practicum about earth interior

1. WELCOME

2. IN SEARCH OF EARTH’S
SECRETS

3. The earth’s
interior is
full of wonders. But there are
many limitations in collecting
information about the
mysteries of the Earth’s
interior
directly

4. The different Sources from which we get
information on the earth’s interior.
From Materials reaching the
Earth’s surface through Volcanic
eruptions.
Data collected from mines.
Analysis of the propagation of
waves generated during earth
quakes.

5. Earth’s
Interior
Based on the analysis of the waves
generated during earth quakes, the
earth has been divided into different
layers.
 Crust
 Mantle
 Outer core
 Inner core

6. FEATURES OF LAYERS
Crust
The comparatively thin out shell of the earth
Approximately 40km thinck.
Two parts-continental crust, Oceanic Crust.
Mantle
Located beneath the crust.
Extends up to 2900 km from the crust.
Two parts-upper mantle, lower mantle.
Core
Central part of the earth
From 2900 km to 6371km
Two parts-out core, inner core.

7. Rocks
The lithosphere acquire its name
from the mateiral with which it
is made.
Rocks are different colours and
hardness.
This diversity is due to its
constitutions.
The constituents of rocks are
called minerals.

8. TYPES OF ROCKS
Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

9. IGNEOUS ROCKS
 Igneous rocks are formed by
the molten rock material
resing through the fessuses
in the crest and solidifying
either on the surface of the
Earth or withing the crust
itself.
 Eg:- granite, basalt.
 As all other rock types are
formed from the igneous
rocks they are called primary
rocks.

10. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Rocks undergo weathering in course of time. The
debris so formed will be deposited in the low
regions as layers.
These materials gradually get lighified
sedmentary rocks.
Eg: Sandstone, line stone.
Sedimentary rocks are also known as startified
rocks.

11. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
When rocks undergo physical and chemical
changes due to high temperature and pressere
metamorphic rocks are formed.
Eg:- Marble, Slate.

13. Process
MeHS
distntegrater
High pressure/temperature
MeHS
disintegrates
High pressure/
temparature
Melamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Igneous rock
Meta morphic
rock
Sedimentary
rocks

14. WEATHERING
Distegration or de
composition of rocks is
known as weathering.

15. TYPES OF WEATHERING
 Physical/Mechanical Weathering
 Chemical Weathering
 Biological Weathering

16. PHYSICAL /MECHANICAL
WEATHERING
The expansion and contraction of minerals
due to the variation in temperature results
in weathering.

17. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
Oxygen, carbondaioxide, water, etc.
react with the minerals and result in the
chemical decompositon of rocks.

18. BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING
The plant routs penetracting into the
fissures in rocks, burrowing of animals
and the de composition of plant and
animals remains lead to weathering.

19. WEATHERING AND HUMANS
Quarrying
Mining
Deforestation
Construction works

20. SOIL EVOLVES
The soil we see
today is formed by
prolonged procesess like
weathering of rocks and
de composition of
organic matter.

21. THE FACTOR INFLUENCING SOIL
FORMATION
Soil

22. SOIL FOR SUSTENANCE USES
OF SOIL
For construction purposes
Farming
Mining
House building

23. PERISHING SOIL
Soil gets depleted to various
human activities such as
deforestation, deconstruction
of hills and unscientific
agricultural activities.

24. SOIL AND HUMANS
 Non–degrable materials like plastic causes soil
pollution.
 Over use of Chemical fertilizers that alter the
structure of soil.
 Unscientific construction and quarrying.
 Use of agricultural land for non-agricultural
purposes.
 Draining waste water into soil on a large scale.
 Overgrazing.

25. CONSERVE SOIL
Once the top soil is lost what is
left behind is barren land or
rocky surface. It will take
thousands of years for the top
soil to regenerate. Top soil is
essential for the continued
sprouting of life.

26.  Check
deforestation.
 Crop rotation.
 Terrace farming
along fill slopes.
 Construction of
Check dams.

27. A DAY TO CELEBRATE SOIL
The united nations organisation
observes the 15th December as
the world soil day for creating
awareness among the people
about the importance of soil.