.780 3.12 8.2k 7.0 dB 11.9 dB 129.0 64.5 32.3 16.1
16-QAM 0.829 3.32 8.2k 7.5 dB 12.7 dB 131.0 65.5 32.8 16.4
16-QAM 0.853 3.41 8.2k 8.0 dB 13.3 dB 132.0 66.0 33.0 16.5
End-to-End Latency (ms)
Performance
(BER = 5.0E-8)
17Comtech EF Data Proprietary

18. 1
10
100
1000
10000
64 128 256 512 1024 2048
Latency(ms)
Data Rate (kbps)
VersaFEC
DVB-S2 Short Block
DVB-S2 Normal Block
VersaFEC Latency vs. DVB-S2
8-PSK 3/4 (DVB-S2)
8-QAM 0.78 (VersaFEC)
18Comtech EF Data Proprietary
95% lower latency
compared to DVB-S2
short block while
maintaining coding
efficiency
256 kbps Return
VersaFEC ~ 23 ms
DVB-S2 (Short) ~ 400 ms
DVB-S2 (Normal) ~ 800 ms

19. Four Pillars of Optimizing
Throughput
19
Coding Gain
Carrier in
Carrier
Technology
Adaptive
Coding and
Modulation
WAN
Optimization

20. DoubleTalk® Carrier-in-Carrier®
• Based on patented “Adaptive Cancellation”, Carrier-
in-Carrier (CnC) allows carriers in a Duplex satellite
link to occupy the same transponder space
20
Without DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier With DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier
Carrier-in-Carrier is a Registered Trademark of Comtech EF Data
DoubleTalk is a Registered Trademark of Applied Signal Technology, Inc.

21. Carrier-in-Carrier Bandwidth
Compression
• “Carrier canceller” can be used at Hub side for
Carrier-in-Carrier bandwidth compression
• Carrier cancellation is NOT required at the Remote
21Comtech EF Data Proprietary
Without Carrier-in-Carrier With Carrier-in-Carrier

22. Four Pillars of Optimizing
Throughput
22
Coding Gain
Carrier in
Carrier
Technology
Adaptive
Coding and
Modulation
WAN
Optimization

23. What is ACM ?
• Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) is a technique that
allows for automatic change in Modulation and FEC Code
Rate in response to changing link conditions
• Symbol Rate and Transmit Power are fixed and the data
rate changes as the modulation and code rate are changed
– ACM carriers use fixed bandwidth and power on the
transponder
• Optimizes channel coding and modulation on a frame-by-
frame basis
– Allows each remote to operate optimally subject to
antenna size, location within the footprint, rain fade and
other impairments
23

24. What is ACM ? (cont’d)
• A packet based terrestrial interface (e.g. IP/ Ethernet)
that can adapt to data rate changes is required for
ACM operation
• ACM can maximize throughput under all conditions
– Rain fade
– Inclined orbit satellite operation
– Antenna pointing error
– System Noise
– Interference
– Other impairments
24
Available Capacity Without ACM (Fixed Margin)
5 Mbps
4 Mbps
3 Mbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
0 Mbps
User Traffic
1:00
Time
1:15
1:30
1:45
2:00
2:15
2:30
2:45
3:00
3:15
Additional Capacity From ACM

25. Four Pillars of Optimizing
Throughput
25
Coding Gain
Carrier in
Carrier
Technology
Adaptive
Coding and
Modulation
WAN
Optimization

26. Enhanced Generic Stream
Encapsulation
Key Advantages
• Low Overhead Encapsulation
– Enhanced GSE for the shared outbound
 70-80% more efficient compared to MPE (used by DVB-RCS)
 20-30% more efficient compared to GSE
26Comtech EF Data Proprietary

27. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512
EncapsulationOverhead
IP Datagram Size (bytes)
MPE
GSE
CEFD EGSE
Enhanced GSE
Key Advantages
• Low overhead encapsulation for Outbound
Voice traffic
27Comtech EF Data Proprietary
Comtech’s Enhanced GSE
70-80% more efficient than MPE
20-30% more efficient than GSE

28. Streamline Encapsulation
Key Advantages
• Low Overhead Encapsulation
– Ultra low overhead Streamline Encapsulation
(SLE) for the return
 Patent pending (CEFD)
 Reduces encapsulation overhead by
– as much as 65% compared to HDLC
– as much as 95% compared to AAL5 used in DVB-RCS
– as much as 90% compared to proprietary framing used by
other VSATs
28Comtech EF Data Proprietary

29. Comtech Proprietary & Confidential
29
IP Header Compression
• Reduces the Layer 2, 3, 4 header to a few bytes
• Reduce IP (VoIP) bandwidth by 60 - 65%
– G.729 (8Kbps) voice codec compressed from 24 - 32 Kbps to
8/5 (12 Kbps including O/H).
• It can reduce 40 byte IP/UDP/RTP header to as
little as 1 byte.
• For TCP/IP, 40 byte is reduced to as little as 3
bytes.
• Configurable on a per route basis
• Reduce Web/HTTP traffic by 10%

30. 30
Payload Compression
• Can reduce payload
size by 40 – 50 %
• Configurable on a per
route basis
• Example of savings
IP
20 Bytes
UDP
8 Bytes
RTP
12 Bytes
CH
2-4 bytes
Payload
(Variable Size)
Payload
(Variable Size)
Compression
Traffic Without Payload Compression With Payload Compression
File Transfer, Web, etc. 2 Mbps
2Mbps * 60% = 1.2 Mbps
Savings = 800 kbps
2 Mbps 2 Mbps
1.2 Mbps

31. K4 GZIP “Payload Compression”
• K4 GZIP is lossless compression: Bits In = Bits Out
• GZIP searches for matches current data against
previous data
• Decompressor has identical history buffer is able to
exactly reconstruct the original sequence
• K4 GZIP compression will work with any data
interface, CCM, ACM, CnC or any combination
• Benefit will vary with data type: web pages, text,
documents, email vs. compressed voice and video
(various packet sizes)
• Pattern recognition: 20 bytes of data is represented
by 12 bytes => 40% Savings
31

32. Recap on Key Advantages:
1L, 2L & 3L Optimization
• Designed to provide the most efficient:
– Physical layer without compromising latency
 Industry leading DVB-S2 and VersaFEC low-latency LDPC
FEC
 ACM (bi-directional) and VCM
 CinC technology
– Link layer
 Low overhead Enhanced GSE and Ultra-low overhead
Streamline Encapsulation
– IP & higher layer transport
 2nd generation hardware-based lossless payload compression
 Header compression
 Embedded RAN Optimization option for remote terminals
Comtech EF Data Proprietary 32

33. What’s new?
• The new optimization approach previously described
can be found in our new product: “Advanced VSAT
Series”
• The following is a brief description of key features
and characteristics of the “CDM-800s Product Line”
33Comtech EF Data Proprietary

34. Comtech and Memotec combined
34
L1Power and bandwidth optimization (superior
modulation/FEC and CinC)
Technology Benefit
Lower OPEX (less bandwidth)
Lower CAPEX (smaller dish, less RF)
L2
Framing of traffic (Ultra low overhead GSE,
Streamline Packet. etc), SLE (vice HDLC)
Lowest percentage of user traffic is lost to
overhead. ( less bits = less OPEX)
E1/E2/E3
Supporting single or multiple E1 with clock
extension
Customer interface transparency (enabling
services)HC PC
IPIP support with Header and Payload compression
Reduces customer traffic to bear minimum (perfect
for VoIP and Html traffic)
RAN
Optimization
Optimizes cellular traffic via traffic redundancy
elimination and compression
Reduces amount of traffic needed to support
cellular traffic by 50%
Building value - one layer at a time.
Comtech EF Data Confidential
IP Opt
IP upper layer optimization (acceleration and
caching
Reduces bandwidth and speeds up user
experience when transporting IP over VSAT.

35. The Advanced VSAT Series
CDM-800 Gateway Router
CDM-840 Remote Router
CDD-880 Multi-Receiver Router
CXU-810 RAN Optimizer
35Comtech EF Data Proprietary

36. Specifications
Outbound (HUB-
to-Remote)
Return
(Remote-to-HUB)
Data Rate: 1 - 167 Mbps 16 kbps - 15.35 Mbps (CCM)
Symbol Rate: 1 - 62 Msps (QPSK, 8PSK)
1 - 47 Msps (16APSK)
1 - 37 Msps (32APSK)
16 ksps - 4.1 Msps (ACM)
16 ksps - 4.5 Msps (CCM)
FEC: DVB-S2 VersaFEC
Modulation
and
Coding Rates:
QPSK: 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6,
8/9, 9/10
8PSK: 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10
16APSK: 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9,
9/10
32APSK: 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10
BPSK 0.488
QPSK 0.533, 0.631, 0/706, 0.803
8QAM 0.642, 0.711, 0.780
16QAM 0.731, 0.780, 0.829,
0.853
Rolloff: 20%, 25% and 35% 20%, 25% and 35%
Encapsulation: Enhanced GSE Streamline Encapsulation
(SLE)
36

37. Supported Protocols
RFC 768 – UDP RFC 959 – FTP RFC 2597 – AF PHB
RFC 791 –IP RFC 1112 – IP Multicast RFC 2598 – Expedite Forwarding
RFC 792 – ICMP RFC 1213 – SNMP MIB II RFC 2616 – HTTP
RFC 793 – TCP RFC 1812 – IPv4 Routers RFC 3412 – SNMP
RFC 826 – ARP RFC 2045 – MIME RFC 3416 – SNMPv2
RFC 856 – Telenet RFC 2474 – Diffserv RFC 3418 – SNMP MIB
RFC 862 – Ping RFC 2475 – Diffserv
RFC 894 – IP RFC 2578 – SMI
37

38. Key Advantages: Flexible & Scalable
• Minimal hardware options
– CDM-800
 Payload compression card
 AC or DC Power Supply
– CDD-880
 Demodulator cards
 AC or DC power supply
– CDM-840
 BUC power supply
 AC or DC power supply
– ACM/VCM Controller
 For larger networks and higher
data rates
• FAST Upgrade
– DVB-S2 from 15 Mbps to
168 Mbps
– VersaFEC from 256 kbps
to 15.35 Mbps
– Header & payload
compression options
– QoS options (DiffServ)
– ACM/VCM
Comtech EF Data Proprietary 38
• Highly scalable and flexible platform that can
grow with the network

39. Advanced VSAT Series
Key Advantages
• Advanced Forward Error Correction (FEC) for
maximum bandwidth efficiency
– DVB-S2 for the shared outbound
– VersaFEC® short-block low latency LDPC for the return
channels
• Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
– Available for outbound and return
– Maximizes network efficiency and availability
• Variable Coding & Modulation (VCM)
– Allows different levels of protection and quality of service for
different applications and user groups
39Comtech EF Data Proprietary

40. Advanced VSAT Series
Key Advantages
• Superior availability and service quality
– Improved availability
 Advanced FEC with ACM/VCM provide additional
throughput and margin to cope with fade and other
impairments
– Lowest Latency
 VersaFEC provides lowest latency for return links while
providing excellent coding gain
– Lowest Jitter
 Significantly better jitter performance without the need for
excessive buffering, and segmentation and reassembly
40Comtech EF Data Proprietary

41. Quality of Service (Q0S)
• The Advanced VSAT Series supports multi-level QoS to ensure
the highest quality service with minimal jitter and latency for
real-time traffic, priority treatment of mission critical applications
and maximum bandwidth efficiency.
• Supported modes are:
– DiffServ – Industry-standard method of providing QoS
enabling seamless co-existence in networks that implement
DiffServ
– Max/Priority – Provides multi-level traffic prioritization with
the ability to limit maximum traffic per priority class
– Min/Max – Provides a Committed Information Rate (CIR) to
each user defined class of traffic with the ability to allow a
higher burstable rate depending on availability
41

42. Typical 2G / 3G Network – E1 & IP
42
32 E1
32 E1
BSC
RNC
CXU-810 RAN Optimizer
Internet/
Intranet
CDM-840 Remote
Router
E1
GE
BTS
Node-B
GigE
CDD-880 Multi-Receiver
Router
-
CDM-800 Gateway Router
Comtech RF
Up to 168 Mbps
Shared Outbound
CDM-840 Remote
Router
E1
GE
BTS
Node-B
CDM-840 Remote
Router
E1
GE
BTS
Node-B
Comtech EF Data Proprietary
NMS

43. Typical 2G / 3G Network – All IP
43
CDD-880 Multi-Receiver
Router
-
CDM-800 Gateway Router
BSC
RNC
Comtech RF
CDM-840 Remote
Router
BTS
Node-B
GE
Up to 168 Mbps
Shared Outbound
Internet/
Intranet
CDM-840 Remote
Router
BTS
Node-B
GE
CDM-840 Remote
Router
BTS
Node-B
GE
Comtech EF Data Proprietary
GigE
NMS

44. Typical Data Network
44Comtech EF Data Proprietary
GigabitEthernet
DVB-S2
O
utbound
VersaFEC
Return
CDD-880 Multi-Receiver Router
CDM-800 Gateway Router GigE
CDM-840 Remote
Router
GigE
CDM-840 Remote
Router
GigE
CDM-840 Remote
Router
Internet/
Intranet
WAN Optimization/
Application Acceleration
NMS

45. Solar Powered Outdoor Base Station
45
< 50 Watts
Low Power
BUC
ODM-840
Micro
Outdoor
BTS
Comtech EF Data Proprietary

46. Companion Products
• Network Management System
• ACM/VCM Controller
• CLO-10 for Hub side BW
Cancellation (Carrier-in-Carrier)
• Memotec’s CX-U Series for
2G/3G RAN Optimization
• Stampede’s FX Series WAN
Optimization and Application
Acceleration
Comtech EF Data Proprietary 46

47. The Advanced VSAT Series
• Builds on Comtech EF Data’s legacy of
providing the most efficient SATCOM solutions
• Provides a superior alternative to those
requiring high performance, high quality
services in a Hub-Spoke environment
– Cellular backhaul with RAN Optimization
– Corporate networks
– Internet access (ISP)
– Maritime & Offshore communications
– Govt. & Defense communications
– Universal Service Obligation (USO) networks
47Comtech EF Data Proprietary

48. Advanced SATCOM Solutions
• Comtech EF Data is the leading provider of Advanced
SATCOM Solutions
Oil & Gas
High Speed
Communications
Maritime
Cellular Backhaul
Disaster Recovery /
Emergency Services
Government & Defense
Communications
48Comtech EF Data Proprietary

49. Management
• Devices can be managed using
– SNMP
– Web browser
• Network Management System
– Powered by COMPASS
Comtech EF Data Proprietary 49

50. CDM-800 Web Interface
50Comtech EF Data Proprietary

51. Advanced VSAT NMS
• Based on industry leading Newpoint Compass
Monitor and Control System
• Licensed by number of devices to be supported from
a server
• Every system includes full Compass software
• 5 concurrent TrueNorth user interface licenses
• SNMP Manager
• 2 Year Warranty
51Comtech EF Data Proprietary

52. Technology Leadership
• Comtech EF Data has a long tradition of being a
technology and market leader in the SATCOM
industry
– First to offer Turbo Product Codes (TPC)
– First to offer Low Density parity Check Codes (LDPC)
– First to offer 8-QAM Modulation
– First to offer 64-QAM Modulation
– First to offer DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier
– First to offer VersaFEC short-block low latency LDPC
– First to offer Payload compression in a satellite modem
– First to offer Header compression in a satellite modem
– First to offer ultra low overhead Streamline Encapsulation
(SLE)
52Comtech EF Data Proprietary

53. Optimized Backhaul Solutions Allow for Cost-Effective
Satellite Extension to the Microwave Infrastructure
53
BW Comparative backhaul advantage
+ 6 E1
6 E1 Microwave
5 E1
4 E1
3 E1
2 E1 Satellite
1 E1
1/2 E1
50 100 300 500 +500distance (km)
Relative Bandwidth (%) – for same data rate
-110-100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060708090100110
16QAM 7/8
16QAM 3/4
8PSK 5/6
8PSK 2/3
QPSK 7/8
QPSK 3/4
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 1/2 = 100%
Without DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier
With DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier

54. CEFD Product Positioning
(Cellular Backhaul)
54
1 TRX 3 TRX 6TRX 1E1 4E1 E2 E3
Sites
01020100+
Capacity
Advanced VSAT
(Point-to-Multipoint)
CDM-570 with
RAN Module
(Point-to-Point)
CDM-625 CnC +
CX-U
(Point-to-Point)
CDM-750
CnC
(Point-to-Point)

55. Questions / Comments ?
Thank You!
55Comtech EF Data Proprietary

56. Comtech EF Data
2114 West 7th Street
Tempe, AZ 85281
USA
Tel +1.480.333.2200
FAX +1.480.333.2540
sales@comtechefdata.com
www.comtechefdata.com
CEFD Latin America
Lewis Cunnigham
Sr. Sales Director
Marcos Jannuzzi Johnny Marmolejos
Sales Director / Brazil Sr. Sales Engineer