Unity遊戲程式設計(15) 實作Space shooter遊戲

電子工程系
Unity遊戲程式設計(15)
Space shooter遊戲
吳錫修
June 12, 2017

shapethefuture
Space Shooter tutorial套件
2 Wu, ShyiShiou Dept. of E.E., NKUT

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 https://unity3d.com/learn/tutorials/projects/space-shooter-tutorial
線上教學影片

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 新增3D專案
 選單命令File> New Project…
 專案名稱Space shooter
 儲存預設場景
 Main.unity
 滙入Space Shooter tutorial.unitypackage
 選單命令Assets> Import Package> Custom Package…
專案設定 1/2

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 設定場景大小
 選單命令File> Build Settings…
 點擊Player Settings
 取消勾選Default Is Full Screen*
 Default Screen Width: 600
 Default Screen Height: 900
專案設定 2/2

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 拖曳Models/vehicle_playerShip到Hiearchy面板
 重新命名：Player
 重置Transform參數值
 設定Player戰機為剛體物件
 選單命令Component> Physics> Rigidbody
 取消勾選Use Gravity以符合外太空無重力環境
建立玩家戰機物件 1/2

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 在Player戰機上加上網格碰撞器
 選單命令Component> Physics> Mesh Collider
 勾選Convex
 勾選Is Trigger
 簡化網格，拖曳Models/player_ship_collider到Mesh欄
 設定Player戰機引擎噴射效果
 拖曳PrefabsVFXEnginesengines_player預製物件做為Player子物件
建立玩家戰機物件 2/2

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 重置Main Camera之Transform參數值
 使Main Camera朝下
 Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (90, 0, 0)
 使Main Camera移動Player戰機到上方
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 10, 0)
 將Main Camera投影方式設定為正交投影
 Projection = Orthographic
 Size = 10
 調整Player戰機在畫面初始顯示位置
 Main Camera Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 10, 5)
攝影機設定 1/2

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 設定Main Camera鏡頭底色
 Clear Flags = Solid Color
 Background = black
攝影機設定 2/2

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 刪除Directional Light
 取消環境光
 選單命令Window> Lighting> Settings開啟Lighting面板
 Skybox Material = none
 Ambient Color = black
光照設定 1/3

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 建立主光源
 選單命令GameObject> Light> Directional Light，更名為Main Light
 重置Position
 調整光線角度，Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (20, -115, 0)
 建立補光
 選單命令Edit> Duplicate (Ctrl-D)複製⼀份Main Light，更名為Fill
Light
 重置Rotation
 調整補光強度，Intensity = 0.5
 調整補光角度，Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (5, 125, 0)
 調整補光顏色，Color (R, G, B) = (128, 192, 192)
光照設定 2/3

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 建立邊緣反射光
 複製Fill Light，更名為Rim Light
 重置Transform
 調整邊緣反射光顏色，Color = white
 調整邊緣反射光角度，Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (-15, 65, 0)
 調整邊緣反射光強度，Intensity = 0.25
 管理光源物件
 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Lighting
 重置Transform
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 100, 0)
 將Main Light、Fill Light及Rim Light拖曳到Lighting下做為子物件
光照設定 3/3

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 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Quad，新增Quad做為背景
物件，更名為Background
 重置Transform屬性值
 使Background物件面向Main Camera
 Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (90, 0, 0)
 調整Background物件大小，使其可以填滿整個遊戲畫面
 Scale (X, Y, Z) = (15, 30, 0)
 設定背景材質
 拖曳Materialstile_nebula_green_diff到Background上
設定遊戲背景 1/2

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 移除Mesh Collider
 將材質Shader欄變更為Unlit/Texture
 調整Background物件位置到Player戰機下方
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, -10, 0)
設定遊戲背景 2/2

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 在Player物件加上PlayerController程式腳本
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
void FixedUpdate ()
{
Rigidbody rigidBody = GetComponent<Rigidbody> ();
float moveHorizontal = Input.GetAxis ("Horizontal");
float moveVertical = Input.GetAxis ("Vertical");
Vector3 movement = new Vector3 (moveHorizontal, 0.0f, moveVertical);
rigidBody.velocity = movement;
}
}
玩家戰機移動控制 1/5

shapethefuture
 執行測試，可使用方向鍵移動Player戰機，但是…
 移動速度很慢
 在PlayerController程式腳本加入速度參數
public float speed;
void FixedUpdate ()
{
rigidBody.velocity = movement * speed;
}
}

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 將PlayerController之Speed欄設定為10
 執行測試，Player戰機移動速度變快了，但是…
 Player戰機會跑出螢幕
 修改PlayerController程式腳本，限制Player戰機移動範圍
using UnityEngine;
[System.Serializable]
public class Player_Boundary
{
public float xMin, xMax, zMin, zMax;
}

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public float speed;
public float tilt;
public Player_Boundary boundary;
void FixedUpdate ()
{
rigidBody.velocity = movement * speed;
rigidBody.position = new Vector3 (
Mathf.Clamp (rigidBody.position.x, boundary.xMin, boundary.xMax),
0.0f,
Mathf.Clamp (rigidBody.position.z, boundary.zMin, boundary.zMax));
rigidBody.rotation = Quaternion.Euler (
0.0f, 0.0f, rigidBody.velocity.x * -tilt);
}
}

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 設定Player戰機之Boundry值
 調整Player戰機Position之X值，測試最左及最右位置值
 調整Player戰機Position之Z值，測試上方及下方位置值
 執行測試，Player戰機不會跑出場景範圍了

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 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Bolt
 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Quad，更名為VFX
 使VFX面向Main Camera
 Rotation (X, Y, Z) = (90, 0, 0)
 移除Mesh Collider元件
 拖曳VFX到Bolt下做為子物件
建立玩家戰機子彈 1/4

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 選單命令Assets> Create>Material新增材質球，更名為
fx_bolt_orange
 Shader = Particles/Additive
 Particle Texture = fx_lazer_orange_dff
 拖曳fx_bolt_orange材質到VFX物件上
 Bolt物件加上Rigidbody元件
 取消勾選Use Gravity
 Bolt物件加上Capsule Collider元件
 Direction = Z-Axis
 Radius = 0.03，Height = 0.5
 勾選Is Trigger

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 Bolt物件加上Mover程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
public class Mover : MonoBehaviour {
public float speed;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = transform.forward * speed;
}
}

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 將Bolt物件拖到Prefabs資料夾做為預製物件
 Speed = 20
 刪除場景中的Bolt物件
 執行測試，將Bolt預製物件拖曳到Hierarchy面板，檢視Game視窗，
子彈是否向前飛去

shapethefuture
 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Shot Spawn
 重置Transform
 拖曳Shot Spawn成為Player子物件
 調整Shot Spawn位置到戰機之前端，Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 1)
玩家戰機子彈發射控制 1/3

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 編輯Player物件之PlayerController程式腳本
public float speed;
public float tilt;
public Player_Boundary boundary;
public GameObject shot;
public Transform shotSpawn;
public float fireRate;
private float nextFire;
void Update () {
if (Input.GetButton("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire)
{
nextFire = Time.time + fireRate;
Instantiate(shot, shotSpawn.position, shotSpawn.rotation);
}
}
…
}

shapethefuture
 拖曳Bolt預製物件到Player Controller之Shot欄
 拖曳Shot Spawn物件到Player Controller之Shot Spawn欄
 將Player Controller之Fire Rate欄值設為0.25
 執行測試，按下滑鼠左鍵可發射子彈，但是…
 檢視Hierarchy面板，子彈物件會不斷生成，但不會自動銷毀

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 選單命令GameObject> 3D Object> Cube，更名為Boundary
 勾選Box Collider之Is Trigger
 使Boundary物件置中顯示
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 5) 參照Main Camera之Z座標設定
 使Boundary物件涵蓋整個遊戲場景
 Scale (X, Y, Z) = (15, 1, 20)
 移除Mesh Renderer元件
 移除Mesh Filter元件
設定玩家戰機子彈邊界 1/2

shapethefuture
 Boundary物件加上DestroyByBoundry程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
public class DestroyByBoundary : MonoBehaviour {
void OnTriggerExit(Collider other)
{
Destroy(other.gameObject);
}
}
 測試程式，檢視Hirarchy面板，子彈物件碰到Bundary後會自動銷
毀
設定玩家戰機子彈邊界 2/2

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 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Asteroid
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 0, 8)
 拖曳Models/prop_asteroid_01到Asteroid物件上
 重置prop_asteroid_01物件Transform設定
 在Asteroid物件加上Rigidbody元件
 取消勾選Use Gravity
 在Asteroid物件加上Capsule Collider元件
 調整Radius及Height使其符合物件大小
 Direction = Z-Axis
 Radius = 0.486
 Height = 1.524
建立隕石 1/4

shapethefuture
 Asteroid物件加上RandomRotator程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
public class RandomRotator : MonoBehaviour {
public float tumble;
void Start ()
{
GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = Random.insideUnitSphere*tumble;
}
}
 Asteroid物件之Tumble設定為5
 執行測試，隕石會自主轉動，但是...
 子彈會直接穿過隕石
建立隕石 2/4

shapethefuture
 Asteroid物件加上DestroyByContact程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
public class DestroyByContact : MonoBehaviour {
void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{
if (other.tag == "Boundary")
{
return;
}
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}
建立隕石 3/4

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 將Boundary物件之Tag設定為Boundary
 執行測試
 子彈碰到隕石時，子彈與隕石都會自動銷毀
建立隕石 4/4

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 編輯DestroyByContact程式腳本
public GameObject explosion;
{
if (other.tag == "Boundary")
{
return;
}
Instantiate(explosion, transform.position, transform.rotation);
}
}
 將PrefabsVFXExplosionsexplosion_asteroid預製物件拖曳到
explosion欄
爆破效果 1/4

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 執行測試，子彈碰到隕石時隕石會爆破，但是...
 戰機撞到隕石時，隕石會爆破但戰機直接銷毀
 將Player物件之Tag設定為Player
public GameObject playerExplosion;
爆破效果 2/4

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{
...
Instantiate(explosion, transform.position, transform.rotation);
if (other.tag == "Player")
{
Instantiate(playerExplosion,
other.transform.position,
other.transform.rotation);
}
}
}
 將PrefabsVFXExplosionsexplosion_player預製物件拖曳到
playerExplosion欄
爆破效果 3/4

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 執行測試，戰機撞到隕石時，隕石與戰機都會爆破
 Asteroid物件加上Mover程式腳本
 設定Speed為-5
 執行測試，隕石會自動向下墜落
 將Asteroid物件拖曳到Prefabs資料夾做成預製物件
 刪除場景上的Asteroid物件
爆破效果 4/4

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 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Game Controller
 重置Transform
 設定Tag為GameController
遊戲控制 1/3

shapethefuture
 Game Controller物件加上GameController程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
public class GameController : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject hazard;
public Vector3 spawnValues;
void Start ()
{
SpawnWaves ();
}
void SpawnWaves ()
{
Vector3 spawnPosition = new Vector3 (
Random.Range (-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x),
spawnValues.y, spawnValues.z);
Quaternion spawnRotation = Quaternion.identity;
Instantiate (hazard, spawnPosition, spawnRotation);
}
}
遊戲控制 2/3

shapethefuture
 拖曳Asteroid預製物件到Hazard欄
 設定SpawnValues(X, Y, Z) = (6, 0, 16)
 執行測試，每次執行隕石會由不同位置墜落
遊戲控制 3/3

shapethefuture
 編輯GameController程式腳本
public GameObject hazard;
public Vector3 spawnValues;
public int hazardCount;
public float spawnWait;
public float startWait;
public float waveWait;
void Start ()
{
StartCoroutine (SpawnWaves ());
}
設定隕石群 1/4

shapethefuture
IEnumerator SpawnWaves ()
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds (startWait);
while (true)
{
for (int i = 0; i < hazardCount; i++)
{
Vector3 spawnPosition = new Vector3 (
Random.Range (-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x),
spawnValues.y,
spawnValues.z);
Quaternion spawnRotation = Quaternion.identity;
Instantiate (hazard, spawnPosition, spawnRotation);
yield return new WaitForSeconds (spawnWait);
}
yield return new WaitForSeconds (waveWait);
}
}
}
設定隕石群 2/4

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 執行測試，隕石會定時自動生成，但是...
 擊破隕石時生成的爆破效果物件不會自動銷毀
 建立DestroyByTime程式腳本
using UnityEngine;
public class DestroyByTime : MonoBehaviour {
public float lifetime;
void Start ()
{
Destroy (gameObject, lifetime);
}
}
設定隕石群 3/4

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 在explosion_asteroid預製物件及explosion_player預製物件加入
DestroyByTime程式腳本
 Lifetime設定為2
 執行測試，隕石會定時自動生成，爆破特效物件也會在2秒後自動銷
毀
設定隕石群 4/4

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 在explosion_asteroid預製物件加上Audio Source元件
 拖曳Audioexplosion_asteroid到explosion_asteroid預製物件之
AudioClip欄
 勾選Play On Awake
 在explosion_player預製物件加上Audio Source元件
 拖曳Audioexplosion_player到explosion_player預製物件之
AudioClip欄
 在Player物件加上Audio Source元件
 拖曳Audioweapon_player到Player物件之AudioClip欄
 取消勾選Play On Awake
 Volume設為0.5
加入音效 1/2

shapethefuture
 編輯Player物件之Player Controller程式腳本
void Update () {
if (Input.GetButton("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire)
{
nextFire = Time.time + fireRate;
Instantiate(shot, shotSpawn.position, shotSpawn.rotation);
GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
}
}
加入音效 2/2

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 在GameController物件加上Audio Source元件
 拖曳Audiomusic_background到GameController物件之AudioClip欄
 勾選Loop
 Volume設為0.5
加入背景音樂

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 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Score Text
 重置Transform
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0, 1, 0)
 加入GUI Text元件
 Pixel Offset (X, Y) = (10, -10)
...
public float waveWait;
public GUIText scoreText;
private int score;
計算及顯示分數 1/4

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void Start ()
{
score = 0;
UpdateScore ();
StartCoroutine (SpawnWaves ());
}
public void AddScore (int newScoreValue)
{
score += newScoreValue;
UpdateScore ();
}
void UpdateScore ()
{
scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;
}
...
}

shapethefuture
public GameObject playerExplosion;
public int scoreValue;
private GameObject gameController;
void Start ()
{
gameController = GameObject.Find ("Game Controller");
}
{
...
gameController.GetComponent<GameController> ().AddScore (scoreValue);
}
}

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 將Asteroid預製物件之Score Value設定為10
 拖曳Score Text物件到Game Controller物件之Score Text欄
 執行測試，每擊破⼀個隕石增加10分

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 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Display Text
 重置Transform
 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Restart Text
 重置Transform
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (1, 1, 0)
 Anchor = Upper right
 Alignment = Right
 Pixel Offset (X, Y) = (-10, -10)
結束遊戲作業 1/7

shapethefuture
 選單命令GameObject> Create Empty，更名為Gameover Text
 重置Transform
 Position (X, Y, Z) = (0.5, 0.6, 0)
 Anchor = Middle center
 Alignment = Center
 Pixel Offset (X, Y) = (0, 0)
 將Score Text物件、Restart Text物件及Gameover Text物件拖曳到
Display Text下成為子物件

shapethefuture
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
...
private int score;
public GUIText scoreText;
public GUIText restartText;
public GUIText gameOverText;
private bool gameOver;
private bool restart;
void Start ()
{
gameOver = false;
restart = false;
restartText.text = "";
gameOverText.text = "";
score = 0;
...
}

shapethefuture
IEnumerator SpawnWaves ()
{
...
yield return new WaitForSeconds (waveWait);
if (gameOver)
{
restartText.text = "Press 'R' for Restart";
restart = true;
break;
}
}
}
void UpdateScore ()
{
scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;
}

shapethefuture
void Update ()
{
if (restart)
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.R))
{
SceneManager.LoadScene ("Main");
}
}
}
public void GameOver ()
{
gameOverText.text = "Game Over!";
gameOver = true;
}
}

shapethefuture
...
{
...
if (other.tag == "Player")
{
Instantiate(playerExplosion,
other.transform.position,
other.transform.rotation);
gameController.GetComponent<GameController> ().GameOver();
}
...
}
}

shapethefuture
 拖曳Restart Text物件到Game Controller物件之Restart Text欄
 拖曳Gameover Text物件到Game Controller物件之Game Over
Text欄
 執行測試，玩家戰機會顯示Game over!，等下⼀波隕石群時顯示
Press 'R' for Restart，按下R鍵即可重玩

Unity遊戲程式設計(15) 實作Space shooter遊戲

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Unity遊戲程式設計(15) 實作Space shooter遊戲